Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Human Interactions with Microbes > Flashcards

Human Interactions with Microbes Flashcards

Exam 3

1
Q

Infection

A

microbes enter the body through portals and start to multiply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disease

A

microbes spread to tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carrier State

A
  • human may be carrying microbes but may not be exhibiting signs and symptoms
  • microbes are established but disease is not apparent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is it called when disease starts to cause permanent damage to tissues and organs?

A

sequelae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mortality

A

when people die from infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Morbidity

A

when people survive infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mortality Rate

A

How many people are dying within a specific time range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

Out of X number of people infected, how many have survived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epidemiology

A

the study of how often and severity of disease occurances in populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of the federal agency responsible for keeping account of the spread of infections and diseases in our communities?

Where is the headquarters?

A

Center for Disease Control (CDC) & Prevention

Atlanta, GA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Portals of Entry (5)

Which is portal most used?

Non-Inclusive

A
  • Mouth
  • Skin
  • Nostrils (most frequented)
  • Eye
  • Ear
  • Anything with holes for entry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Portals of Exit (4)

Non-inclusive

A
  • Anal
  • Mouth (saliva)
  • Nostrils
  • Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Microbiota

A
  • Non-pathogenic microbes that naturally inhabit the human body
  • AKA normal flora
  • Can change from non-pathogenic to pathogenic when immune system is compromised (enodgenous infection)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endogenous Infections

A
  • Infections caused by bacteria that are already within our body
  • when normal, sterile/non-pathogenic flora becomes infected/pathogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Provide an example of endogenous infection

A
  • We all have HSV1 (non-pathogenic)
  • when we are stressed, they multiply and we grow blisters and cold sores from HSV1 (pathogenic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 types microbes that Microbiota are composed of?

A
  • Microflora (plant-like)
  • Microfauna (animal-like)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an example of Microflora?

A

fungal infection between our toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Probiotics

A

good microbes we encapsulate to take as supplements to increase the level of good bacteria in our body to help fight off the bad bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prebiotics

A

food that helps the good bacteria to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Exogenous Infection

A

when the bacteria comes from outside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Microbiome

A

totality of all genetic materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 2 types of pathogens?

Provide definitions

A
  • True: microbe that will cause infection in healthy individual
  • Opportunistic: microbe that will cause infection when the immune system is compromised
23
Q

How many lines of defense are there?

A

3

24
Q

What is required for microbes to cause infection?

A

they have to make contact with cells

25
Q

What are some structures that make up the 1st line of defense? (6)

A
  • skin
  • mucous membranes
  • mucosal cells
  • hairs on nostrils that trap microbes as we breathe in air
  • hairs of eyelashes
  • chemical in saliva (lysosomes that will kill most of the bacteria)
26
Q

What makes up the 2nd line of defense?(7)

A
  • lymphocytes (neutrophils, basophils, mast cells, NK Cells)
  • fever
  • inflammation
  • anti microbial peptides
  • iron binding proteins
  • complement system
  • interferon
27
Q

What makes up the 3rd line of defense?

A

Immune cells that target specific antigens (T and B cells)

28
Q

Innate Immunity

A

babies develop resistance to microbes in the environment

29
Q

Signs

A
  • observable by the observer (objective)
  • ex: rash
30
Q

Symptoms

A
  • Felt by the patient (subjective)
  • ex: You can’t see someone has a stomach ache. Can only go by what patient states
31
Q

Subclinical

A

asymptomatic (no signs or symptoms)

32
Q

Infectious Dose

A
  • minimum number of microbes required to initiate an infection
  • the lower the infectious dose, the more infectious/pathogenic the organism is
33
Q

What are the 4 stages of clinical infection?

A
  • Incubation
  • Prodromal
  • Invasion
  • Convalescent
34
Q

Incubation

A
  • 1st stage of clinical infection
  • initial entry of microbe into body
  • no multiplication yet, may be no initial signs or symptoms
35
Q

Prodromal

A
  • 2nd stage of clinical infection
  • microbes slightly start to multiply
  • still no infection
  • patient may have vague feeling of fatigue and the disesae incoming
36
Q

Invasion

A
  • 3rd stage of clinical infection
    -Infection has occured
  • signs and symptoms are apparent
  • Once infected, pateint my undergo mortility (death) or morbidity (survivial)
37
Q

Convalescent

A
  • 4th stage of clinical infection
  • Stage reached if patient survivied infection (morbidity)
  • microbes and symptoms decrease
38
Q

What are the microbe-free areas of the body?

A
  • Everywhere except the large-intestine (colon)
  • If there are microbes elsewhere, sign of infection
39
Q

What are the Patterns/Types of Infections? (9)

A
  • localized
  • systemic
  • focal
  • mixed/poly-microbial
  • primary
  • secondary
  • super
  • acute
  • chronic
40
Q

Localized Infection

A

infection is confined to a specific tissue or organ

41
Q

Systemic Infection

A

infection is carried by bodily system (ususally circulatory) to infect entire body

42
Q

Focal Infection

A

When microbe infects a tissue or organ, it breaks loose to infect another tissue or organ

43
Q

Mixed/Poly-microbial Infection

A

infection caused by more than one species of microbe

44
Q

Primary Infection

A

first time the microbe enters the body

45
Q

Secondary Infection

A
  • when a different type of microbe infects the body in a different tissue
  • ex: infection in ankle, then different microbe comes and infects the wrist
46
Q

Super Infection

A
  • infection develops after the administration of a drug
  • ex: take broad-spectrum drug that kills good bacteria
47
Q

Acute Infection

A
  • when the infection comes rapidly
  • usually severe (may kill a bunch) but very short lived
48
Q

Chronic Infection

A

infection carries over a long period of time (persists)

49
Q

Parasite

A
  • derives its nutritional need from host
  • can be harmful or nonharmful
50
Q

What are nosocomial infections?

AKA?

A
  • infections aquired during hospital stay
  • now called HAI (Healthcare Associated Infection)
51
Q

Drug Susceptibility Testing

AKA?

A
  • test that informs physician which drug to prescribe
  • AKA Kirby Bauer
52
Q

How are antibiotics produced?

A
  • Naturally secreted chemicals by microbes to inhibity or destroy other microbes
53
Q
A

Microbiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions