Lect.17: Therio in Camelids Pt.3 (Pozor)

Question 1

male testicular abnormalities

Answer 1

hypoplasia
degeneration
cryptorchidism
orchitis
hydrocele
neoplasia

Question 2

male penile abnormalities

Answer 2

prepucial stricture
persistent frenulum
corkscrew penis
penile deviation
balanitis (swelling of head of penis)
posthitis (swelling of prepuce)

Question 3

Male BSE components

Answer 3

scrotal exam: palpate, measure, U/S (no est. standards)
testosterone conc. 900-2,450 (correlates with testicular size)
penile exm
U/S of access. sex glands
testicular biopsy if justified (suspect azoospermia)
semen collection/evaluation (usually via aspiration from female)

Question 4

sigmoidal flexure located cranial/caudal to scrotum in camelids?

Answer 4

cranial

Question 5

accessory sex glands in camelids

Answer 5

prostate, bulbourethral gland

Question 6

embryonic/fetal loss usually occurs before day __ gestation

Answer 6

90

Question 7

non-infectious causes of embryonic and fetal loss

Answer 7

twins
nutrition
pine needles
stress

Question 8

infectious causes of embryonic and fetal loss

Answer 8

lepto
chlamydiosis
neosporosis
toxoplasmosis
listeriosis
A. pyogenes
ascending placentitis

Question 9

periparturient problems

Answer 9

uterine torsion
dystocia
retained fetal membranes

Question 10

uterine torsion usually occurs when?

Answer 10

after 9th month of gestation (90% after 335th day)

Question 11

CS of uterine torsion

Answer 11

mild: lethargy, anorexia
dramatic: trashing, rolling, vocalizing, straining
(commonly causes dystocia)

Question 12

Dx of uterine torsion

Answer 12

• vag. speculum exam if torsion caudal to cervix

- palpate per rectum to detect deviation of broad ligament (difficult)

Question 13

Tx of uterine torsion

Answer 13

Non-sx: rolling female under sedation

Sx: laparotomy via L flank, C-section

Question 14

main causes of dystocia*

Answer 14

lateral flexion of head (70%)*

posterior presentation, dorso-pubic position (30%)

Question 15

when can pregnancy be diagnosed in camelids?

Answer 15

12-16 days post-breeding via trans-rectal ultrasonography

Question 16

when to intervene with dystocia

Answer 16

• Stage 1 >6hrs: straining seen, no vaginal discharge
• If water broke (stage 2), but nothing is coming out after 2 hrs
• be clean, gentle, and apply lots of lube

Question 17

retained fetal membranes in camelids

Answer 17

• rarely clinically significant (unlike horses)

- If clinical, use oxytocin and uterine lavage

Question 18

what kind of placenta in camelids?

Answer 18

chorioallantoic