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Theriogenology (Fall 2014) > L18: Small Ruminant Theriogenology Pt.1 (Pozor) > Flashcards

L18: Small Ruminant Theriogenology Pt.1 (Pozor) Flashcards

1
Q

age rams reach puberty

A

6 mo. (as early as 3 mo, depending on breed)

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2
Q

age ewes reach puberty

A

5-7 mo. (as early as 3 mo, depending on breed)

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3
Q

age bucks reach puberty

A

6 mo.

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4
Q

age pigmy goats reach puberty

A

2-3 mo.

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5
Q

age does reach puberty

A

5-7 mo.

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6
Q

age of first breeding for sheep and goats

A

6-8 mo., or when 60-70% of mature BW

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7
Q

length of estrous cycle in sheep

A

17 days

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8
Q

length of estrous cycle in goats

A

21 days

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9
Q

duration of estrus in sheep

A

24-36 hrs

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10
Q

duration of estrus in goat

A

12-36hrs

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11
Q

time of ovulation in sheep

A

24-30 hrs from onset of estrus

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12
Q

time of ovulation in goats

A

30-36 hrs from onset of estrus

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13
Q

optimal breeding time for sheep

A

towards end of estrus

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14
Q

optimal breeding time for goats

A

at acceptance of buck (24 hrs) and again in 12 hrs

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15
Q

sheep/goats long or short day breeders?

A

short (~sep-jan); some breeds more seasonal than others

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16
Q

when is anovulatory season?

A

jan-june (after ovulatory season)

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17
Q

when is transitional season?

A

june-sep (before ovulatory season)

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18
Q

manipulations of the estrous cycle

A
  • induction of estrus during transition or anovulatory season (goal = 3 pregnancies in 2 years)
  • synchronization of estrus during ovulatory season
  • increasing prolifacy (goal = homogenous crop of twins)
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19
Q

How to induce estrus during transition or anovulatory season?

A
  • progestagen/progesterone impregnated vaginal devices
  • eCG injection
  • ram effect
  • melatonin (tricks animal into thinking its dark outside)
  • manipulating length of daylight
20
Q

“hormone of darkness”

A

melatonin

-can advance breeding season by 4 weeks

21
Q

how do progestagen/progesterone impregnated vaginal devices work?

A
  • stops estrous cycle until everyone else “catches up” then take it out and will be synchronized
  • mimic CL function
  • note: progestagen is a synthetic substance that has similar effects as progesterone
  • 2 examples of devices: intravaginal CIDR (approved), sponges with progestagens (not approved)
22
Q

eCG

A

equine chorionic gonadotropin

  • secreted by endometrial cups
  • fx in fuminants: induces follicular growth**
  • fx in horses: acts like LH to stimulate ovulation**
  • can give an injection of it when trying to induce estrus during transition or anovulatory season
23
Q

sheep/goat breeding management protocol

A

insert CIDR or sponge device, then remove 12-14d later and give eCG injection. Follow with one or multiple AI/matings 50-60 hrs later (DNK timings)
-CIDR or sponge in for shorter period of time in goats

24
Q

What is a CIDR?

A

medicl silicone elastomer over a nylon core impregnated with natural progesterone
-approved for use in sheep

25
Q

progestagen vaginal devices effect on submission rate, fertility, prolificacy. Can use with AI?

A

Can use with AI

sub. rate: +++
fertility: ++
prolificacy: +++

26
Q

ram effect on submission rate, fertility, prolificacy. Can use with AI?

A

Don’t use with AI

sub. rate: +
fertility: +
prolificacy: +

27
Q

Melatonin implant on submission rate, fertility, prolificacy. Can use with AI?

A

Don’t use with AI.

sub. rate: ++
fertility: ++
prolificacy: ++

28
Q

Light control protocol of induction of estrus during transition or anovulatory season

A

8-12 wks of “long days” (16hrs of light) followed by 8-12 wks of “short days” (8 hrs of light)
-labor intensive - not practical!

29
Q

Dow/Ewe anatomy

A

Ewe: 7 rings, tortuous
Doe: 5 rings, aligned

30
Q

natural breeding male to female ratios

A

rams/ewes: 3-5/100 with 27 days together
bucks/dows: 3/100 with 32 days together
(these are for normal breeding w/o manipulation

31
Q

AI methods***

A

1) Vaginal (highest + sperm)
2) Cervical
3) trans-cervical (difficult)
4) Laparoscopic
5) Intrauterine (lowest # sperm)
* decrease volume of sperm as you go deeper into the repro tract*

32
Q

where are sperm naturally deposited?

A

urethral process

33
Q

T/F: better to deposit sperm cervical than damage repro tract by trying to go through cervix

A

T

34
Q

Pregnancy Dx: indirect methods

A
  • return to estrus
  • progesterone >1ng/ml
  • *both are INDIRECT methods (could have been pregnant, lost it and have retained CL which is falsely elevating progesterone)
35
Q

How many days for doe to return to estrus?

A

21d

36
Q

How many days for ewe to return to estrus?

A

17

37
Q

Pregnancy Dx: direct methods

A

US (transrectal/transabdominal around 30d)
Rads (>58d)
Ballotement (>100d gestation)

38
Q

when can see cotyledons on transabdominal US?

A

> 30d

39
Q

when do fetuses become difficult to count with US?

A

> 90d

40
Q

Biomarkers for pregnancy Dx

A

BioPRYN (>30d)
Estrone sulfate (>50d) : used to check viability of fetus
Placentallactogene (>60d)

41
Q

gestation length of ewes***

A

148d (CL dependent up to 60d, then depend on placenta progestagens >60d)

42
Q

induction of labor in ewes

A

> 142d: glucocorticoids (dex)

-parturition occurs 36-48hrs later

43
Q

gestation length of does***

A

150d (CL dependent throughout ENTIRE pregnancy)

44
Q

induction in does

A

> 140d: glucocorticoids (dex)
-inconsistent timing of parturition
144d: prostaglandins (cloprostenol, dinoprost)
-parturition occurs 42-72 hrs later
Can use combo of dex then PGF: parturition occurs 32-36 hrs later

45
Q

most commonly used and accurate method of pregnancy dx in SR**

A

US

Theriogenology (Fall 2014) (24 decks)

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