immune system qs Flashcards

(54 cards)

1
Q

Leukocytes are recruited to the site of tissue injury by what?

A

chemokines

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2
Q

Which class of MHC would be important for generating antibodies?

A

MHC II

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3
Q

And which class of MHC would be important for cell-mediated cytotoxicity?

A

MHC I

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4
Q

Which subset of T lymphocytes would promote a cytotoxic T cell response?

A

Th1

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5
Q

which is the least common white cell in the blood and functionally very similar to mast cells

A

basophils

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6
Q

which cells do phagocytosis

A

macrophage
neutrophils
dendritic cells

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7
Q

stages of phagocytosis

A

1) attachment
2) ingestion
3) killing
4) degradation

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8
Q

which cell is a major constituent of pus

A

neutrophils

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9
Q

pus

A

pus is an exudate formed at the site of infection–> contains many neutrophils. Neutrophils drawn to the site of infection by chemokines

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10
Q

what is an example of an acute phase protein

A

c-reactive protein

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11
Q

where is c-reaction protein made

A

liver

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12
Q

what is C-reactive protein

A

an important marker of inflammation used clinically to assess inflammation and to monitor its response to treatment

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13
Q

what is an acute phase protein

A

a class of proteins whose plasma conc increase or decrease in response to inflammation

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14
Q

which components of the immune system can prevent bacterial pathogens present at a mucosal surface from entering the body?

A

antibodies: IgA

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15
Q

classical pathway of the complement system is started by

A

antigen-antibody complexes activating C1

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16
Q

three pathways of complement system

A

1) classical
2) MB-Lectin
3) alternative pathways

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17
Q

MB lectin pathway started by

A

Mannose-Binding lectin binds to mannose on the pathogen surface

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18
Q

Alternative pathway started by

A

pathogen surfaces

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19
Q

membrane attack complex in complement system mediates its actions pathogens by

A

osmotic lysis

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20
Q

which physical barrier causes you to sneeze

A

hairs

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21
Q

Innate barrier systems

A

antimicrobial factors in saliva, mucus, cilia, skin, rapid pH change, acid
pH and commensals of vagina, flushing of urinary tract, lysosomes in tears and other secretions

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22
Q

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

23
Q

PAMPS

A

are recognised by pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system

24
Q

TLR

A

toll like receptors

25
which immunoglobulin is most common in colostrum (early milk)
IgA
26
IgA
- breast milk antibodies are mostly IgA - secreted antibodies and specialised for defending body surfaces - they adhere to the infants gut wall where they form strong line of defence against a range of pathogens - also screwed on musical linings and in tears
27
where is IgA also secretd
mucosal lining and in tears
28
what type of immunities the transfer of IgA from the mothers milk to the baby
passive natural
29
example of passive natural
-placental transfer of IgG
30
passive natural
IgA in milk
31
passive artificial
injection of immunoglobulin
32
active natural
infection
33
active artificial
vaccination
34
types of vaccines
- -> non pathogenic microbe (attenuated, killed) - -> part of organism - -> DNA coding for part of organism
35
which type of cells produce antibodies
plasma cells
36
antibody production
- B cell binds to antigen - gets activated by T helper cell - becomes a plasma cell - produces antibodies
37
which antibody is a pentamer
IgM
38
types of antibody
IgG, IgE, IgD, IgM, IgA
39
which antibody is important for an anti-parasitic response
IgE
40
lymphoid progenitor cells travel to which organ to become T lymphocytes
thymus
41
T cells
produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus
42
B cells
produced in the bone marrow and mature in the spleen or other secondary lymphoid organs
43
IgG
- neutralisation of microbes and toxins - opsonization of antigens for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils - activation of the classical pathway of complement - antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells - neonatal immunity: transfer of maternal antibody across placenta and gut - feedback inhibition of B cell activation
44
IgM
activation of the classical pathway of complement
45
IgA
mucosal immunity: secretion of IgA into lumens of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, neutralisation of microbes and toxins
46
IgE
defence against helminths | -mast cell degranulation (immediate hypersensitivity reactions)
47
Natural killer cells are members of which family
lymphocytes
48
lymphocytes
include NK cells, cytotoxic T cells, T cells, B cells. they are the main type of cell found in the lymph
49
a patient presents with a bacterial infection characterised by fever. this fever is due to which of the following
cytokines produced by phagocytes
50
what is another name for CD4 T cells
t helper cell
51
T cells
Th1, Th2, Th17. regulatory T cell, Naive CD4 T cell
52
TH1 CELLS (IFN-GAMMA)
host defence : many microbes. systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases
53
TH2 cells (IL-4, IL-5)
host define: helminths. allergic diseases
54
TH17 cells (lL-17)
host defence: fungi, bacteria, organ specific autoimmune diseases