Psych Disorders Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Biomedical Approach
A
Takes into account only the physical and medical causes, treatments are of a biomedical nature
2
Q
Biopsychosocial Approach
A
Consider relative contributions of biological, psychological, and social components of a disorder - treatments fall in all three categories
3
Q
Schizophrenia diagnosis
A
Show signs of disturbance for more than 6 months and at least one month of active symptoms such as hallucinations
4
Q
Psychotic disorder
A
Suffer from one or more of: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia
5
Q
Prototypical psychotic disorder
A
Schizophrenia
6
Q
Positive symptoms
A
Add something to behavior: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or thought
7
Q
Is a hallucination a positive or negative symptom?
A
Positive
8
Q
Negative symptoms
A
Loss of something from behavior such as a disturbance of affect and avolition
9
Q
Delusions
A
False beliefs discordance with reality and not shared by others
10
Q
Are delusions positive or negative symptoms?
A
Positive
11
Q
Delusions of reference
A
Belief that common elements in the environment are directed towards the individual
12
Q
Delusions of persecution
A
Belief that the person is being directly interfered with, plotted against, etc
13
Q
What type of delusions are common in bipolar disease I?
A
Delusions of grandeur
14
Q
Delusions of grandeur
A
Belief that one is remarkable in some significant way
15
Q
Thought broadcasting
A
Belief that one’s thoughts are broadcast direct from their mind to the world
16
Q
Thought insertion
A
Belief that thoughts are being placed in one’s head
17
Q
Hallucinations
A
Perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality
18
Q
Neologisms
A
Invention of new words
19
Q
Catatonia
A
Certain motor movements characteristic of schizophrenia:
Significant reduction of spontaneous movement or maintenance of a rigid posture or useless and bizarre movements
20
Q
Echolalia
A
Repeating another’s words
21
Q
Echopraxia
A
Imitating another’s actions
22
Q
Avolition
A
Decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-oriented actions
23
Q
Prodromal phase
A
Poor adjustment prior to diagnosis of schizophrenia which is exemplified by deterioration, social withdrawal, peculiar behavior, and inappropriate affect
24
Q
Is schizophrenia prognosis better if the onset is sudden or slow?
A
Sudden
25
Major depressive disorder
Mood disorder characterized by at least one major depressive episode
26
Major depressive episode (name 5 symptoms)
Period of two weeks with at least five of the following symptoms that cause significant distress or impairment:
- Prominent and persistent depressed mood
- Anhedonia (loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities)
- Appetite disturbance
- Weight changes
- Sleep disturbances
- Decreased energy
- Worthlessness or guilt feelings
- Difficulty concentrating
- Death thoughts or attempted suicide
27
Anhedonia
Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
28
What MUST be present for a major depressive episode?
Depressed mood or anhedonia
29
Persistent depressive disorder
Patients who suffer from a depressed mood that isn't severe enough to classify as MDD most of the time for at least two years
30
Dysthymia
Depressed mood that isn't severe enough to classify as MDD most of the time for at least two years
31
Seasonal affective disorder
MDD with seasonal onset
32
Manic episodes
Abnormal and persistently elevated mood for at least one week with at least three of:
- Distractibility
- Decreased need for sleep
- Inflated self-esteem
- Racing thoughts
- Goal-directed activity or agitation
- Pressure speech and talkativeness
- Involvement in high risk behavior
33
Are manic or depressive episodes usually longer?
Depressive
34
Do manic or depressive episodes usually have a faster onset?
Manic
35
Hypomania
More energy and optimism but doesn't impair functioning and no psychotic features
36
Difference between bipolar I and II?
I - manic episodes with or without major depressive episodes
II - hypomania with at least one major depressive episode
37
Cyclothymic Disorder
Combination of hypomanic episodes and periods of dysthymia
38
Monoamine theory of depression is also known as
Catecholamine theory of depression
39
Catecholamine theory of depression is also known as
Monoamine theory of depression
40
Mono/catecholamine theory of depression
Too much norepi and serotonin in the synapse can lead to mania while too little leads to depression
41
Which neurotransmitters specifically and which class are thought to be involved in mood disorders?
Norepi and Serotinin
| Catecholamines / Monoamines
42
Generalized anxiety disorder
Disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months
43
How long do symptoms need to exist for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
Six Months
44
How long do symptoms need to exist for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder?
Six Months
45
What metabolic disease could present similarly to anxiety and why?
Hyperthyroidism - increased metabolism might create anxiety-like symptoms
46
Specific phobia
Irrational fear that results in a compelling desire to avoid it and focused on a specific object or situation
47
Social anxiety disorder
Anxiety due to social situations - party, public restroom, speech
48
Agoraphobia
Fear of places where it might be difficult to escape - might not leave home for fear of an anxiety attack
49
Panic disorder
Repeated panic attacks which include the symptoms of:
- Fear
- Trembling
- Sweating
- Hyperventilation
- Sense of unreality
50
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Characterized by obsessions that cause tension and compulsions that release that tension but impair one's life
51
What are obsessions?
Persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses
52
What are compulsions?
Repetitive tasks
53
Body dysmorphic disorder
Unrealistic negative evaluation of his or her personal appearance, usually directed at one body part
54
Intrusion symptoms
Recurrent reliving of a traumatic event, flashbacks, nightmares, and prolonged distress
55
Avoidance symptoms
Deliberate attempts to avoid people, memories, place, and activities associated with trauma
56
Negative cognitive symptoms
Negative mood or emotions, inability to recall details of event, feeling distanced from others
57
Arousal symptoms
Increased startle response, irritability, self-destructive or reckless behavior, and sleep disturbances
58
Dissociative amnesia
Inability to recall past experiences
59
Dissociative fugue
Sudden, unexpected move or purposeless wandering away from home/work
60
Dissociative identity disorder
Two or more personalities recurrently take over a persons behavior
61
Depersonalization disorder
Individuals feel detached from their own mind and body
62
Derealization disorder
Individuals feel detached from their surroundings
63
Somatic symptom disorder
Individuals have at least one somatic symptom that is accompanies by disproportionate concerns about its seriousness
64
Illness anxiety disorder
Consumed with thoughts about having developed a serious medical condition
65
Implications of illness anxiety disorder
Excessively check oneself for signs of illness or avoid medical appointments altogether
66
What is the difference between somatic symptom and illness anxiety disorders?
Somatic has at least one bodily symptom while illness anxiety does not have symptoms
67
Conversion Disorder
Unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions some amount of time after a traumatic event
68
What does someone who goes blind without evidence of neurologic damage likely have?
Conversion disorder
69
La belle indifference
Someone with conversion disorder might be surprisingly unconcerned about their severe symptoms
70
Ego-syntonic
One with a personality disorder and perceives his or her behavior as normal
71
Ego-dystonic
One with some psych disorders who see their illness as something thrust upon them and is intrusive and bothersome
72
Personality disorder
Pattern of behavior that is inflexible, maladaptive, and causing distress or impairment
73
Cluster A personality disorders
Marked by behavior that is odd or eccentric
74
Which cluster does paranoid personality disorder fall within?
A
75
Which cluster does schizotypal personality disorder fall within?
A
76
Which cluster does schizoid personality disorder fall within?
A
77
Paranoid personality disorder
Pervasive distrust of others
78
Schizotypal personality disorder
Ideas of reference and magical thinking (such as superstitions)
79
Schizoid personality disorder
Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression
80
Cluster B personality disorders
Marked by behavior that is dramatic, emotional, or erratic
81
Which cluster does antisocial personality disorder fall within?
B
82
Which cluster does borderline personality disorder fall within?
B
83
Which cluster does histrionic personality disorder fall within?
B
84
Which cluster does narcissistic personality disorder fall within?
B
85
Antisocial personality disorder
Pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
86
Is antisocial personality disorder more common in males or females?
Males
87
What personality disorder would you find in high proportions in prison?
Antisocial personality disorder
88
Borderline personality disorder
Pervasive instability in interpersonal behavior, mood, and self-image
89
Is borderline personality disorder more common in males or females?
Females
90
Splitting is seen in what personality disorder?
Borderline personality disorder
91
Splitting is?
View others as all good or all bad as a defense mechanism
92
Histrionic personality disorder
Constant attention-seeking behavior
93
Narcissistic personality disorder
One has a grandiose sense of self-importance or uniqueness, preoccupations with fantasies of success, need for constant attention
94
Cluster C personality disorders
Marked by behavior that is labeled as anxious or fearful by others
95
Which cluster does avoidant personality disorder fall within?
C
96
Which cluster does dependent personality disorder fall within?
C
97
Which cluster does obsessive-compulsive personality disorder fall within?
C
98
Avoidant personality disorder
Affected individual has extreme shyness and fear of rejection
99
Dependent personality disorder
Continuous need for reassurance
100
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Individual is a perfectionist and inflexible, tending to like rules and order
101
What is the difference between OCD and OCPD?
OCD is ego-dystonic (I can't stop washing my hands because of the germs) while OCPD is ego-syntonic (I just like rules) and OCPD is lifelong
102
Is schizophrenia associated with excess of absence of dopamine?
Excess
103
Bradykinesia
Slowness in movement
104
Cogwheel rigidity
Muscle tension that intermittently halts movement as an examiner attempts to manipulate a limb
105
Is Parkinsons associated with excess of absence of dopamine?
Absence
106
How long do symptoms need to last for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder?
2 weeks
