Unit 6Unit 6 Full Word List 2024 Flashcards
1
Q
acoustic
A
pertaining to hearing
2
Q
aerotitis
A
air in the middle ear
3
Q
afferent
A
traveling towards a structure
4
Q
agnosia
A
not knowing
5
Q
akinetopsia
A
motion-blindness
6
Q
amblyopia
A
disease in which one eye’s input is ignored by the brain
7
Q
ampulla
A
round flask; structure in the vestibular system which resembles a flask
8
Q
amyotrophic
A
pertaining to muscle tissue wasting
9
Q
anastomosis
A
“backwards mouth”; two openings coming together to form one
10
Q
anesthesia
A
lack of sensation (usually, pain)
11
Q
anesthesiologist
A
physician who administers anesthesia
12
Q
aneurysm
A
ballooning of a blood vessel
13
Q
aniridia
A
disease marked by the absence of an iris
14
Q
anorexia
A
disease marked by a lack of desire (usually, for food)
15
Q
anosmia
A
disease marked by an absence of the ability to smell
16
Q
anticonvulsant
A
drug which stops seizure activity
17
Q
antidepressant
A
drug which regulates mood
18
Q
antipsychotic
A
drug which reverses symptoms of psychosis (a loss of contact with reality)
19
Q
anxiolytic
A
drug which “breaks down” or reduces anxiety
20
Q
apathy
A
lack of feeling
21
Q
aphakia
A
absence of the lens
22
Q
aphasia
A
absence of the power of speech (also, written language)
23
Q
aponeurosis
A
sheath of connective tissue joining muscle and bones
24
Q
arachnoid
A
one of the meninges; layer covering the brain that resembles a wet spider web
25
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
26
asthenopia
eye strain or eye fatigue
27
astigmatism
defect in the optical properties of the eye
28
atherosclerosis
buildup of plaque in the arteries
29
audiogram
graphical representation of a patient's hearing
30
audiologist
clinician who studies hearing
31
audiometry
measurement of a patient's hearing
32
auditory
pertaining to hearing
33
aural
pertaining to hearing
34
autism
alternative wiring of the brain resulting in characteristic behaviors and symptoms
35
autonomic
pertaining to body systems not under control of the conscious mind
36
axodendritic
a contact between an axon and a neuronal dendrite
37
axon
the part of a nerve cell responsible for its output
38
axosecretory
release of chemicals from an axon to the blood
39
axosomatic
a contact between an axon and neuronal cell body
40
basilar
running along the base of the brain (the name of an artery which does this)
41
binocular
using both eyes to perceive the visual world
42
bipolar
a neuron with two major extensions from the cell body
43
blepharedema
swelling of the eyelid
44
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
45
blepharoconjunctivitis
inflammation of the eyelid and mucous membranes of the eye
46
blepharoplasty
surgical revision of the eyelid
47
blepharoplegia
paralysis of the eyelid
48
blepharoptosis
drooping of the eyelid
49
blepharopyorrhea
flow of pus from the eyelid
50
blepharospasm
involuntary contraction of the eyelid
51
blepharotomy
cutting into the eyelid
52
brain
the largest part of the central nervous system
53
bulimia
eating disorder characterized by the binge-purge-starve syndrome
54
cataract
cloudiness in the lens of the eye
55
catatonia
disease characterized by a lack of awareness
56
caudate
a structure in the brain which resembles a tail (Latin cauda)
57
cephalalgia
pain in the head
58
cephalodynia
pain in the head
59
cerebellar
pertaining to the part of the brain under the cerebrum
60
cerebellitis
inflammation of the cerebellum
61
cerebellum
part of the brain under the cerebrum and attached to the brainstem
62
cerebral
pertaining to the cerebrum
63
cerebromeningitis
inflammation of the brain and the membranes that cover it
64
cerebropathy
disease of the brain
65
cerebrospinal
pertaining to the brain and spinal cord
66
cerebrotomy
cutting into the brain
67
cerebrovascular
pertaining to the blood vessels of the brain
68
cerebrum
the large, wrinkled part of the brain; right and left hemispheres
69
cerumen
ear wax
70
ceruminolysis
process of breaking down ear wax
71
ceruminolytic
substance which breaks down ear wax
72
ceruminoma
tumor in the glands which produce ear wax
73
ceruminosis
condition of excessive ear wax
74
chemoreceptor
nerve cell which detects the presence of specific chemicals
75
choroid
a tissue resembling the chorionic membrane of the embryo; there is a choroid of the eye and a choroid plexus lining the ventricles of the brain
76
clonus
involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions
77
cochlear
pertaining to the hearing apparatus of the inner ear (Latin "snail", because of its anatomical resemblance to a snail)
78
cochleitis
inflammation of the cochlea
79
conductive
arising from a defect in the structures which bring sound to the inner ear
80
conjunctiva
mucous membrane of the eye
81
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye
82
convulsion
sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of muscle
83
cornea
the clear window covering the iris and pupil
84
corticospinal
nerve cell pathway connecting the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord
85
craniosclerosis
hardening of the skull
86
craniosynostosis
premature fusion and hardening of the bones of a child's skull
87
cyclokeratitis
inflammation of the cornea and ciliary body of the eye
88
cycloplegia
paralysis of the ciliary body of the eye
89
cyclotomy
cutting into the ciliary body of the eye
90
dacryoadenalgia
pain in the lacrimal gland (the gland that makes tears to lubricate the eye)
91
dacryoadenectomy
removal of a lacrimal gland
92
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of a lacrimal gland
93
dacryocystalgia
pain in the nasolacrimal sac (which stores tears to lubricate the eye)
94
dacryocystectomy
surgical removal of the nasolacrimal sac
95
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the nasolacrimal sac
96
dacryocystorhinostomy
surgery to enlarge the opening of the nasolacrimal sac
97
dacryocystotomy
cutting into the nasolacrimal sac
98
dacryohemorrhea
blood mixed with tears
99
dacryolith
stone in the lacrimal glands
100
dacryolithiasis
condition of stones in the lacrimal glands
101
dacryopyorrhea
flow of pus from the lacrimal glands
102
dacryorrhea
excessive flow of tears from the lacrimal glands
103
dacryostenosis
blockage of tears from the lacrimal glands
104
decrement
slow, steady decrease in size
105
decussation
crossing
106
delirium
confusion and disorientation
107
dementia
lack of orientation to person, place, or time, often with memory loss
108
depolarization
an accumulation of positive charges inside a nerve cell
109
dermatome
region on the surface of the body which sends information along a single spinal nerve
110
diencephalon
region of the brain between the cerebrum and the brainstem; thalamus and associated structures
111
diplopia
double vision
112
dopamine
chemical signaling molecule of the brain
113
dura
one of the meninges; layer covering the brain made up of tough connective tissue
114
duritis
inflammation of the dura, one of the coverings of the brain
115
dysesthesia
abnormal sensation
116
dyslexia
disruption in the ability to read
117
dysphasia
disruption in the ability to speak
118
dysphoria
abnormal sensation of dread or unease
119
echoencephalography
the use of ultrasound to image the brain
120
ectropion
turning of the eyelid away from the eyeball
121
efferent
traveling away from a structure
122
electroencephalography
the use of electrical activity to image the brain
123
electrophysiology
the study of electrical activity in the brain or in brain cells
124
embolism
obstruction of an artery by a clot or air bubble
125
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
126
encephalocele
herniation of the brain
127
encephalogram
image or trace of the electrical activity of the brain
128
encephalomyelitis
inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
129
encephalomyeloneuropathy
a disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
130
encephalopathy
a disease of the brain
131
encephalopyosis
condition of pus in the brain
132
endarterectomy
removal of the inner lining of an artery along with a clot or plaque
133
endolymph
fluid of the inner ear
134
endoneurium
innermost connective tissue layer of a nerve
135
endophthalmitis
inflammation of the inside of the eye
136
endovascular
pertaining to the inner lining of a blood vessel
137
entropion
turning of the eyelid toward the eyeball
138
enucleation
removal of the eyeball
139
ependymal
pertaining to cells lining the ventricles (fluid-filled chambers of the brain)
140
epidural
pertaining to the space outside the dura, one of the coverings of the brain
141
epilepsy
disease characterized by the sudden onset of seizures
142
epineurium
outermost connective tissue of a nerve
143
esotropia
eye misalignment where both eyes turn inward
144
euphoria
sensation of well-being or happiness
145
exophthalmus
protrusion of the eyes out of the head
146
exotropia
eye misalignment where both eyes turn outward
147
externa
outermost
148
exteroceptor
nerve cell which detects the presence of stimuli outside the body
149
extraocular
outside of the eye, especially referring to the muscles which move the eye
150
fascicle
bundle of nerve axons
151
frontal
bone at the front of the skull; lobe of the brain in the front
152
ganglioma
tumor of a ganglion
153
ganglion
a collection of nerve cells outside the central nervous system
154
ganglionitis
inflammation of a ganglion
155
glaucoma
abnormal increase in pressure within the eye
156
glossopharyngeal
pertaining to the tongue and oral cavity
157
gustation
the sensation of taste
158
gyrus
elevated bump on the surface of the cerebrum
159
hematoma
mass of blood
160
hemianopsia
abnormal visual perception, "half not seeing"
161
hemiparesis
muscle weakness affecting half of the body (e.g. right upper and lower extremity)
162
hemiplegia
paralysis affecting half of the body (e.g. right upper and lower extremity)
163
hemorrhagic
abnormal blood flow
164
homunculus
map of the body surface as represented in the brain (Latin "little man")
165
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid
166
hyperacusis
abnormally increased ability to hear
167
hyperesthesia
abnormally increased sensation in skin
168
hyperopia
ability to see at a distance but not close up
169
hyperpolarization
an accumulation of negative charges inside a nerve cell
170
hypnotic
drug causing sleepiness
171
hypoacusis
abnormally reduced ability to hear
172
hypoglossal
underneath the tongue
173
ictus
seizure
174
idiopathic
a condition with no obvious cause
175
insomnia
inability to sleep
176
insula
a part of the cerebral cortex not visible from the outside of the brain (Latin, "island")
177
interictal
the time between seizures
178
interneuron
a nerve cell that is neither sensory nor motor
179
interoceptor
nerve cell which detects the presence of stimuli inside the body
180
intracerebral
within the brain
181
intraocular
within the eyes
182
intravitreal
within the clear, jelly-like substance which gives the eyeball its shape
183
iridalgia
pain in the iris
184
iridectomy
surgical removal of the iris
185
iridemia
blood surrounding the iris
186
iridocyclectomy
surgical removal of the iris and ciliary body
187
iridocyclitis
inflammation of the iris and ciliary body
188
iridokeratitis
inflammation of the iris and cornea
189
iridopathy
disease of the iris
190
iridotomy
cutting into the iris
191
iris
the colored part of the eye which defines the pupil
192
iritis
inflammation of the iris
193
ischemic
pertaining to a lack of blood flow
194
keratalgia
pain in the cornea
195
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
196
keratomalacia
softening of the cornea
197
keratopathy
disease of the cornea
198
keratoplasty
surgical revision of the cornea
199
keratotomy
cutting into the cornea
200
labyrinthectomy
surgical removal of the vestibular (balance) apparatus of the inner ear
201
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the labyrinth
202
labyrinthotomy
cutting into the labyrinth
203
lacrimation
the process of forming tears and crying
204
ligand
chemical which binds to a cell surface receptor
205
lobe
major division of the cerebrum
206
lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe of the brain
207
lobotomy
cutting into a lobe of the brain
208
macrocephaly
abnormally large head
209
mechanoreceptor
nerve cell which detects the presence of movement, pressure, or other mechanical stimuli
210
medulla
the core of a multilayered organ (e.g. the brain)
211
meninges
coverings of the brain
212
meningioma
tumor of the coverings of the brain
213
meningitis
inflammation of the coverings of the brain
214
meningocele
hernation of the coverings of the brain
215
meningoencephalitis
inflammation of the brain and its coverings
216
meningopathy
disease of the coverings of the brain
217
microcephaly
abnormally small head
218
microtia
abnormally small ears
219
midbrain
part of the brainstem between the thalamus and pons
220
miosis
condition of a constricted (small) pupil
221
miotic
drug which causes miosis
222
monoparesis
weakness in a single extremity
223
monoplegia
paralysis of a single extremity
224
monosynaptic
characterized by a single contact between nerve cells
225
multipolar
a neuron with many major extensions from the cell body
226
mydriasis
condition of a dilated (large) pupil
227
mydriatic
drug which causes mydriasis
228
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
229
myelocele
hernation of the spinal cord
230
myelogram
image of the spinal cord
231
myelomalacia
softening of the spinal cord
232
myelomeningocele
herniation of the spinal cord and its coverings
233
myelopathy
disease of the spinal cord
234
myopia
ability to see close up but not at a distance
235
myotatic
pertaining to muscle stretching
236
myringectomy
surgical removal of the eardrum
237
myringitis
inflammation of the eardrum
238
myringodermatitis
inflammation of the eardrum and the adjacent skin of the ear canal
239
myringomycosis
fungal infection of the eardrum
240
myringoplasty
surgical revision of the eardrum
241
myringotomy
cutting into the eardrum
242
narcolepsy
condition of uncontrollable, sudden sleepiness
243
nasolacrimal
pertaining to the lacrimal (tear-producing) structures and the nose
244
neuralgia
pain in the nerves
245
neurasthenia
weakness or lack of energy in the nervous system
246
neurectomy
surgical removal of a nerve
247
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve
248
neuroarthropathy
loss of nerve sensation that leads to destruction of a joint
249
neurocysticercosis
"brain worm"; the larval stage of a parasitic worm found in the brain
250
neurodynia
pain in the nerves
251
neuroencephalomyelopathy
disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord
252
neurogenic
arising from the nervous system
253
neuroglycopenia
condition of low sugar (glucose) levels in the brain
254
neurolysis
breakdown of nervous system tissue
255
neuroma
tumor derived from the nervous system
256
neuron
anatomical unit of the nervous system
257
neuropathy
disease of the nervous system
258
neuropharmacology
study of the effect of drugs on the nervous system
259
neurophysiology
study of the (usually electrical) function of the nervous system
260
neuroplasty
surgical alteration of the nerves
261
neurorrhaphy
surgical repair of a nerve
262
neurosclerosis
abnormal hardening of the nerves
263
neurosis
abnormal change in the nervous system
264
neurosurgery
using surgical techniques to revise or repair the nervous system
265
neurotomy
cutting into a nerve
266
neurotransmitter
chemical which carries a signal from one neuron to another neuron, or to a muscle cell
267
nociceptor
nerve cell which detects the presence of damage
268
nystagmus
eye movements that alternate between a rapid track to one side and a slow track to the other
269
occipital
bone at the back of the skull; lobe of the brain at the back
270
oculomycosis
fungal infection of the eye
271
oculopathy
disease of the eye
272
oculoplasty
surgical revision of the eye
273
ophthalmalgia
pain in the eye
274
ophthalmic
pertaining to the eye
275
ophthalmitis
inflammation of the eye
276
ophthalmologist
clinician who studies the eye
277
ophthalmomyitis
inflammation of the extraocular muscles
278
ophthalmopathy
disease of the eye
279
ophthalmoplegia
paralysis of the eye
280
ophthalmoscope
instrument for observing the eye
281
optic
pertaining to vision
282
optokinetic
pertaining to movement of the visual field
283
optometrist
clinician who measures the optical properties of the eye
284
optomyometer
instrument for measuring the strength of eye muscles
285
osmoreceptor
nerve cell which detects the strength of chemicals in the blood
286
osteoacusis
sound conduction via bone
287
otalgia
pain in the ear
288
otitis
inflammation of the ear
289
otodynia
pain in the ear
290
otolaryngologist
physician who studies the ear and throat
291
otoliths
microscopic stones in the ear that help detect head tilt
292
otomycosis
fungal infection of the ear
293
otoneurologist
physician who studies the ear and brain
294
otoplasty
surgical modification of the ear
295
otopyorrhea
flow of pus from the ear
296
otorhinolaryngologist
physician who studies the ear, nose, and throat
297
otorrhea
flow of liquid from the ear
298
otosclerosis
hardening of the bones of the middle ear
299
otoscope
instrument for observing the ear
300
otosteal
pertaining to the bones of the middle ear
301
ototoxic
drug that destroys the nerve cells of the ear
302
papilledema
swelling of the optic nerve, visible through an ophthalmoscope
303
paraesthesia
pins-and-needles sensation in the skin caused by nerve damage
304
paralysis
inability to move
305
parasympathetic
pertaining to the division of the autonomic nervous system that maintains body functions at rest
306
paresis
weakness
307
parietal
bone on the side of the skull; lobe of the brain on the side
308
perilymph
fluid of the inner ear
309
perineurium
connective tissue layer of a nerve
310
phacoemulsification
surgical procedure that involves breaking apart the lens of the eye
311
phacomalacia
softening of the lens
312
phacosclerosis
hardening of the lens
313
phacoscope
instrument for observing the lens
314
phakitis
inflammation of the lens
315
phonasthenia
weakness or lack of energy in the voice
316
photon
particle-wave of light energy
317
photophobia
inability to tolerate bright light (literally, "fear of light")
318
photopic
pertaining to bright light conditions
319
photoreceptor
nerve cell which detects photons (particle-waves of light energy)
320
plexus
nerves which come together, mix, and separate
321
poliomyelitis
viral disease of the nervous system
322
polyneuritis
inflammation of several or many nerves
323
polyneuropathy
disease of several or many nerves
324
postcentral
behind the central sulcus
325
postganglionic
referring to nerve axons that are efferent to the autonomic ganglia
326
postictal
after a seizure
327
postsynaptic
after a contact between nerve cells (i.e. the neuron receiving the information)
328
precentral
in front of the central sulcus
329
prefrontal
the rostral part of the frontal cortex ("the front of the front")
330
preganglionic
referring to nerve axons that are afferent to the autonomic ganglia
331
preictal
before a seizure
332
premotor
area of cortex that calculates, but does not execute, a motor program
333
presbycusis
elder hearing
334
presbyopia
elder vision
335
presynaptic
before a contact between nerve cells (i.e. the neuron sending the information)
336
propagate
spreading of a nerve signal
337
proprioceptor
nerve cell which detects the position of the body in space
338
prosopagnosia
inability to recognize faces
339
pseudesthesia
experiencing "false" feelings; feelings not caused by a stimulus
340
psychiatrist
physician who studies the mind
341
psychiatry
branch of medicine involved in the study of the mind
342
psychogenic
arising from the mind
343
psychologist
clinician who studies the mind
344
psychology
science of the mind
345
psychopathy
disease of the mind
346
psychopharmacology
study of drugs which affect the mind
347
psychosis
disease of the mind, usually one which involves a disconnection from reality
348
psychosomatic
pertaining to the connection between mind and body
349
psychotropic
a drug which acts on the mind
350
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
351
refractory
resistant to change
352
repolarization
restoration of the normal distribution of negative charges inside a nerve cell
353
retina
photosensitive nerve tissue lining the inside back of the eye
354
retinal
pertaining to the retina
355
retinitis
inflammation of the retina
356
retinopathy
disease of the retina
357
retinopexy
surgical fixation of the retina
358
retinoscope
instrument for observing the retina
359
retinosis
condition of the retina
360
saccule
small sac; structure in the vestibular system which resembles a sack
361
sciatica
inflammation of the major nerve supplying the lower extremity
362
sclera
white of the eye (i.e. "hard part" of the eye)
363
sclerectasia
bulging and thinning of the sclera
364
scleritis
inflammation of the sclera
365
scleromalacia
softening of the sclera
366
sclerotomy
cutting into the sclera
367
scotoma
a "hole" in the visual field (literally, "dark tumor")
368
scotopic
pertaining to dim light conditions
369
segmental
broken into segments; a way of describing the pattern of nerve innervation on the body surface
370
sensorineural
pertaining to sensation and how it is processed by the brain
371
somnambulism
sleep-walking
372
somnography
measurement of a patient's sleep
373
stimulus
environmental energy that causes a response in the nervous system
374
strabismus
condition where the eyes don't look in the same direction
375
subarachnoid
between the brain surface and the arachnoid membrane
376
subdural
between the arachnoid membrane and the dura mater
377
sulcus
groove on the surface of the cerebrum
378
sympathetic
pertaining to the division of the autonomic nervous system that maintains body functions needed for escape or fighting
379
syncope
fainting
380
synesthesia
mixing up two or more senses (e.g. perceiving colors and sounds at the same time)
381
tastant
chemical which produces a taste sensation
382
temporal
bone on the side of the skull; lobe of the brain on the side
383
thermoreceptor
nerve cell which detects temperature
384
thromboembolism
loss of blood supply due to a clot which dislodges from its source and lodges in a distant location
385
thromboembolus
clot which becomes dislodged, blocking the blood supply at a distant location
386
thrombolytic
drug which breaks apart a blood clot
387
thrombosis
condition of clotting
388
tinnitus
ringing in the ears
389
transcranial
across the skull
390
transduction
the process of turning one kind of signal into another
391
transient
temporary; briefly passing
392
trigeminal
fifth cranial nerve, mostly carrying information from the face to the brain
393
tympanic
pertaining to the eardrum
394
tympanocentesis
puncture of the eardrum
395
tympanometry
process of measuring the eardrum
396
tympanoplasty
surgical alteration of the eardrum
397
tympanosclerosis
hardening of the eardrum
398
tympanostomy
creating a hole ("mouth") in the eardrum
399
unipolar
a neuron with one major extension from the cell body
400
utricle
bag-like structure in the vestibular system
401
varicosity
dilation or enlargement of a part (e.g. a nerve axon)
402
vertigo
sensation of spinning
403
vestibular
the organ of balance; part of the inner ear
404
vestibulitis
inflammation of the vestibular apparatus
405
vestibulocochlear
pertaining to the inner ear (balance & hearing apparatuses)
406
vestibulotomy
cutting into the vestibular apparatus
407
vitrectomy
surgical removal of the vitreous
408
vitreous
the clear, jelly-like material that gives the eyeball its shape
409
xerophthalmia
dry eye
