last min hardd Flashcards

1
Q

asthma is an ….. condition

A

obstructive

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2
Q

obstructive

A

includes conditions which make it hard to exhale all air in the lungs –> narrowing of airways –> comes out more slowly–> but should fully empty

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3
Q

examples of obstructive

A

COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, CF

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4
Q

restrictive

A

difficulty fully expanding their lung with air. e.g. stiffness of the lungs- fibrosis

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5
Q

normal breathing rate

A

12-20 breaths a min

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6
Q

normal % oxygenation of Hb

A

between 95-100

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7
Q

+ve pressure breathing

A

respiratory therapy treatment for people who are hypoventilating. While not a preferred method due to cost, IPPB is used to expand the lungs, deliver aerosol medications, and in some circumstances ventilate the patient.

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8
Q

insulin comes from

A

beta langerhans - binds to tyrosine kinase receptor

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9
Q

B1 adrenergic receptor is a

A

GPCR

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10
Q

what type of drug is Bisoprolol

A

B blocker

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11
Q

B blocker

A

1) reduces HR 2) decreases contractility 3) reduced renin release

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12
Q

stimulation of B receptors

A

increase in cAMP, increase in HR, increase in contractility

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13
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

lower BP

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14
Q

Example of an ACE inhibitor

A

ramipril

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15
Q

angiotensin receptor blocker

A

Iosartan

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16
Q

example of a loop diuretic

A

furosemide

17
Q

furosemide

A

results in depletion of filtered Na+ within the filtrate upstream of macula densa cells (DCT), therefore macula densa cells sense less sodium in the filtrate - renin release

18
Q

preganglionic axon terminal release of ACH is true for

A

both parasympathetic and sympathetic neurones

19
Q

cholecystokinin

A

reduces gastric emptying, released when fat and protein in s intestine

20
Q

what is released when fat and protein are in s intestine

A

cholecystokinin