Inheritance

Question 1

What is dawrins theory of natural selection

Answer 1

Idea that individuals with helpful traits survive and pass those traits to their offspring

Question 2

What causes variation in a population

Answer 2

Natural differences in traits among individuals

Question 3

What is a fitness advantage

Answer 3

Trait that helps an individual survive and reproduce better than others (e.g. longer necks in giraffes)

Question 4

Who is Greg Mendel

Answer 4

priest in Brno (Austrian empire now in Czech Republic)

Question 5

When was gregor mendel returned to monastery

Answer 5

1853

Question 6

Why are pea plants good for studying inheritance

Answer 6

clear traits
big families
grow fast
easy to control for mating

Question 7

What makes pea plant traits easy to study

Answer 7

show clear differences in traits like flower colour or seed shape

Question 8

Why are large family sizes in pea plants helpful

Answer 8

More offspring make it easier to see inheritance patterns

Question 9

How can mating be controlled in pea plants

Answer 9

Their male part can be removed so pollen from another plant can be added

Question 10

What are the male and female sex organs in pea flowers

Answer 10

Stamens = make pollen
Pistils = make eggs

Question 11

7 characteristics of pea plant varieties he used

Answer 11

plant height
pod shape and colour
seed shape and colour
flower position and colour

Question 12

What is a character in genetics definition

Answer 12

An observable physical feature

Question 13

What is a trait

Answer 13

specific form of a character (round or wrinked seeds)

Question 14

What is the parental generation (P)

Answer 14

The first two plants that are crossed in an experiment

Question 15

What is the F1 generation

Answer 15

first generation of offspring from the parental cross

Question 16

What is the F2 generation

Answer 16

offspring from self-pollinated F1 plants

Question 17

How did Mendel study inheritance

Answer 17

He removed stamens to cross different plants, then counted and observed traits in the F1 and F2 generations

Question 18

WHat is a single character cross

Answer 18

genetic cross that studies just one feature like seed shape

Question 19

What did mendel observe in F1 generation

Answer 19

only one of the two traits appeared (round seeds not wrinkled)

Question 20

What happened when F1 plants self pollinated

Answer 20

F2 generation has 3:1 ratio
3/4 showed F1
1/4 showed hidden trait

Question 21

What is a dominant trait

Answer 21

trait appears in F1 gen and is more common in F2

Question 22

What is a recessive trait

Answer 22

trait hidden in F1 but appears in F2

Question 23

What are alleles

Answer 23

different versions of a gene
R = round
r = wrinkled

Question 24

What does the Law of Segregation state

Answer 24

Each individual passes on only one of their two gene copies to each gamete

Question 25

When does segregation of alleles occur

Answer 25

during meiosis (formation of eggs or sperm)

Question 26

what alleles fo Rr parents pass on

Answer 26

half gametes R half r

Question 27

How many gene copies does a zygote have

Answer 27

two one from each parent

Question 28

What happens when you cross RR x rr

Answer 28

all offspring Rr heterozygous and show the round trait

Question 29

Why do all F1 plants show the round trait?

Answer 29

R dominant r recessive

Question 30

What happens when Rr plants self pollinate

Answer 30

their offspring can be RR, Rr or rr

Question 31

What are the trait ratios in the F2 generation from Rr x Rr

Answer 31

3/4 of seeds are round 1/4 wrinkled (rr)

Question 32

Monogenic condition

Answer 32

disease caused by a change in a single gene

Question 33

How can disease-causing allele act

Answer 33

act in dominant or recessive

Question 34

What does dominant inheritance mean

Answer 34

only one copy of disease allele is needed to have the condition

Question 35

If parent has Aa what are the changes of passing on allele

Answer 35

50%

Question 36

Will a child who inherits A have the condition

Answer 36

Yes they will have the condition