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Work and Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Kinetic energy is?

A

Energy of motion

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2
Q

Equation for kinetic energy

A

K=0.5m(v^2)

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3
Q

Is kinetic energy related to speed or velocity and why?

A

Speed because direction doesn’t affect energy

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4
Q

Potential energy is?

A

Energy of an object’s position

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5
Q

Gravitational potential energy depends on?

A

An object’s position with respect to the ground

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6
Q

Equation for gravitational potential energy

A

U=mgh

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7
Q

Elastic potential energy depends on?

A

A spring compressed or stretched from equilibrium

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8
Q

Equation for elastic potential energy

A

U=0.5k(x^2)

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9
Q

What is total mechanical energy?

A

Kinetic + Potential Energy

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10
Q

What is a conservative force?

A

Do not dissipate energy

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11
Q

Work is?

A

The process by which energy is transferred from one system to another

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12
Q

Equation for work

A

F=F*d=Fdcos(theta)

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13
Q

SI unit for work

A

Joule = (kg*(m^2))/(s^2)

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14
Q

How is work measured on a pressure vs volume graph?

A

Area

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15
Q

What sign is work when gas expands?

A

Positive

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16
Q

What sign is work when gas compresses?

A

Negative

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17
Q

Isovolumetric process

A

Pressure of gas changes but volume does not

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18
Q

What is it called when pressure of gas changes but volume does not?

A

Isovolumetric or Isochoric

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19
Q

Isochoric process

A

Pressure of gas changes but volume does not

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20
Q

Isobaric process

A

Volume of gas changes but pressure does not

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21
Q

What is it called when volume of gas changes but pressure does not?

A

Isobaric

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22
Q

Power is?

A

The rate at which energy is transferred from one system to another

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23
Q

Power equation

A

P=(W/t)

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24
Q

SI unit of power

A

Watt=J/s

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25
Work-Energy Theorem Equation
W=change in kinetic energy
26
Equation for mechanical advantage
MA=(Fout)/(Fin) Fout= force on object by machine Fin= force applied by machine
27
Does heat flow between objects in thermal equilibrium?
No
28
Thermodynamic definition of temperature
Average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
29
Freezing point of water in K
273.15
30
F to C equation
F=1.8C+32
31
K to C equation
K=C+273
32
What is the relationship between length and temperature?
DeltaL=(alpha)(L)(deltaT) L is length alpha is coefficient of linear expansion T is temperature
33
What is the relationship between volume and temperature?
DeltaV=(beta)(V)(deltaT) L is volume alpha is coefficient of volumetric expansion T is temperature
34
Relationship between coefficient of linear and volumetric expansion
Beta=3alpha
35
What is an isolated system?
Cannot exchange energy or matter with surroundings
36
What is a closed system?
Capable of exchanging energy but not matter with the surroundings
37
What type of system is a gas vessel with a movable piston?
Closed system
38
What is an open system?
Can exchange both energy and matter with the surroundings
39
Are state functions path dependent or independent?
Independent
40
Are process functions path dependent or independent?
Dependent
41
Equation for change in internal energy
DeltaU=Q-W U is internal energy Q is head W is work
42
Positive change in internal energy is
Increasing temperature
43
Negative change in internal energy is
Decreasing temperature
44
Positive heat
Heat flows into system
45
Negative heat
Heat flows out of system
46
Sign of internal energy for increasing temperature
Positive
47
Sign of internal energy for decreasing temperature
Negative
48
Sign for heat flowing into a system
Positive
49
Sign for heat flowing out of a system
Negative
50
Positive work
Work done by the system (expansion)
51
Is work done by a system expansion or compression?
Expansion
52
Is work done on a system expansion or compression?
Compression
53
Negative work
Work done on the system (compression)
54
Sign for expansion work
Positive
55
Sign for compression work
Negative
56
Heat
Process by which a quantity of energy is transferred between two objects as a result of a difference in temperature
57
How much is one nutritional calorie and what is its symbol?
Calorie (with capital C) 1 Cal=1kcal
58
How many joules is a kcal?
4184 J
59
Conversion between joules and calories?
1kcal=4184J
60
What is a BTU?
British thermal unit | 1kcal=3.97 BTU
61
What are the three ways that heat can transfer?
Conduction Convection Radiation
62
Heat Conduction
Direct transfer of energy from molecule to molecule through molecular collisions
63
Does heat conduction require physical contact?
Yes
64
What type of energy transfer is touching a hot stove?
Conduction
65
Heat Convection
Transfer of heat by the physical motion of a fluid over a material
66
What phases can undergo convection?
Liquids and Gases
67
Can solids undergo convection?
No
68
What type of energy transfer is running cold water over a hot pan?
Convection
69
Heat radiation
Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
70
What type of energy transfer can perform in a vacuum?
Radiation
71
What defines the relationship between heat and temperature for a substance?
Specific Heat
72
What is specific heat?
Amount of energy required to raise one gram of a substance by one degree C or K
73
What are the units of specific heat?
cal/(g*K)
74
Does phase affect specific heat?
Yes
75
Specific heat of water
1cal/(g*K)
76
Equation for heat as it relates to change in temperature
q=mc(DeltaT)
77
Does a substance change temperature during a phase change?
No
78
Equation for heat during a phase change
q=mL | L is the heat of transformation
79
What is the heat of fusion?
Heat of transformation at the freezing/melting point
80
What is the heat of vaporization?
Heat of transformation at the boiling point
81
What are the characteristics of an isothermic process?
Constant temperature, no change in internal energy
82
What are the characteristics of an adiabatic process?
No heat exchange
83
What are the characteristics of an isochoric process?
No change in volume, no work done
84
What are the characteristics of an isobaric process?
Constant pressure
85
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Objects in thermal contact and not thermal equilibrium will exchange heat energy such that the object with a higher temperature will give off heat energy to the object with a lower temperature until they are both the same temperature
86
Entropy
Measure of the spontaneous dispersal of energy at a specific temperature
87
Equation for change in entropy
DeltaS=Q/T | Q is heat gained or lost in a reversible process
88
Units of entropy
J/(mol*K)
89
What is Ohm's Law?
Voltage = current * resistance
90
How is power related to current and resistance?
P=current*voltage=(current^2)*resistance=(voltage^2)/resistance
91
How are resistors in series calculated?
Additive
92
Do conductors have high or low resistance?
Low
93
Do insulators have high or low resistance?
High
94
How does temperature impact resistance?
Increased temperature increased resistance in conctors
95
Equation for resistance with length and area
R=(resistivity*L)/A

MCAT (31 decks)

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