HTHS 1101 Unit 11 for Brainscape - Full Words 2024 Flashcards
1
Q
albuminuria
A
the presence of albumin (protein) in the urine, indicating kidney disease
2
Q
antispasmodic
A
drug that suppresses muscle spasms causing urinary urgency
3
Q
anuria
A
absence of urine
4
Q
azotemia
A
increase in BUN (blood urea nitrogen), indicating kidney dysfunction
5
Q
azotorrhea
A
excessive secretion of urea nitrogen in the urine
6
Q
azoturia
A
excessive secretion of urea nitrogen in the urine
7
Q
calyx
A
part of the urine collection system of the kidney, leading to the urethra
8
Q
capsular
A
pertaining to the glomerular capsule
9
Q
capsule
A
the membranous sac surrounding the filtration system of the glomerulus
10
Q
convoluted
A
twisted in a complex way
11
Q
corpuscle
A
“small body”; the glomerulus plus the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
12
Q
cortical
A
nephrons with a shorter nephron loop that penetrates only the superficial renal medulla
13
Q
cystalgia
A
pain in the bladder
14
Q
cystectomy
A
surgical removal of the bladder
15
Q
cystitis
A
inflammation of the bladder
16
Q
cystocele
A
herniation of the bladder (anterior vaginal prolapse)
17
Q
cystodynia
A
pain in the bladder
18
Q
cystogram
A
x-ray image of dye inserted into the bladder
19
Q
cystography
A
process of obtaining a cystogram
20
Q
cystolith
A
bladder stone
21
Q
cystolithectomy
A
surgical removal of a bladder stone
22
Q
cystoma
A
tumor of the bladder
23
Q
cystoplegia
A
weakness of the bladder muscles
24
Q
cystoptosis
A
drooping of the bladder
25
cystorrhexis
rupture of the bladder
26
cystoscopy
the process of looking into the bladder
27
cystospasm
sudden contraction of the bladder
28
cystostomy
surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the bladder
29
cystotomy
cutting into the bladder
30
cystoureteritis
inflammation of the bladder and ureter
31
cystourethrocele
hernation of the bladder and urethra (anterior vaginal prolapse)
32
cystourethrogram
x-ray image of dye inserted into the bladder and urethra
33
detrusor
muscle which expels urine from the bladder
34
dialysis
process to artifically remove wastes from the blood, replicating this kidney function
35
dipsogenic
drug which increases thirst
36
diuresis
increased urination
37
diuretic
drug which increases the production of urine
38
dysuria
pain or difficulty with urination
39
enuresis
nighttime urination (literally, "urine in bed")
40
extracorporeal
from outside the body
41
fascia
connective tissue sheet
42
fulguration
using an electric current during surgery (e.g. to destroy stones or seal blood vessels); electrocauterization
43
glomerular
pertaining to the glomerulus
44
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidney glomeruli
45
glomerulopathy
disease of the kidney glomerulus
46
glomerulosclerosis
hardening of the kidney glomeruli
47
glomerulus
filtration system of the kidney
48
glucosuria
sugar in the urine
49
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
50
hematuria
blood in the urine
51
heminephrectomy
surgical removal of part of a kidney
52
heminephroureterectomy
surgical removal of a duplex kidney (congenital condition where an "extra" kidney forms)
53
hemodialysis
process to artifically remove wastes from the blood, replicating this kidney function
54
hydronephrosis
swelling of kidneys due to urine buildup
55
hypernephroma
tumor of the renal tubules
56
hyponatremia
low blood sodium
57
hypospadias
congenital urethral opening on the underside of the penis
58
incontinence
inability to hold urine and expel it appropriately
59
intracorporeal
from inside the body
60
juxtaglomerular apparatus
hormone-secreting organ near the glomerulus
61
juxtamedullary
nephrons with a longer nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla
62
ketolysis
breakdown of ketones
63
ketonuria
ketones in the urine
64
laparonephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney through an incision in the abdominal wall
65
lithectomy
surgical removal of a stone
66
lithiasis
the presence of a stone
67
lithocystotomy
cutting into the bladder to remove a stone
68
lithonephritis
inflammation of the kidney due to a stone
69
lithonephrotomy
cutting into the kidney to remove a stone
70
lithotripsy
breaking apart stones with high-frequency sound waves
71
macula densa
"dense spot"; area of the distal convoluted tubule which forms part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
72
meatal
pertaining to an anatomical tube, such as the urethra or ureter
73
meatoplasty
surgical revision of an anatomical tube
74
meatorrhaphy
suturing an anatomical tube
75
meatoscope
instrument for looking inside an anatomical tube
76
meatoscopy
the process of looking into the urinary meatus (urethra) or the ureteral orifice
77
meatotomy
cutting into the urethra or ureter (for example, to remove a stone)
78
micturition
urination
79
nephralgia
pain in the kidney
80
nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney
81
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
82
nephrocele
herniation of the kidney
83
nephrocystanastomosis
surgical creation of a connection between the kidney and bladder
84
nephrogram
x-ray image of dye inserted into the kidney
85
nephrography
process of obtaining a nephrogram
86
nephrohypertrophy
abnormal growth of the kidney
87
nephrolithiasis
the presence of a stone in the kidney
88
nephrolithotomy
cutting into the kidney to remove a stone
89
nephrologist
a person who studies kidney disease
90
nephrology
the study of kidneys
91
nephroma
tumor of the kidney cortex
92
nephromalacia
softening of the kidney due to disease
93
nephromegaly
enlargement of the kidney due to disease
94
nephron
functional unit of the kidney; a glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct
95
nephropathy
disease of the kidney
96
nephropexy
surgical fixation of the kidney
97
nephroptosis
drooping of the kidney
98
nephrorrhaphy
suturing the kidney
99
nephrosclerosis
hardening of the kidney
100
nephroscopy
the process of looking at the kidney
101
nephrosis
kidney disease (especially when accompanied by edema, abnormal swelling of the tissues); nephrotic syndrome
102
nephrosonography
process of imaging the kidney with sound waves
103
nephrostomy
surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the kidney
104
nephrotomy
cutting into the kidney
105
nephrotoxin
a chemical which is damaging to the kidney
106
nephroureterectomy
surgical removal of a kidney and its ureter
107
nocturia
nighttime urination
108
oliguria
sparse urine production
109
paraphimosis
condition of having the foreskin trapped behind the head of the penis
110
pedicels
"little feet"; microscopic structures supporting the filtration system of the kidney
111
peritubular
near the tubules
112
phimosis
inability to retract the foreskin of the penis
113
podocytes
"foot cells"; cells of the glomerular apparatus that extend pedicels to support the filtration membrane
114
polycystic
disease process characterized by many fluid-filled structures
115
polydipsia
frequent drinking
116
polyuria
frequent urination
117
pyelitis
inflammation of the pelvis region and calyces of the kidney
118
pyelocystitis
inflammation of the pelvis region of the kidney and the bladder
119
pyelocystostomosis
surgical creation of a communication between the kidney and bladder
120
pyelogram
x-ray image of dye inserted into the kidney calyces
121
pyelolithotomy
cutting into the kidney calyces to remove a stone
122
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the pelvis region, calyces, and kidney tissue
123
pyelopathy
disease of the kidney calyces
124
pyeloplasty
surgical revision of the kidney calyces
125
pyelostomy
surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the kidney calyces
126
pyelotomy
cutting into the kidney calyces
127
pyeloureterectasia
dilation of the kidney calyces and ureter
128
pyonephritis
inflammation of the kidney with pus formation
129
pyonephrolithiasis
the presence of pus and stones in the kidney
130
pyopyeloectasis
dilation of the kidney calyces with the formation of pus
131
pyramid
structure in the kidney medulla
132
pyuria
pus in the urine
133
reabsorption
moving substances from the filtrate in the nephron to the vasa recta (and thus back into the blood)
134
renal
pertaining to the kidney
135
renin
hormone released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney
136
resection
surgical removal of all or part of an organ
137
resectoscope
instrument for looking inside the body to resect (remove) a structure
138
retroperitoneal
behind the peritoneal cavity
139
transrectal
through or across the rectum (e.g. ultrasound or surgery)
140
transurethral
through or across the urethra
141
trigone
anatomical triangle
142
tubule
small tube, as in the nephron
143
tubuloglomerular
pertaining to the nephron
144
ultrasonography
process of imaging with sound waves (same as sonography)
145
urea
waste product formed from protein metabolism
146
uremia
buildup of waste products in the blood because of kidney dysfunction
147
ureteralgia
pain in one or both ureters
148
ureterectomy
surgical removal of a ureter
149
ureteritis
inflammation of the ureter
150
ureterocele
hernation of the ureter
151
ureteroileostomy
surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the ureters through the body wall
152
ureterolithiasis
the presence of a stone in the ureter
153
ureteronephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney and its ureter
154
ureteroplasty
surgical revision of the ureter
155
ureteropyelitis
inflammation of the ureter and calyces of the kidney
156
ureteropyelonephritis
inflammation of the ureter, calyces, and kidney tissue
157
ureterorrhaphy
suturing the ureter
158
ureteroscopy
the process of looking into the ureter
159
ureterstenosis
narrowing or blockage of the ureter
160
urethrectomy
surgical removal of the urethra
161
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
162
urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
163
urethrodynia
pain in the urethra
164
urethrogram
x-ray image of dye inserted into the urethra
165
urethropexy
surgical fixation of the urethra
166
urethroplasty
surgical revision of the urethra
167
urethrorrhea
abnormal flow from the urethra
168
urethroscope
instrument for looking inside the urethra
169
urethroscopy
the process of looking into the urethra
170
urethrospasm
sudden contraction of the urethra
171
urethrostenosis
narrowing or blockage of the urethra
172
urethrotomy
cutting into the urethra
173
urinalysis
shortening of urine + analysis
174
urinary
pertaining to the organs which produce urine
175
urocyanosis
blue color in the urine
176
urodynia
pain during urination
177
urologist
medical specialist who studies the urinary system
178
urology
the study of the urinary system
179
uropathy
disease in the urinary system
180
uropoiesis
the process of creating urine
181
urostomy
surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain outside the body
182
uroxanthin
pigment which gives the urine its yellow color
183
vesicocele
herniation of the bladder (into the vaginal canal)
184
vesicostomy
surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the bladder
185
vesicotomy
cutting into the bladder
186
vesicoureteral
pertaining to the bladder and ureter
187
voiding
emptying the bladder (i.e. urinating)
