Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Integrated clinical studies > peripheral nervous system > Flashcards

peripheral nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

parts of the pns

A

somatic and autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two parts of autonomic

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

somatic

A

voluntary control (efferent neurones and skeletal muscle)–> also mediates involuntary reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

autonomic

A

unconscious- visceral (inside body organs) e.g. HR, digestion etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

main NT and receptors in PNS

A

ACH
2 types of receptors however only nicotinic in PNS

also adrenergic receptors found in autonomic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

myelin sheath

A

made up of schwann cells in the PNS (type of glial cell)
-insulates neurones and causes saltatory conduction where impulses jump from nodes of ranvier to nodes of ranvier. increases conductance velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are SNARE mediated neurotransmitters?

A

small abundant , tailed anchored proteins which r often post transitionary inserted into membranes via a c-terminal transmembrane demain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

role of SNARE proteins

A

mediate vesical fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SNARE mechanism

A

Ca2+ dependent exocytosis
As AP reaches synapse, depolarisations cases Ca2+ channels to open and Ca2+ to flood in.

Calcium causes various varieties of SNARE proteins to ‘pull’ the vesicles to the membrane surface where they can release their content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is an AP transmitted across a synapse

A
  1. AP reaches presynaptic knob
  2. this causes Ca2+ channels to open,, due to Na+ channels being open
  3. Calcium causes th vesicles to move to the membrane via calcium dependent exocytosis (SNARE proteins)
  4. once fused, NT is released and crosses the synaptic cleft
  5. NT will enter complementary inotropic channels and cause them to open
  6. Na+ will enter the post synaptic neurone and cause depolarisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diff between norma synapse and bw regular neuromuscular junction

A

NMJ- interaction between neurone and muscle q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

role of summation

A

-prevents fatigue
the process which determines whether or not an AP will be triggered by the combined effects of excitatory and inhibitory signals
two types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

two types of summation

A

temporal

spatial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spatial

A

a way of achieving the threshold potential via input from multiple presynaptic neurones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

temporal

A

a high frequency of APs in the presynaptic neurone elicits postsynaptic potentials that overlap and summate with each other. The higher the frequency the higher the chance that the threshold will be reached.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is ACH made

A

acetyl cholinetransferase from acetyl co A and choline in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is ACH broken down

A

by acetyl cholinesterase - to choline and ethnic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where is ACH stored

A

stores in vesicles in neurones (highest conc is in the terminal ends)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are thermoTRP channels

A

6 transmembrane channel found on the c.s.m which is involved in temp perception–> ion channels. Activated and opened by heat. Diff type of TRP channel for different types of temp e.g. dangerous temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 diff receptors

A

chemo
there
mechano
photo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

nocieptive

A

a sensory nerve cell that responds to damaging or dangerous stimuli by sending signals to the brain and spinal cord–> nociception. They are found in any area of the body which can ease noxious stimuli.

Nociceptive neurones travel down spinal cord where they form synapses at the dorsal horn–> reflex mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

afferent

A

conduction signals towards cns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

efferent

A

conducting signals away from cns

24
Q

role of glial cells

A

1) maintain homeostasis
2) forms myelin
3) provide support and protection

25
Q

types of glial cells

A

schwann(PNS)
oligodendrites (CNS)
Astrocytes–> from links to the vascular system
microglia–> phagocytose damage

26
Q

types of junctions between cells

A

tight, gap and synapses

27
Q

tight junctions

A

join mem. together restricting extracellular movement

28
Q

gap junctions

A

small protein channels directly attaching cells

29
Q

sypases

A

transmit chemical signals from one neurone to another

30
Q

at rest cells are more permeable to

A

K+ due to voltage channels and sodium potassium pump

31
Q

why do K+ ions not leave the cells down their conc gradient

A

large anions (proteins, nucleotides and phosphate bound as ATP) cannot follow, so negative poetical is established inside the membrane

32
Q

resting potential

A

-70mV

33
Q

opening of K+ or Cl- channels wil

A

increase mem. potential (-ve)

34
Q

opening Ca2+ or na+ will

A

decrease mem. potential (more +ve)

35
Q

mechanism of an AP

A

1) stimuli causes bolatge gates Na+ channels to open. causing mem. potential to decrease and depolarise
2) at +40 these channels close and K+ channels open
3) at first too many Na+ and K+ leave he cell causing hyper polarisation
4) Na+/K+ pump re-establishes rating state

36
Q

na+/K+ pump

A

3 Na out for every 2K in

37
Q

characteristics of an AP

A

all or nothing
discrete
unidirectional

38
Q

autonomic neuroneshave..

A

pre and post ganglionic parts of the axons

39
Q

types of receptors

A

channels linked

enzyme linked

g-protein couples

intracellular receptors

40
Q

equilibrium potential

A

at this mem. potential, there is no net flow of ions across the mem.

41
Q

nerst equation

A

bb

42
Q

how is info encoded

A

not through amplitude but through frequency

43
Q

what inhibits the synapses

A

bochelinism, tents and txt–> all effect snare proteins and therefore the release of NT

44
Q

top are activated by heat as well as…

A

capssaicin

45
Q

reflexes are

A

rapid, unlearned, unpremeditated and INVOLUNTARY

46
Q

two types of reflex

A

somatic–> skeletal muscle

autonomic –> visceral

47
Q

visceral effectors

A

s.muscle, cardiac muscle, glands –> activated by conditions in internal enviornments

48
Q

process of a reflex

A

1) receptor- dendrites respond to stimuli
2) sensory–> conducts impulse from a receptor to axon terminals in the CNS
3) intermediate –> between sensory and motor–> integrating centre
4) motor neurone - from CNS to effector
5) effector- body part which responds to motor neurone impulse

49
Q

reflexes are important because

A

They protect us from danger, they help us move our body, they help us see

50
Q

autonomic neurones have

A

pre and post ganglionic parts

51
Q

parasympathetic neurones use

A

ACh

52
Q

sympathetic neurones use

A

noradrenaline and adrenaline

53
Q

noradrenaline

A

heart

54
Q

ACh

A

muscarinic

55
Q

NA/Adr

A

nicotinic

56
Q

types of cell junction

A

tight, gap, desmosome

Integrated clinical studies (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions