DNA

Question 1

Nucleoside

Answer 1

Pentose sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base at C1

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

One or more phosphate groups attached to the C5 of the pentose sugar of the nucleoside

Question 3

Difference between ribose and deoxyribose

Answer 3

Ribose is a 5 atom ring with four C and O at the top.
-CH2-OH is bound to C4 and -OH bound to C2 and C3
Deoxyribose is the same without the -OH on C2

Question 4

Does breaking bonds between phosphate groups in ATP release or require energy?

Answer 4

Releases energy (exothermic) due to negative charges in close proximity

Question 5

Is T found in DNA or RNA?

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

Is U found in DNA or RNA?

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

Are DNA and RNA positively or negatively charged and why?

Answer 7

Negative - phosphate groups

Question 8

What direction is DNA read?

Answer 8

5’ to 3’

Question 9

How is the backbone of DNA created?

Answer 9

Phosphate group links the 3’ C of one ribose to the 5’ of the next

Question 10

What is found on the 3’ end of DNA?

Answer 10

-OH on C3

Question 11

What is found on the 5’ end of DNA?

Answer 11

-OH or phosphate group attached to C5

Question 12

What direction is DNA written?

Answer 12

5’ to 3’

Question 13

How many rings do purines have?

Answer 13

Two

Question 14

Which bases are purines?

Answer 14

A and G

Question 15

How many rings do pyrimidines have?

Answer 15

Three

Question 16

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 16

C, T, U

Question 17

Huckel’s rule

Answer 17

Aromatic compounds have 4n+2 pi electrons

Question 18

Antiparallel

Answer 18

Two strands of DNA are oriented in opposite directions

Question 19

How many bonds exist between A and T?

Answer 19

Two

Question 20

How many bonds exist between C and G?

Answer 20

Three

Question 21

Chargaff’s rules

Answer 21

Same amount of purines and pyrimidines in a DNA strand due to complementary base pairing

Question 22

B-DNA

Answer 22

Right-handed helix with a turn every 10bp and 3.4 nm

Question 23

Z-DNA

Answer 23

Left-handed helix with a turn every 12 bp and 4.6 nm

Question 24

Replisome is also known as

Answer 24

Replication complex

Question 25

Replication complex is also known as

Answer 25

Replisome

Question 26

Replisome / replication complex

Answer 26

Set of specialized proteins that assist the DNA polymerases

Question 27

How does the number of origins of replication distinguish between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 27

Prokaryotes have one, eukaryotes have MANY

Question 28

Helicase

Answer 28

Enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA ahead of DNA polymerase

Question 29

Single-stranded binding proteins

Answer 29

Bind to the unraveled strand to prevent reassociation of the DNA and prevent degradation by nucleases

Question 30

Topoisomerases

Answer 30

Relieve stress from supercoiling by nicking the strands and then sealing them

Question 31

Semiconservative

Answer 31

In each new DNA strand, one strand is parent and one is daughter DNA

Question 32

DNA polymerase

Answer 32

Reads the parent DNA strand and synthesizes new daughter strand

Question 33

In what direction does DNA polymerase read and create new DNA strands?

Answer 33

Reads the parent 3' to 5' and creates the new strand 5' to 3'

Question 34

Does the leading or lagging strand have more RNA primers?

Answer 34

Lagging

Question 35

Okazaki fragments

Answer 35

Small strands produced on the lagging strand due to uni-directionality of DNA polymerase

Question 36

Is DNA polymerase III found in eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 36

Pro

Question 37

Do prokaryotic cells have telomeres?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Do eukaryotic cells have telomeres?

Answer 38

Yes