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Theriogenology (Fall 2014) > Lecture 7: Equine Breeding Management (Macpherson) > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Equine Breeding Management (Macpherson) Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What is breeding (management)?

A
  • the mating and production of offspring by animals

- the activity of controlling the mating and production of offspring of animals

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2
Q

types of breeding programs

A
  • natural service

- AI (not allowed

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3
Q

How must horses be mted in registered Jockey clubs?

A

natural mating only

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4
Q

factors that affect pregnancy rates

A
  • breeding management**
  • stallion fertility
  • mare fertility
  • early pregnancy detection
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5
Q

1 cause for infertility in horses

A

breeding management, NOT breeding the proper time

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6
Q

what things to assess in stallion fertility

A
  • athletic and breeding history

- Breeding soundness: annual exam, physical health, semen quality, venereal disease

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7
Q

components of mare repro health

A
  • feritlity/foaling history
  • type of breeding program
  • breeding soundness exam
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8
Q

steps of breeding management

A

1) heat dection
2) monitoring the repro tract
3) induction of ovulation
4) breeding
5) post-breeding management
6) pregnancy detection

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9
Q

LH peak occurs before or after ovulation in mare?**

A

after

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10
Q

when does mare ovulate?

A

approx. 24hrs before end of estrus. Just before LH peak, just after estrogen peak

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11
Q

which hormone maintains pregnancy?

A

progesterone. Keeps other hormones at low lvls, prevents ovulation

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12
Q

what structure produces progesterone?

A

CL

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13
Q

see slide 10

A

:)

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14
Q

how long does estrus last in mare?

A

4-7 days (longer during short days of year and vice versa)

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15
Q

behavioral signs of estrus

A

(under influence of ESTROGEN):
tail up
urinate
wink (clitoral eversion)

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16
Q

role of oxytocin post-mating

A

stimulates uterine contractions to clear infection from mating, and to help sperm travel up oviduct

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17
Q

how long does diestrus last in mares?

A

14 days

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18
Q

behavioral signs of diestrus

A

(under influence of PROGESTERONE):
ears back
strike
kick

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19
Q

uterine edema present in presence of:

A

estrogen

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20
Q

tone of cervix when mare in het

A

soft, billowy

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21
Q

tone of cervix when under influence of progesterone/pregnant

A

tubular

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22
Q

methods of monitoring the repro tract

Study These Flashcards
A

transrectal palpation and ultrasonography:

  • ovaries (for follicular development)
  • uterus (tone and edema)
  • cervix (tone/relaxation)
23
Q

describe “inside-out” anatomy of mare ovary

Study These Flashcards
A
  • medullary region is on the OUTSIDE of the ovary and is where the majority of the follicles form
  • everything ovulates through the ovulation fossa
  • follicles develop on outside of ovary, but ovulate through fossa
24
Q

Who has larger pre-ovulatory follicle: horse or cow?

25
when is corpus hemorrhagicum present? is it palpable?
about 24 hrs post-ovulation. Yes.
26
why is CL NOT palpable in mare?**
forms internally. Therefore, NOT a structure we can use to stage diestrus in the mare!!
27
When is cervix longest, tightest and most tubular?
during pregnancy
28
see green star slides
:)
29
when is cervix shortest, softest, most edematous?
under maximl influence of estrogen during estrus
30
can see cross-section of ____ on transrectal ultrasonography
uterine horns
31
what do uterine horns look like in mare in heat?
"orange slice configuration"
32
what is another way to detect presence of CL if can't see on ultrasound?**
measure progesterone
33
can mares double ovulate?
Y
34
can follicles be present in diestrus?
yes, but they are small, with no wagon wheel appearance.
35
methods of predicting ovulation
``` -follicular: size (at least 35mm) texture (softer = closer to ovulation) shape (point forming = very close to ovulation -uterine edema ```
36
an ideal follicle to breed should be at least how big?
35mm
37
HPO interaction
hypothalamus releases GnRH, which stims. anterior pituitary to release LH, FSH. LH and FSH act on ovaries.
38
deslorelin acetate
ovulatory agent - GnRH analog - acts upstream - only administer if: follicle at least 30mm, there is estrus edema, and relaxed cervix - causes ovulation 40-48 post-administration - expensive
39
human chorionic gandotropin (hCG)
ovulatory agent - mimics LH - acts downstream - only use if: follicle at least 35mm, there is estrus edema, relaxed cervix. - ovulation occurs 24-48 hrs later (larger window than with deslorelin acetate) - less expensive
40
methods of bringing mare back into heat quicker if she ovulates too early
Give prostaglandin when mare has mture CL (5 days post-ovulation) to cause her to come back into heat
41
Where is prostaglandin naturally produced?
endometrium | -causes luteolysis 5 days post-ovultion and onset of estrus
42
when is the best time to breed?***
as close to ovulation as possible
43
oocyte longevity
24 (12) hrs
44
sperm longevity
fresh: 48+ hrs chilled: 24-48 hrs frozen: 12 hrs post-thaw
45
hand mating
breeding naturally under controlled conditions
46
types of natural service breeding
pasture mating hand mating *should breed every 48 hrs, while monitoring mare's trct to determine if follicle present and if she is ovulating
47
how many "progressively motile" sperm in fresh semen?
500 million
48
how many sperm/dose in fresh cooled semen?
at least 1 billion (but assume 50% die in transport) | -2 doses usually included
49
when re ovulatory agents often used?
when using fresh cooled or frozen seme
50
how many sperm/dose in frozen-thawed semen?
800 million to 1 billion, but with limited viability
51
goals for breeding with frozen-thawed semen**
at least 12 hrs PRIOR to ovulation, or less than 8 hours AFTER ovulation
52
if you see big billowy edema in uterus after breeding, what should you do?
post-breeding therapy to calm uterus down before embryo comes in at 5-6 days
53
when to first examine for pregnancy and what to look for
14 days post-ovulation | -look for twins/early embryonic death

Theriogenology (Fall 2014) (24 decks)

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