Issues With Research in Developmental Psychology Flashcards
(14 cards)
What was the impact of Watson’s parenting book (1928)?
Popular but damaging; discouraged maternal affection and claimed it could ruin a child’s future happiness, influencing generations of parenting.
Who were key figures that challenged Watson’s views?
• René Spitz: Studied institutionalised infants; showed emotional neglect caused harm.
• John Bowlby: Developed attachment theory; emphasised maternal care.
• Benjamin Spock: Wrote a parenting book encouraging trust in parental instincts.
What did Harry Harlow’s monkey experiments show?
Infant monkeys preferred soft, comforting “mothers” over wire ones with food—highlighting the importance of comfort and attachment.
What are common animal models of early life stress?
• Maternal separation
• Maternal corticosterone exposure
• Limited bedding/nesting materials
What does maternal separation in rodents simulate?
Early life adversity; leads to elevated stress hormones and altered fear learning in pups.
What is the effect of ELS on infantile amnesia?
ELS disrupts infantile amnesia, causing early emergence of adult-like fear responses.
What maternal behaviours are considered “good” in rodent studies?
Licking/grooming and arched-back nursing.
What behaviours are considered “bad” or neglectful?
Passive nursing, no contact, rough handling, and avoidance.
What does limited bedding do to maternal behaviour?
Increases stress and leads to more abusive or neglectful behaviours.
How does developmental psychology contribute to maternal anxiety today?
Misinterpreted research fuels guilt and fear in parents via media and cultural expectations.
What are examples of modern maternal stressors?
Conflicting advice on screen time, diet, co-sleeping, breastfeeding, and stress during pregnancy.
What is the “good enough parent” concept?
Coined by Donald Winnicott; most parents provide sufficient care for healthy development.
Why is objectivity in developmental research difficult?
Research is influenced by cultural biases, expectations, and the desire for publishable results.
Why is critical thinking important in interpreting developmental research?
To avoid overgeneralising or misapplying findings, especially in media and policy.
