Identity and Personality Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Self-Concept
A
One’s internal list of answers to: “who am I”
2
Q
Self-Schema
A
Self-given label that carries a set of qualities
3
Q
What is the difference between self-concept and self-schema?
A
Self-concept goes beyond self-schema to encompass who we used to be and who we will become
4
Q
Does self-concept or self-schema include the future and past selves?
A
Self-concept
5
Q
Indentities
A
Individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong
6
Q
Androgyny
A
High masculinity and femininity
7
Q
Undifferentiated
A
Low masculinity and femininity
8
Q
Low masculinity and femininity
A
Undifferentiated
9
Q
High masculinity and femininity
A
Androgyny
10
Q
By what age is gender identity usually established?
A
Three
11
Q
Ethnicity
A
Identity one is born into in which members share ancestry, heritage, and language
12
Q
Nationality
A
Identity based on political borders
13
Q
Hierarchy of salience
A
Situations dictate which identities are most important to us at a given moment
14
Q
Self-discrepancy theory
A
Each person has three selves:
Actual Self
Ideal Self
Ought Self
15
Q
Actual self
A
The way we see ourselves as we currently are
16
Q
Ideal self
A
The person we would like to be
17
Q
Ought self
A
Our representation of the way others think we should be
18
Q
When is self-esteem high?
A
When all three selves are closely aligned
19
Q
Self-efficacy
A
Our belief in our ability to succeed
20
Q
Internal locus of control
A
One believes they can control what happens to them
21
Q
External locus of control
A
One believes outside factors control what happens to them
22
Q
Freud’s view of human development
A
Drive to reduce libido and libidinal tension is underlying dynamic force accounting for psychological development
23
Q
Fixation
A
Occurs when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during one of Freud’s developmental phases - leads to neurosis
24
Q
Oral stage age
A
0-1 year
25
Freud's first stage name and description
Oral stage - gratification by putting things in mouth, biting, sucking
26
Fixation during oral stage would lead to
Excessive dependency
27
Anal stage age
1-3 years
28
Freud's second stage name and description
Anal stage - libido is centered around anus, gratification through elimination and retention of waste
29
Fixation during anal stage would lead to
Excessive orderliness or sloppiness
30
Phallic or Oedipal stage age
3-5 years
31
Another name for phallic stage
Oedipal
32
Another name for oedipal stage
Phallic
33
Freud's third stage name and description
Phallic or Oedipal Stage - resolution of fixation with other-sex parent
34
Oedipal conflict
Male envies father's relationship with mother and fears castration - feels guilty about envy and emulate his father
35
Electra complex
Girls envy their mother's relationship with their father and have penis envy, displaying less stereotypically female behaviors
36
Latency stage age
5-puberty
37
When does latency start?
When the libido is sublimated
38
Freud's fourth stage name and description
Latency - sublimation of libido
39
Genital stage age
Puberty through adulthood
40
Freud's fifth stage name and description
Genital stage - one should enter into healthy heterosexual relationships
41
Who believed that drive to reduce libido and libidinal tension is underlying dynamic force accounting for psychological development
Freud
42
Erik Erikson view of pyschosocial development
Continued development of identity though resolution of conflicts between needs and social demands
43
Erikson first stage question and description
Can I trust the world?
Trust vs mistrust - learn to trust the world and oneself
44
Erikson second stage question and description
Is it ok to be me?
Autonomy vs shame and doubt - learn to exert control and choice / restraint
45
Erikson third stage question and description
Is it ok for me to do, move, act?
Initiative vs guilt - learn to work with a sense or purpose and enjoy accomplishment
46
Erikson fourth stage question and description
Can I make it in the world of people and things?
Industry vs inferiority - learn to affect the world as one desires
47
Erikson fifth stage question and description
Who am I, What can I be?
Identity vs role confusion - learn to see oneself as a unique and integrated person
48
Erikson sixth stage question and description
Can I love?
Intimacy vs isolation - Form intimate and committed relationships
49
Erikson seventh stage question and description
Can I make my life count?
Generativity vs stagnation - learn to feel like a productive and contributing member of society
50
Erikson eighth stage question and description
Is it ok to have been me?
Integrity vs despair - learn wisdom and assurance in the meaning of life
51
Erikson first stage age
0-1
52
Erikson second stage age
1-3
53
Erikson third stage age
3-6
54
Erikson fourth stage age
6-12
55
Erikson fifth stage age
12-20
56
Erikson sixth stage age
20-40
57
Erikson seventh stage age
40-65
58
Erikson eighth stage age
65+
59
Who believed in continued development of identity though resolution of conflicts between needs and social demands
Erik Erikson
60
Kohlberg theory of development focuses on?
Development of moral thinking
61
Who theorized on the development of moral thinking?
Kohlberg
62
What are the two phases of preconventional morality?
Obedience - Avoiding punishment
Self-interest - gaining rewards
63
What are the two phases of conventional morality?
Conformity - Seek approval of others
Law and order - maintains social order
64
What are the two phases of post conventional morality?
Social contract - concern for the greater good, focus on individual rights
Universal human ethics - consideration of abstract concepts
65
Who developed the zone of proximal development?
Vygotsky
66
Zone of proximal development
Skills that have not yet fully developed but are in the process of development
67
What is required to master a zone of proximal development?
More knowledgeable other
68
Theory of mind
Understanding how a friend is interpreting a story while you tell it
69
Looking-glass self
Others reflecting us back onto ourselves
70
Personality
Set of thoughts, feelings, traits and behaviors of an individual across time and location
71
What is the difference between personality and identity?
Identity - who we are
Personality - how we act and react
72
Psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories of personality
Believe there are unconscious internal states that motivate actions of individuals and determine personality
73
What theory of personality does Freud support?
Psychoanalytic
74
What are Freud's three major entities?
Id - Primal urges to reproduce (pleasure principle)
Ego - moderates the desires of the id and the superego according to reality principle
Superego - desires based on the ideal self
75
Which of Freud's entities participates in wish fulfillment?
Id
76
Wish fulfillment
Mental imagery to satisfy pent-up tension
77
Which of Freud's entities participates in reality principle?
Ego
78
Which of Freud's entities participates in pleasure principle?
Id
79
Reality principle
Takes into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits the id - postpone pleasure principle until satisfaction is feasible
80
What makes up the superego?
Conscience
| Ego-ideal
81
Conscience according to Freud?
Collection of improper actions for which a child is punished
82
Ego-ideal according to Freud?
Collection of proper actions for which a child is rewarded
83
Conscience is part of?
Superego
84
Ego-ideal is part of?
Superego
85
Freud definition of instinct
Innate psychological representation of a biological need
86
Eros
Life instincts
87
Thanatos
Death instincts
88
Repression
Unconscious forgetting by the ego
89
Supression
Deliberate form of moving undesired thoughts to the unconscious
90
Regression
Reversion to an earlier developmental state
91
Reaction formation
Unconscious conversion of urges to their exact opposite (saying you hate a celebrity you have a crush on but know you can't have)
92
Projection
Individuals attribute their undesired feelings to others
93
Rorschach inkblot test
Relies on the assumption that individuals project their unconscious feelings onto the shape
94
Thematic apperception test
Series of pictures presented to a client and they make up a story about each one - elucidate unconscious thoughts and feelings
95
Rationalization
Justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society
96
Displacement
Transference of an undesired urge from one person or object to another
97
Sublimation
Transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors
98
Who believes that we have a collective unconscious?
Carl Jung
99
Collective unconscious
System shared by all humans as a residue of the experiences of our early ancestors
100
Is anima feminine or masculine?
Feminine
101
Is animus feminine or masculine?
Masculine
102
Who originated the concept of an inferiority complex?
Adler
