Med Term Unit 7 Flashcards
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adren/o, adrenal/o
A
adrenal glad
3
Q
-arche
A
beginning, first occurrence
4
Q
cortic/o
A
outer surface
5
Q
crin/o
A
secrete
6
Q
-emia
A
blood condition
7
Q
gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o
A
sugar
8
Q
gonad/o
A
gonads
9
Q
hormon/o
A
hormone, regulatory/messenger chemical
10
Q
hyper-
A
excessive, above, increased
11
Q
hypo-
A
insufficient, too little, below, decreased
12
Q
hypophys/o
A
pituitary gland
13
Q
kal/o
A
potassium(from Latin kalium)
14
Q
ket/o, keton/o
A
ketone body
15
Q
natr/o
A
sodium (from Latin natrium)
16
Q
neo-
A
new
17
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
18
Q
para-
A
near, beside
19
Q
pituitar/o
A
pituitary gland
20
Q
thel/o
A
nipple
21
Q
thym/o
A
thymus
22
Q
thyr/o, thyroid/o
A
thyroid
23
Q
-tropin
A
stimulating hormone
24
Q
-uria
A
urine condition
25
acromegaly
abnormal increase in bone size (not length), due to human growth hormone hypersecretion during adulthood
26
adenopathy
any condition involving glandular tissue
27
amenorrhea
lack of menstrual flow
28
diabetes insipidus
polyuria due to hyposecretion of or resistance to antidiuretic hormone
29
diabetes mellitus
type 1
type 2
metabolic disease, polyuria and hyperglycemia
autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells, aka insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, aka juvenile onset diabetes mellitus
body cells develop resistance to insulin, aka noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, aka adult onset diabetes mellitus
30
dysmetabolic syndrome
combination of medical disorder associated with faulty metabolism (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity)
31
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket
32
galactorrhea
excessive discharge of milk
33
gestational diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed first during pregnancy; usually resolves after delivery; risk factor for type 2 diabetes later in life
34
glucosuria
glucose in urine, usually sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
35
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland, thyrocele
36
grave disease
thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hyperparathyrodisim characterized by exophthalmos
37
gynecomastia
development of breast tissue in males
38
hashimoto thyroiditis
autoimmune condition that attacks thyroid gland; #1 cause of hypothyroidism in the US
39
hirsutism
excessive growth of facial and body hair for age and/or gender
40
hyperthyroidism
excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
41
hypoadrenocorticism
insufficient secretion of adrenal cortex hormones, aka Addison disease
42
hypoglycemia
low blood glucose
43
hypokalemia
low blood potassium (kalium)
44
hyponatremia
low blood sodium (natrium)
45
hypophysitis
inflammation of the pituitary
46
hypothyroidism
insufficient secretion of thyroid hormone
47
insulinoma
tumor that secretes insulin (tumor of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)
48
ketoacidosis
increased blood acidity due to increased blood ketones produced when body is unable to utilize sugar and must burn fat for energy
49
ketonuria
ketones in the urine, usually found along with ketoacidosis
50
myxedema
advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema (swelling) under the skin
51
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
52
panhypopituitarism
insufficient (or no) secretion of all pituitary hormones
53
pituitary gigantism
abnormally tall height caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
54
pituitary dwarfism
abnormally short height caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
55
pituitary infraction
death of pituitary gland tissue usually due to hemorrhaging and associated with a pituitary tumor
56
polydipsia
excessive thirst
57
polyphagia
excessive eating
58
polyuria
excessive urination
59
thymoma
tumor of the thymus gland
60
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
61
adrenalectomy
surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
62
adrenal gland
pair of glands, one on top of each kidney; secrete several hormones
63
adrenocorticotropic
hormone secreted by pituitary gland; stimulates release of hormones from adrenal cortices
64
antidiuretic hormone
hormone secreted by pituitary gland; regulated body fluid levels by decreasing urine formation
65
blood glucose
amount of glucose in blood
66
blood sugar
amount of all sugars in blood
67
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
continuous insulin injection into blood from pump worn by patient
68
continuous glucose monitor
compact device that regularly monitors blood glucose levels
69
endocrinologist
physician specializing in disorders of the endocrine system
70
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
procedure to examine pancreatic and gall bladder ducts using endoscope passed backwards from digestive tract into bile duct
71
estrogen
primary female hormone, secreted by ovaries, responsible for female secondary sec characteristics
72
fasting blood glucose
blood glucose level after 12 hour-fast
73
gluconengenesis
for cellular energy production, creating glucose from fats or proteins when dietary glucose not available
74
glucose tolerance test
measure of body's ability to metabolize glucose; begin with fasting blood glucose, drinking glucose solution, blood glucose at regular intervals
75
glycemic index
ranking of food based on how it affects blood sugar levels
76
glycolysis
first step in metabolizing glucose for energy, "breaking glucose"
77
gonadotropin
hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates gonads to release their hormones
78
HgA1C
glycated hemoglobin test;indicates average blood glucose level over past 2-3 months
79
hormone replacement therapy
therapeutic administration of hormones to replace low body levels
80
insulin
hormone secreted by pancreas, controls blood glucose level. "pushes" glucose into cells for cellular metabolism (energy production)
81
laparoscopic
removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (an instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)
82
menarche
beginning of first menstruation
83
parathyroid gland
two-four small glands adjacent to or embedded in thyroid gland, secrete parathyroid hormone
84
parathyroid hormone
hormone secreted by parathyroid gland, regulates blood calcium level
85
radioactive iodine uptake test
imaging procedure, measures radioactivity level in thyroid after IV or oral radioactive iodine administration
86
testosterone
primary male hormone, secreted by testes, responsible for male secondary sex characteristics
87
thelarche
beginning of breast development
88
thyroid hormone
T3
T4
hormone secreted by thyroid gland, regulates energy metabolism.
triiodothyronine, one "version" pf thyroid hormone
tetraiodothyronine, aka thyroxine, one "version" of thyroid hormone
89
thyroid stimulating hormone
hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates thyroid to release thyroid hormone
90
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
91
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
92
BG
blood glucose
93
BS
blood sugar
94
CGM
continuous glucose monitor
95
CSII
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
96
DI
diabetes inspidus
97
DM
diabetes mellitus
98
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
99
FBS
fasting blood sugar
100
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
101
GH
growth hormone
102
GTT
glucose tolerance test
103
HgA1C
test used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels
104
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
105
PTH
parathyroid hormone
106
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake test
107
T1
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)
108
T2
noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)
109
T3
triiodothyronine
110
T4
thyroxine (tetraiodthyronine)
111
TFT
thyroid function test
112
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
113
acidemia
abnormal acidity of the blood
114
adenalgia
pain in a gland
115
adenectomy
surgical removal of a gland
116
adenitis
inflammation of a gland
117
adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of glandular tissue
118
adenomalacia
abnormal softening of a gland
119
adenomegaly
enlargement of a gland
120
adenosis
abnormal condition of a gland
121
adrenal adenoma
tumor of the adrenal gland
122
adrenal insufficiency
condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones
123
adrenal virilism
excessive secretion of adrenal androgens
124
adrenaline
A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress
125
adrenalitis
inflammation of the adrenal glands
126
adrenarche
beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)
127
adrenal cortical carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland
128
Adrenalcortical insufficiency
condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones
129
adrenocortocohyperplasia
excessive development of the adrenal cortex
130
adrenomegaly
enlargement of the adrenal glands
131
adrenopathy
disease of the adrenal gland
132
alkalemia
abnormal alkalinity of the blood
133
calciuria
presence of calcium in the urine
134
chloremia
increased chloride in the blood
135
cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas
136
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others
137
corticotropin
shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone
138
cortisol
stress hormone
139
hyperadrenocorticism
disorder caused by excessive adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid, resulting in increased urination, drinking, and redistribution of body fat; also called Cushing's disease
140
dwarfism
congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism
141
endocrinopathy
disease of the endocrine system
142
epinephrine
Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
143
estrogen
Female sex hormone
144
euglycemia
good blood sugar
145
euthyroid
normal thyroid function
146
exocrine
secreting externally
147
gigantism
a condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone during the early years of life
148
glucagon
A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.
149
glucocorticoids
raises blood sugar levels
150
glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen to glucose
151
glycopenia
deficiency of sugar
152
gonadogenesis
creation/development of gonads
153
gonads
sex glands
154
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
155
hypercholesterolemia
excessive cholesterol in the blood
156
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
157
hypergonadism
the condition of excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands
158
hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
159
hyperlipidemia
excessive fat in the blood
160
hypernatremia
excessive sodium in the blood
161
hyperparathyroidism
excessive production of parathormone
162
hyperphosphatemia
excessive phosphate in the blood
163
hyperpituitarism
the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism
164
hypercalcemia
deficient calcium in the blood
165
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
166
hypogonadism
the condition of deficient secretion of hormones by the sex glands
167
hypomagnesemia
insufficient magnesium in the blood
168
Hypoparathyroidism
deficient production of parathyroid hormone
169
hypophysectomy
removal of the pituitary gland
170
Hypopituitarism
state of deficient pituitary gland activity
171
ketogenesis
creation of ketone bodies
172
ketogenic diet
diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body
173
ketosis
condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies resulting from excessive fat metabolism
174
metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
175
pancreatalgia
pain in the pancreas
176
oxytocin
a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts.
177
pancreatectomy
excision of the pancreas
178
pancreatolith
stone in the pancreas
179
pancreatolithectomy
removal of the stone in the pancreas
180
pancreatolithiasis
presence of a stone in the pancreas
181
pancreatolysis
destruction of pancreatic tissue
182
pancreatopathy
any disease of the pancreas
183
parathryoidectomy
removal of the parathyroid gland
184
parathyroidoma
tumor of a parathyroid gland
185
pituitary adenoma
tumor on the pituitary gland
186
polyadenopathy
disease involving many glands
187
thymectomy
surgical removal of the thymus gland
188
thymolytic
destruction of the thymus tissue
189
thyrocele
another name for goiter
190
thyroid function tests
measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream
191
thyroidectomy
excision of the thyroid gland
192
thyroidotomy
incision of the thyroid gland
193
thyroidotoxin
substance poisonous to the thyroid gland
194
thyromegaly
enlargement of the thyroid gland
195
thyroparathyroidectomy
excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
196
thyroptosis
downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid
197
thyrotomy
surgery performed on the thyroid gland
198
thyrotoxicosis
condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones
199
thyrotropic
pertaining to influencing the thyroid gland
200
thyrotropin
hormone that stimulates the thyroid
201
uremia
urine in the blood
