L25 Flashcards
(161 cards)
2
Q
bulge
A
[bʌldʒ] n. 胀；膨胀；凸出部分 vt. 使膨胀；使凸起 vi. 膨胀；凸出 Transitive verb : to cause to bulge intransitive verb 1 archaic : BILGE 2 a : to jut out : SWELL b : to bend outward c : to become swollen or protuberant *bulging eyes* 3 : to be filled to overflowing *a notebook bulging with ideas* Noun.1 a : BILGE 1 b : BILGE 2 2 : a protuberant or swollen part or place 3 : ADVANTAGE, UPPER HAND 4 : sudden expansion synonyms see PROJECTION
3
Q
bullion
A
[‘buljən] n. 金银；纯金；金银块
Noun.1 a : gold or silver considered as so much metal; specifically : uncoined gold or silver in bars or ingots b : metal in the mass lead bullion
2 : lace, braid, or fringe of gold or silver threads
4
Q
bully
A
[‘buli] n. 欺凌弱小者；土霸
adj. [口]第一流的；特好的
vt. 欺负；威吓
vi. 欺侮人
adv. 很；十分
Noun.1 archaic a : SWEETHEART b : a fine chap
2 a : a blustering browbeating person; especially : one habitually cruel to others who are weaker b : PIMP
3 : a hired ruffian
Adj.1 : EXCELLENT, FIRST-RATE ? often used in interjectional expressions bully for you
2 : resembling or characteristic of a bully
transitive verb
1 : to treat abusively
2 : to affect by means of force or coercion
intransitive verb : to use browbeating language or behavior : BLUSTER
synonyms see INTIMIDATE
Noun. : pickled or canned usually corned beef
5
Q
bumble
A
['bʌmbl] vi. 犯错误；踉跄；结结巴巴地说话 vt. 弄糟；搞坏 n. 错误 vi.1 : BUZZ 2 : DRONE, RUMBLE intransitive verb 1 : BLUNDER; specifically : to speak ineptly in a stuttering and faltering manner 2 : to proceed unsteadily : STUMBLE transitive verb : BUNGLE
6
Q
bump
A
[bʌmp] n. 肿块，隆起物；撞击
vi. 碰撞，撞击；颠簸而行
vt. 碰，撞；颠簸
adv. 突然地，猛烈地
Noun.1 : a relatively abrupt convexity or protuberance on a surface: as a : a swelling of tissue b : a cranial protuberance
2 a : a sudden forceful blow, impact, or jolt b : DEMOTION
3 : an act of thrusting the hips forward in an erotic manner
transitive verb
1 : to strike or knock with force or violence
2 : to collide with
3 a (1) : to dislodge with a jolt (2) : to subject to a scalar change rates being bumped up b : to oust usually by virtue of seniority or priority was bumped from the flight
intransitive verb
1 : to knock against something with a forceful jolt
2 : to proceed in or as if in a series of bumps
3 : to encounter something that is an obstacle or hindrance bumped up against a chair
7
Q
bumptious
A
[‘bʌmpʃəs] adj. 傲慢的；瞎自夸的
Adj.: presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive : OBTRUSIVE
8
Q
bungle
A
[‘bʌŋɡl] vt. 笨手笨脚地做；把…搞糟
vi. 把工作搞糟
n. 粗劣；失败；笨拙
Intransitive verb : to act or work clumsily and awkwardly
transitive verb : MISHANDLE, BOTCH bungle a job
9
Q
buoy
A
[bɔi, ‘bu:i] n. 浮标；浮筒；救生圈；航标
vt. 使浮起；支撑；鼓励
Noun.1 : FLOAT 2; especially : a floating object moored to the bottom to mark a channel or something (as a shoal) lying under the water
2 : LIFE BUOY
transitive verb
1 : to mark by or as if by a buoy
2 a : to keep afloat b : SUPPORT, UPLIFT an economy buoyed by the dramatic postwar growth of industry ?Time
3 : to raise the spirits of ? usually used with up hope buoys him up
intransitive verb : FLOAT ? usually used with up
10
Q
burial
A
[‘beriəl] n. 埋葬；葬礼；弃绝
adj. 埋葬的
Noun.1 : GRAVE, TOMB
2 : the act or process of burying
11
Q
burlesque
A
[bə:’lesk] n. 作戏；滑稽戏
adj. 滑稽的；可笑的
Noun.1 : a literary or dramatic work that seeks to ridicule by means of grotesque exaggeration or comic imitation
2 : mockery usually by caricature
3 : theatrical entertainment of a broadly humorous often earthy character consisting of short turns, comic skits, and sometimes striptease acts
synonyms see CARICATURE
transitive verb : to imitate in a humorous or derisive manner : MOCK
intransitive verb : to employ burlesque
12
Q
burnish
A
[‘bə:niʃ] vt. 擦亮；使…光亮；将…打磨光亮
n. 光泽；抛光；闪闪发光
vi. 磨光发亮
vt.1 a : to make shiny or lustrous especially by rubbing b : POLISH 3
2 : to rub (a material) with a tool for compacting or smoothing or for turning an edge
Noun. : LUSTER, GLOSS
13
Q
burrow
A
[‘bʌrəu, ‘bə:rəu] vi. 探索，寻找；挖地洞，挖通道；住入地洞，躲藏起来；钻进某处；偎依著
vt. 挖掘，挖出；在…挖洞（或通道）；使躲入洞穴
n. （兔、狐等的）洞穴，地道；藏身处，住处
Noun.: a hole or excavation in the ground made by an animal (as a rabbit) for shelter and habitation
transitive verb
1 archaic : to hide in or as if in a burrow
2 a : to construct by tunneling b : to penetrate by means of a burrow
3 : to make a motion suggestive of burrowing with : NESTLE burrows her hand into mine
intransitive verb
1 : to conceal oneself in or as if in a burrow
2 a : to make a burrow b : to progress by or as if by digging
3 : to make a motion suggestive of burrowing : SNUGGLE, NESTLE burrowed against his back for warmth
14
Q
bust
A
[bʌst] vi. 破产；爆裂；降低级别
vt. 使破产；使爆裂；逮捕
n. 破产；半身像；萧条；胸部
adj. 破产了的；毁坏了的
Noun.1 : a sculptured representation of the upper part of the human figure including the head and neck and usually part of the shoulders and breast
2 : the upper part of the human torso between neck and waist; especially : the breasts of a woman
transitive verb
1 a : to break or smash especially with force; also : to make inoperative busted my watch b : to bring an end to : BREAK UP helped bust trusts ?Newsweek ? often used with up better not try to bust up his happy marriage ?Forbes c : to ruin financially d : EXHAUST, WEAR OUT ? used in phrases like bust one’s butt to describe making a strenuous effort e : to give a hard time to ? often used in phrases like bust one’s chops
2 : TAME bronco busting
3 : DEMOTE
4 slang a : ARREST busted for carrying guns ?Saul Gottlieb b : RAID busted the apartment
5 : HIT, SLUG
intransitive verb
1 : to go broke
2 a : BURST laughing fit to bust b : BREAK DOWN
3 a : to lose at cards by exceeding a limit (as the count of 21 in blackjack) b : to fail to complete a straight or flush in poker
Noun.1 a : SPREE b : a hearty drinking session a beer bust
2 a : a complete failure : FLOP b : a business depression
3 : PUNCH, SOCK
4 slang a : a police raid b : ARREST 2
Adj.: BANKRUPT, BROKE go bust
15
Q
bustle
A
[‘bʌsl] vi. 喧闹；忙乱；充满
vt. 使忙碌；催促
n. 喧闹；活跃；裙撑；热闹的活动
vi.1 : to move briskly and often ostentatiously
2 : to be busily astir : TEEM
Noun.: noisy, energetic, and often obtrusive activity the hustle and bustle of the big city
Noun. : a pad or framework expanding and supporting the fullness and drapery of the back of a woman’s skirt or dress; also : the drapery so supported
16
Q
butt
A
[bʌt] n. 屁股；烟头；笑柄；靶垛；粗大的一端
vt. 以头抵撞；碰撞
Intransitive verb : to thrust or push headfirst : strike with the head or horns
transitive verb : to strike or shove with the head or horns
Noun.: a blow or thrust usually with the head or horns
Noun.1 : a large cask especially for wine, beer, or water
2 : any of various units of liquid capacity; especially : a measure equal to 108 imperial gallons (491 liters)
Noun.1 a : a backstop (as a mound or bank) for catching missiles shot at a target b : TARGET c plural : RANGE 5c d : a blind for shooting birds
2 a obsolete : LIMIT, BOUND b archaic : GOAL here is my journey’s end, here is my butt ?Shakespeare
3 : an object of abuse or ridicule : VICTIM the butt of all their jokes
Noun.1 : BUTTOCKS ? often used as a euphemism for ass in idiomatic expressions get your butt over here kick butt saved our butts
2 : the large or thicker end part of something: a : a lean upper cut of the pork shoulder b : the base of a plant from which the roots spring c : the thicker or handle end of a tool or weapon
3 a : an unused remainder (as of a cigarette or cigar) b slang : CIGARETTE
4 : the part of a hide or skin corresponding to the animal’s back and sides
intransitive verb : ABUT ? used with on or against
transitive verb
1 : to place end to end or side to side without overlapping
2 : to trim or square off (as a log) at the end
3 : to reduce (as a cigarette) to a butt by stubbing or stamping
17
Q
buxom
A
[‘bʌksəm] adj. （妇女）丰满的；健美的
Adj.1 obsolete a : OBEDIENT, TRACTABLE b : offering little resistance : FLEXIBLE, PLIANT wing silently the buxom air ?John Milton
2 archaic : full of gaiety : BLITHE
3 : vigorously or healthily plump; specifically : full-bosomed
18
Q
byline
A
[‘bailain] n. 标题下署名之行；铁路支线；副业
vt. 署名
Noun.1 : a secondary line : SIDELINE
2 : a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine article, or book giving the writer’s name
vt. : to write (an article) under a byline
19
Q
cacophony
A
[kæ’kɔfəni] n. 刺耳的音调；不和谐音
Noun. : harsh or discordant sound : DISSONANCE 2; specifically : harshness in the sound of words or phrases
20
Q
cadence
A
[‘keidəns] n. 节奏；韵律；抑扬顿挫
Noun.1 a : a rhythmic sequence or flow of sounds in language b : the beat, time, or measure of rhythmical motion or activity
2 a : a falling inflection of the voice b : a concluding and usually falling strain; specifically : a musical chord sequence moving to a harmonic close or point of rest and giving the sense of harmonic completion
3 : the modulated and rhythmic recurrence of a sound especially in nature
21
Q
cadet
A
[kə’det] n. 幼子，次子；实习生；军官学校学生
Noun.1 a : a younger brother or son b : youngest son c : a younger branch of a family or a member of it
2 : one in training for a military or naval commission; especially : a student in a service academy
3 slang : PIMP
22
Q
cadge
A
[kædʒ] vi. 乞讨；骗得白食；行乞；贩卖
vt. 乞讨；行乞；贩卖
Verb. : BEG, SPONGE cadge a free cup of coffee
23
Q
cajole
A
[kə’dʒəul] vt. 以甜言蜜语哄骗；勾引
vt.1 a : to persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in the face of reluctance : COAX had to cajole them into going b : to obtain from someone by gentle persuasion cajoleed money from his parents
2 : to deceive with soothing words or false promises
24
Q
calibrate
A
[‘kælibreit] vt. 校正；调整；测定口径
vt.1 : to ascertain the caliber of (as a thermometer tube)
2 : to determine, rectify, or mark the graduations of (as a thermometer tube)
3 : to standardize (as a measuring instrument) by determining the deviation from a standard so as to ascertain the proper correction factors
4 : to adjust precisely for a particular function
5 : to measure precisely; especially : to measure against a standard
25
Q
callow
A
[‘kæləu] adj. 年轻而无经验的；羽毛未丰的
Adj.: lacking adult sophistication : IMMATURE callow youth
26
calorie
['kæləri] n. 卡路里（热量单位）
Noun.1 a : the amount of heat required at a pressure of one atmosphere to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius that is equal to about 4.19 joules ? abbreviation cal; called also gram calorie, small calorie b : the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree Celsius : 1000 gram calories or 3.968 Btu ? abbreviation Cal; called also large calorie
2 a : a unit equivalent to the large calorie expressing heat-producing or energy-producing value in food when oxidized in the body b : an amount of food having an energy-producing value of one large calorie
27
calumniate
[kə'lʌmnieit] vt. 诽谤；中伤；诬蔑
vt.1 : to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations about
2 : to injure the reputation of by calumny
synonyms see MALIGN
28
cameo
['kæmiəu] n. （影视剧中的）配角；刻有浮雕的宝石或贝壳；小品文
Noun.1 a : a gem carved in relief; especially : a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell cut in relief in one layer with another contrasting layer serving as background b : a small medallion with a profiled head in relief
2 : a carving or sculpture made in the manner of a cameo
3 : a usually brief literary or filmic piece that brings into delicate or sharp relief the character of a person, place, or event
4 : a small theatrical role usually performed by a well-known actor and often limited to a single scene; broadly : a brief appearance or role
29
camouflage
['kæmuflɑ:ʒ] n. 伪装，掩饰
vt. 伪装，掩饰
vi. 伪装起来
Noun.1 : the disguising especially of military equipment or installations with paint, nets, or foliage; also : the disguise so applied
2 a : concealment by means of disguise b : behavior or artifice designed to deceive or hide
transitive verb : to conceal or disguise by camouflage
intransitive verb : to practice camouflage
Adj. : made in colors or patterns typical of camouflage *a camouflage jacket*
30
canard
[kæ'nɑ:d] n. 误传，谬传；谣言
Noun.1 a : a false or unfounded report or story; especially : a fabricated report b : a groundless rumor or belief
2 : an airplane with horizontal stabilizing and control surfaces in front of supporting surfaces; also : a small airfoil in front of the wing of an aircraft that increases the aircraft's stability
31
canary
[kə'nεəri] n. 金丝雀；淡黄色
Noun.1 : a Canary Islands usually sweet wine similar to Madeira
2 : a lively 16th century court dance
3 : a small finch (Serinus canarius syn. S. canaria) of the Canary Islands that is usually greenish to yellow and is kept as a cage bird and singer
4 slang : INFORMER 2
32
candidacy
['kændidəsi] n. 候选资格；候选状态
| Noun. : the state of being a candidate *he is expected to announce his candidacy*
33
canon
['kænən] n. 标准；教规；正典圣经；教士
Noun.1 plural usually cannon a : a large heavy gun usually mounted on a carriage b : a heavy-caliber automatic aircraft gun firing explosive shells
2 or cann : the projecting part of a bell by which it is hung : EAR
3 : the part of the leg in which the cannon bone is found
Noun.1 a : a regulation or dogma decreed by a church council b : a provision of canon law
2 [Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin, from Latin, model] : the most solemn and unvarying part of the Mass including the consecration of the bread and wine
3 [Middle English, from Late Latin, from Latin, standard] a : an authoritative list of books accepted as Holy Scripture b : the authentic works of a writer c : a sanctioned or accepted group or body of related works *the canon of great literature*
4 a : an accepted principle or rule b : a criterion or standard of judgment c : a body of principles, rules, standards, or norms
5 [Late Greek kan*n, from Greek, model] : a contrapuntal musical composition in which each successively entering voice presents the initial theme usually transformed in a strictly consistent way
synonyms see LAW
Noun.1 : a clergyman belonging to the chapter or the staff of a cathedral or collegiate church
2 : CANON REGULAR
34
canonical
[kə'nɔnikəl] adj. 依教规的；权威的；牧师的
n. 牧师礼服
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or forming a canon
2 : conforming to a general rule or acceptable procedure : ORTHODOX
3 : of or relating to a clergyman who is a canon
4 : reduced to the canonical form *a canonical matrix*
35
canopy
['kænəpi] n. 天篷；华盖；遮篷；苍穹
vt. 用天蓬遮盖；遮盖
Noun.1 a : a cloth covering suspended over a bed b : a cover (as of cloth) fixed or carried above a person of high rank or a sacred object : BALDACHIN c : a protective covering: as (1) : the uppermost spreading branchy layer of a forest (2) : AWNING, MARQUEE
2 : an ornamental rooflike structure
3 a : the transparent enclosure over an airplane cockpit b : the fabric part of a parachute that catches the air
vt. : to cover with or as if with a canopy
36
canorous
[kə'nɔːrəs] adj. 音乐般的；音调优美的
| Adj. : pleasant sounding : MELODIOUS
37
canvass
['kænvəs] vt. 细究；彻底检查；向…拉票或拉生意
vi. 游说；拉选票
n. 讨论；细查；劝诱
Noun.1 : a firm closely woven cloth usually of linen, hemp, or cotton used for clothing and formerly much used for tents and sails
2 : a set of sails : SAIL
3 : a piece of canvas used for a particular purpose
4 : TENT; also : a group of tents
5 a : a piece of cloth backed or framed as a surface for a painting; also : the painting on such a surface b : the background, setting, or scope of a historical or fictional account or narrative
6 : a coarse cloth so woven as to form regular meshes for working with the needle
7 : the canvas-covered floor of a boxing or wrestling ring
transitive verb
1 obsolete : to toss in a canvas sheet in sport or punishment
2 a : to examine in detail; specifically : to examine (votes) officially for authenticity b : DISCUSS, DEBATE
3 : to go through (a district) or go to (persons) in order to solicit orders or political support or to determine opinions or sentiments *canvass voters*
intransitive verb : to seek orders or votes : SOLICIT
Noun.: the act or an instance of canvassing; especially : a personal solicitation of votes or survey of public opinion
38
canyon
['kænjən] n. 峡谷
Noun.1 : a deep narrow valley with steep sides and often with a stream flowing through it
2 : something resembling a canyon *the city's concrete canyons*
39
capacious
[kə'peiʃəs] adj. 宽敞的；广阔的；容积大的
Adj.: containing or capable of containing a great deal
synonyms see SPACIOUS
40
caper
['keipə] vi. 雀跃
n. 跳跃，雀跃；刺山柑花蕾；不法活动
Noun.1 : any of a genus (Capparis of the family Capparidaceae, the caper family) of low prickly shrubs of the Mediterranean region; especially : one (C. spinosa) cultivated for its buds
2 : one of the greenish flower buds or young berries of the caper pickled and used as a seasoning or garnish
vi.: to leap or prance about in a playful manner
Noun.1 : a frolicsome leap
2 : a capricious escapade : PRANK
3 : an illegal or questionable act; especially : THEFT
41
caprice
[kə'pri:s] n. 任性，反复无常；随想曲
Noun.1 a : a sudden, impulsive, and seemingly unmotivated notion or action b : a sudden usually unpredictable condition, change, or series of changes *the caprices of the weather*
2 : a disposition to do things impulsively
3 : CAPRICCIO 3
42
capsule
['kæpsju:l] n. [医]胶囊；[植]蒴果；[航]太空舱；小容器
adj. 压缩的；概要的
vt. 压缩；简述
Noun.1 a : a membrane or sac enclosing a body part (as a knee joint or kidney) b : either of two layers of white matter in the cerebrum
2 : a closed receptacle containing spores or seeds: as a : a dry dehiscent usually many-seeded fruit composed of two or more carpels b : the spore case of a moss
3 : a shell usually of gelatin for packaging something (as a drug or vitamins); also : a usually medicinal or nutritional preparation for oral use consisting of the shell and its contents
4 : an often polysaccharide envelope surrounding a microorganism
5 : an extremely brief condensation : OUTLINE, SURVEY
6 a : a compact often sealed and detachable container or compartment b : a small pressurized compartment or vehicle (as for space flight or emergency escape)
vt.1 : to equip with or enclose in a capsule
2 : to condense into or devise in a compact form
Adj.1 : extremely brief
2 : small and very compact
43
caption
['kæpʃən] n. 标题；字幕；说明；[英]逮捕
vt. 加上说明；加上标题
Noun.1 : the part of a legal document that shows where, when, and by what authority it was taken, found, or executed
2 a : the heading especially of an article or document : TITLE b : the explanatory comment or designation accompanying a pictorial illustration c : a motion-picture subtitle
vt.: to furnish with a caption
44
captivate
['kæptiveit] vt. 迷住，迷惑
vt.1 archaic : SEIZE, CAPTURE
2 : to influence and dominate by some special charm, art, or trait and with an irresistible appeal
synonyms see ATTRACT
45
carbohydrate
```
[,kɑ:bəu'haidreit] n. 碳水化合物；糖类
Noun. : any of various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (as sugars, starches, and celluloses) most of which are formed by green plants and which constitute a major class of animal foods
```
46
cardiologist
[,ka:di'ɔlədʒist] n. 心脏病学家；心脏病科医师
| Noun.: a specialist in cardiology
47
careen
[kə'ri:n] vi. 倾侧，倾斜
vt. 使倾侧，使倾斜
n. 船的倾侧
Transitive verb
1 : to put (a ship or boat) on a beach especially in order to clean, caulk, or repair the hull
2 : to cause to heel over
intransitive verb
1 a : to careen a boat b : to undergo this process
2 : to heel over
3 : to sway from side to side : LURCH *a careening carriage being pulled wildlyTby a team of runaway horses ?J. P. Getty*
4 : CAREER
Noun.archaic : the act or process of careening : the state of being careened
48
caress
[kə'res] vt. 爱抚，抚抱
n. 爱抚，拥抱；接吻
vt.1 : to treat with tokens of fondness, affection, or kindness : CHERISH
2 a : to touch or stroke lightly in a loving or endearing manner b : to touch or affect as if with a caress *echoes that caress the ear*
Noun.1 : an act or expression of kindness or affection : ENDEARMENT
2 a : a light stroking, rubbing, or patting b : KISS
49
careworn
['kεəwɔ:n] adj. 忧心忡忡的；饱经忧患的；疲倦的
| Adj. : showing the effect of grief or anxiety *a careworn face*
50
cargo
['kɑ:ɡəu] n. 货物，船货
| Noun.: the goods or merchandise conveyed in a ship, airplane, or vehicle : FREIGHT
51
carouse
[kə'rauz] vi. 畅饮；欢宴
n. 喧闹的酒会或宴会；一饮而尽
Noun.1 archaic : a large draft of liquor : TOAST
2 : a drunken revel
intransitive verb
1 : to drink liquor freely or excessively
2 : to take part in a carouse : engage in dissolute behavior
transitive verb , obsolete : to drink up : QUAFF
52
carp
[kɑ:p] vi. 吹毛求疵
n. 鲤鱼
vi.: to find fault or complain querulously
Noun.: COMPLAINT
Noun.1 : a large variable Asian soft-finned freshwater cyprinid fish (Cyprinus carpio) of sluggish waters that is often raised for food and has been widely introduced into United States waters; also : any of various related cyprinid fishes (as the grass carp)
2 : a fish (as the European sea bream) resembling a carp
53
carpenter
['kɑ:pəntə] n. 木匠，木工
vi. 当木匠，做木匠工作
vt. 制作
Noun.: a worker who builds or repairs wooden structures or their structural parts
intransitive verb : to follow the trade of a carpenter *carpentered when he was young*
transitive verb
1 : to make by or as if by carpentry
2 : to put together often in a mechanical manner *carpentered many television scripts*
54
carrion
['kæriən] adj. 腐肉的；腐朽的
n. 腐肉；臭尸；不洁之物
Noun. : dead and putrefying flesh; also : flesh unfit for food
55
cartoon
[kɑ:'tu:n] n. 卡通片，动画片；连环漫画
vt. 为…画漫画
vi. 画漫画
Noun.1 : a preparatory design, drawing, or painting (as for a fresco)
2 a : a drawing intended as satire, caricature, or humor *a political cartoon* b : COMIC STRIP
3 : ANIMATED CARTOON
4 : a ludicrously simplistic, unrealistic, or one-dimensional portrayal or version *the film's villain is an entertaining cartoon*
56
casual
['kæʒjuəl] adj. 随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的
n. 便装；临时工人；待命士兵
adj.1 : subject to, resulting from, or occurring by chance *a casual meeting*
2 a : occurring without regularity : OCCASIONAL *casual employment* b : employed for irregular periods *a casual worker* c : met with on occasion and known only superficially *a casual friend*
3 a (1) : feeling or showing little concern : NONCHALANT *a casual approach to cooking* (2) : lacking a high degree of interest or devotion *casual sports fans* *casual readers* (3) : done without serious intent or commitment *casual sex* b (1) : INFORMAL, NATURAL *a casual conversation* (2) : designed for informal use *casual clothing*
synonyms see ACCIDENTAL, RANDOM
Noun.1 : a casual or migratory worker
2 : an officer or enlisted person awaiting assignment or transportation to a unit
57
catalog
['kætəlɔɡ] n. 目录；登记
vt. 登记；为…编目录
vi. 编目录；按确定价格收入目录（等于catalogue）
Noun.1 : LIST, REGISTER
2 a : a complete enumeration of items arranged systematically with descriptive details b : a pamphlet or book that contains such a list c : material in such a list
transitive verb
1 : to make a catalog of
2 a : to enter in a catalog b : to classify (as books or information) descriptively
intransitive verb
1 : to make or work on a catalog
2 : to become listed in a catalog at a specified price *this stamp catalogs at $2*
58
catharsis
[kə'θɑ:sis] n. 泻法，导泻；净化；精神发泄
Noun.1 : PURGATION
2 a : purification or purgation of the emotions (as pity and fear) primarily through art b : a purification or purgation that brings about spiritual renewal or release from tension
3 : elimination of a complex by bringing it to consciousness and affording it expression
59
catholic
['kæθəlik] adj. 天主教的；宽宏大量的
n. 天主教徒；罗马天主教
Adj.1 a often capitalized : of, relating to, or forming the church universal b often capitalized : of, relating to, or forming the ancient undivided Christian church or a church claiming historical continuity from it c capitalized : ROMAN CATHOLIC
2 : COMPREHENSIVE, UNIVERSAL; especially : broad in sympathies, tastes, or interests *a catholic taste in music*
60
caucus
['kɔ:kəs] n. 干部会议；核心会议
vi. 召开干部会议；开核心会议
Noun.: a closed meeting of a group of persons belonging to the same political party or faction usually to select candidates or to decide on policy; also : a group of people united to promote an agreed-upon cause
vi.: to meet in or hold a caucus
61
caudal
['kɔːd(ə)l] adj. 近尾部的，[解剖][动] 尾部的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or being a tail
2 : directed toward or situated in or near the tail or posterior part of the body
62
caulk
[kɔ:k] vt. 填隙使不渗水；捻缝；凿密
vt.: to stop up and make tight against leakage (as a boat or its seams, the cracks in a window frame, or the joints of a pipe)
Noun. : material used to caulk
63
cauterize
['kɔ:təraiz] vt. [医]烧灼；腐蚀；使麻木（等于cauterise）
vt.1 : to sear with a cautery or caustic *cauterize a wound*
2 : to make insensible : DEADEN *must oust the feeling, or cauterize it ?Robert Craft*
64
cavalry
['kævəlri] n. 骑兵；装甲兵；装甲部队
Noun.1 a : an army component mounted on horseback b : an army component moving in motor vehicles or helicopters and assigned to combat missions that require great mobility
2 : HORSEMEN *a thousand cavalry in flight*
65
cavort
[kə'vɔ:t] vi. 腾跃；欢跃
vi.1 : to leap or dance about in a lively manner
2 : to engage in extravagant behavior
66
cede
[si:d] vt. 放弃；割让（领土）
vt.1 : to yield or grant typically by treaty
2 : ASSIGN, TRANSFER
67
celebrated
['selibreitid] adj. 著名的；有名望的
v. 庆祝（celebrate的过去式和过去分词）
Adj.: widely known and often referred to *a celebrated author*
synonyms see FAMOUS
68
celebrity
[si'lebrəti] n. 名人；名声
Noun.1 : the state of being celebrated : FAME
2 : a famous or celebrated person
69
celerity
[sɪ'lerɪtɪ] n. 快速；敏捷
| Noun. : rapidity of motion or action
70
cello
['tʃeləu] n. 大提琴
| Noun.: the bass member of the violin family tuned an octave below the viola
71
cement
[si'ment] vt. 巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合
vi. 粘牢
n. 水泥；接合剂
Noun.1 a : CONCRETE b : a powder of alumina, silica, lime, iron oxide, and magnesium oxide burned together in a kiln and finely pulverized and used as an ingredient of mortar and concrete; also : any mixture used for a similar purpose
2 : a binding element or agency: as a : a substance to make objects adhere to each other b : something serving to unite firmly *justice is the cement that holds a political community together ?R. M. Hutchins*
3 : CEMENTUM
4 : a plastic composition made especially of zinc or silica for filling dental cavities
5 : the fine-grained groundmass or glass of a porphyry
transitive verb
1 : to unite or make firm by or as if by cement
2 : to overlay with concrete
intransitive verb : to become cemented
72
centrifugal
[sen'trifjuɡəl] adj. 离心的；远中的
n. 离心机；转筒
Adj.1 : proceeding or acting in a direction away from a center or axis
2 : using or acting by centrifugal force *a centrifugal pump*
3 : EFFERENT
4 : tending away from centralization : SEPARATIST *centrifugal tendencies in modern society*
Noun. : a centrifugal machine or a drum in such a machine
73
centripetal
[,sentrɪ'piːt(ə)l; sen'trɪpɪt(ə)l] adj. 向心的；利用向心力的
Adj.1 : proceeding or acting in a direction toward a center or axis
2 : AFFERENT
3 : tending toward centralization : UNIFYING
74
cephalic
[sɪ'fælɪk; ke-] adj. [动] 头的
Adj.1 : of or relating to the head
2 : directed toward or situated on or in or near the head
75
ceremony
['seriməuni] n. 典礼，仪式；礼节，礼仪；客套，虚礼
Noun.1 : a formal act or series of acts prescribed by ritual, protocol, or convention *the marriage ceremony*
2 a : a conventional act of politeness or etiquette *the ceremony of introduction* b : an action performed only formally with no deep significance c : a routine action performed with elaborate pomp
3 a : prescribed procedures : USAGES *the ceremony attending an inauguration* b : observance of an established code of civility or politeness *opened the door without ceremony and strode in*
76
certification
[,sə:tifi'keiʃən] n. 证明，保证；检定
Noun.1 : the act of certifying : the state of being certified
2 : a certified statement
77
cession
['seʃən] n. （权利的）转让，出让；（领土的）割让
| Noun. : a yielding to another : CONCESSION
78
chaffing
['tʃæfiŋ] adj. 玩笑的；嘲弄的
| v. 开玩笑（chaff的ing形式）
79
chameleon
[kə'mi:liən] n. 变色龙；善变的人；轻浮的人
Noun.1 : any of a group (Rhiptoglossa) of specialized slow-moving Old World acrodont lizards that have a laterally compressed body with the skin covered with small granules, a prehensile tail, opposed digits, very large independently movable eyeballs behind eyelids partially fused to leave only a small central opening, and an extremely elastic extensible tongue which can be shot out nearly the length of the animal to take the insects on which it feeds, and that display unusual ability to change the color of the skin in response to both external stimuli and internal factors
2 a : a fickle person; especially : a person given to expedient or facile change in ideas or character *he was a chameleon and his rare capacity for recognizing what was required of him T was equalled only by his capacity for becoming it?Anthony West* b : something subject to quick or frequent change especially in appearance *his goodness was a chameleon that changed its hue to the hue of the situation in which he found himself?Peggy Bennett*
3 : any of various American lizards capable of changing their color; especially : any of several members of the common genus Anolis
80
chandelier
[,ʃændə'liə] n. 枝形吊灯
| Noun.: a branched often ornate lighting fixture suspended from a ceiling
81
chant
[tʃɑ:nt, tʃænt] n. 圣歌；赞美诗
vt. 唱；诵扬
vi. 唱歌；反覆地唱歌
Intransitive verb
1 : to make melodic sounds with the voice; especially : to sing a chant
2 : to recite something in a monotonous repetitive tone *protesters were chanting outside*
transitive verb
1 : to utter as in chanting
2 : to celebrate or praise in song or chant
Noun.1 : SONG 1
2 a : PLAINSONG b : a rhythmic monotonous utterance or song c : a composition for chanting
82
chaos
['keiɔs] n. 混沌，混乱
Noun.1 obsolete : CHASM, ABYSS
2 a often capitalized : a state of things in which chance is supreme; especially : the confused unorganized state of primordial matter before the creation of distinct forms ? compare COSMOS b : the inherent unpredictability in the behavior of a complex natural system (as the atmosphere, boiling water, or the beating heart)
3 a : a state of utter confusion *the blackout caused chaos throughout the city* b : a confused mass or mixture *a chaos of television antennas*
83
char
[tʃɑ:] vi. 烧焦；打杂
n. 炭；家庭杂务
vt. 把…烧成炭
Noun. : any of a genus (Salvelinus) of small-scaled trouts with light-colored spots
transitive verb
1 : to convert to charcoal or carbon usually by heat : BURN
2 : to burn slightly or partly : SCORCH *the fire charred the beams*
intransitive verb : to become charred
Noun.: a charred substance : CHARCOAL; specifically : a combustible residue remaining after the destructive distillation of coal
vi.: to work as a cleaning woman
Noun.British : CHARWOMAN
84
characterization
[,kærəktərai'zeiʃən, -ri'z-] n. 描述；特性描述
Noun. : the act of characterizing; especially : the artistic representation (as in fiction or drama) of human character or motives
85
charade
[ʃə'rɑ:d] n. 看手势猜字谜游戏
Noun.1 : a word represented in riddling verse or by picture, tableau, or dramatic action
2 plural : a game in which some of the players try to guess a word or phrase from the actions of another player who may not speak
3 : an empty or deceptive act or pretense *his concern was a charade*
86
charisma
[kə'rizmə] n. 魅力；神授的能力；非凡的领导力
Noun.1 : a personal magic of leadership arousing special popular loyalty or enthusiasm for a public figure (as a political leader)
2 : a special magnetic charm or appeal *the charisma of a popular actor*
87
charity
['tʃærəti] n. 慈善；施舍；慈善团体；宽容；施舍物
Noun.1 : benevolent goodwill toward or love of humanity
2 a : generosity and helpfulness especially toward the needy or suffering; also : aid given to those in need b : an institution engaged in relief of the poor c : public provision for the relief of the needy
3 a : a gift for public benevolent purposes b : an institution (as a hospital) founded by such a gift
4 : lenient judgment of others
synonyms see MERCY
88
charm
[tʃɑ:m] n. 魅力，吸引力；魔力
vt. 使陶醉；行魔法
vi. 有魔力；用符咒
Noun.1 a : the chanting or reciting of a magic spell : INCANTATION b : a practice or expression believed to have magic power
2 : something worn about the person to ward off evil or ensure good fortune : AMULET
3 a : a trait that fascinates, allures, or delights b : a physical grace or attraction ? used in plural *her feminine charms* c : compelling attractiveness *the island possessed great charm*
4 : a small ornament worn on a bracelet or chain
5 : a fundamental quark that has an electric charge of + 2/3 and a measured energy of approximately 1.5 GeV; also : the flavor characterizing this particle
transitive verb
1 a : to affect by or as if by magic : COMPEL b : to please, soothe, or delight by compelling attraction *charms customers with his suave manner*
2 : to endow with or as if with supernatural powers by means of charms; also : to protect by or as if by spells, charms, or supernatural influences
3 : to control (an animal) typically by charms (as the playing of music) *charm a snake*
intransitive verb
1 : to practice magic and enchantment
2 : to have the effect of a charm : FASCINATE
synonyms see ATTRACT
89
chase
[tʃeis] vt. 追逐；追捕；试图赢得；雕镂
vi. 追逐；追赶；奔跑
n. 追逐；追赶；追击
Noun.1 a : the hunting of wild animals ? used with the b : the act of chasing : PURSUIT c : an earnest or frenzied seeking after something desired
2 : something pursued : QUARRY
3 : a tract of unenclosed land used as a game preserve
4 : STEEPLECHASE 1
5 : a sequence (as in a movie) in which the characters pursue one another
transitive verb
1 a : to follow rapidly : PURSUE b : HUNT c : to follow regularly or persistently with the intention of attracting or alluring
2 obsolete : HARASS
3 : to seek out ? often used with down *detectives chasing down clues*
4 : to cause to depart or flee : DRIVE *chase the dog out of the garden*
5 : to cause the removal of (a baseball pitcher) by a batting rally
6 : to swing at (a baseball pitched out of the strike zone)
intransitive verb
1 : to chase an animal, person, or thing *chase after material possessions*
2 : RUSH, HASTEN *chased all over town looking for a place to stay*
vt.1 a : to ornament (metal) by indenting with a hammer and tools without a cutting edge b : to make by such indentation c : to set with gems
2 a : GROOVE, INDENT b : to cut (a thread) with a chaser
Noun.1 : GROOVE, FURROW
2 : the bore of a cannon
3 a : TRENCH b : a channel (as in a wall) for something to lie in or pass through
Noun. : a rectangular steel or iron frame in which letterpress matter is locked (as for printing)
90
chaste
[tʃeist] adj. 纯洁的；贞洁的；有道德的；朴素的
Adj.1 : innocent of unlawful sexual intercourse
2 : CELIBATE
3 : pure in thought and act : MODEST
4 a : severely simple in design or execution : AUSTERE *chaste classicism* b : CLEAN, SPOTLESS
91
chasten
['tʃeisən] vt. 惩罚；磨炼；抑制
vt.1 : to correct by punishment or suffering : DISCIPLINE; also : PURIFY
2 a : to prune (as a work or style of art) of excess, pretense, or falsity : REFINE b : to cause to be more humble or restrained : SUBDUE
synonyms see PUNISH
92
chastise
```
[tʃæs'taiz] vt. 惩罚；严惩；责骂
vt.1 : to inflict punishment on (as by whipping)
2 : to censure severely : CASTIGATE
3 archaic : CHASTEN 2
synonyms see PUNISH
```
93
chauvinistic
[,ʃəuvi'nistik] adj. 沙文主义的；盲目爱国的
94
checkered
['tʃekəd] adj. 多变的；有方格的；多波折的
v. 使交错；使交替变化（checker的过去分词）
Adj.: marked by alternation or contrast of fortune *the best album of his checkered career ?Mark Coleman*; especially : marked by many problems or failures *trying to prevent discovery of his checkered past*
95
cheeky
['tʃi:ki] adj. 无耻的；厚脸皮的
| Adj.: insolently bold : IMPUDENT
96
cherubic
[tʃe'ru:bik] adj. 可爱的；天使的；无邪的
| Adj.: of, resembling, or befitting a cherub *a cherubic face* *a cherubic smile*
97
chic
[ʃi:k, ʃik] n. 时髦；别致的款式
adj. 别致的
Noun.1 : smart elegance and sophistication especially of dress or manner : STYLE *wears her clothes with superb chic*
2 : a distinctive mode of dress or manner associated with a fashionable lifestyle, ideology, or pursuit *wearing the latest in urban chic*
3 : a faddishly popular quality or appeal; also : something (as a practice or interest) having such appeal *the transient tides of academic chic ?Irving Kristol*
Adj.1 : cleverly stylish : SMART *the woman who is chic adapts fashion to her own personality ?Elizabeth L. Post*
2 : currently fashionable *a chic restaurant*
98
chicanery
[ʃi'keinəri] n. 狡辩；欺骗；强词夺理
Noun.1 : deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry : TRICKERY
2 : a piece of sharp practice (as at law) : TRICK
99
chide
[tʃaid] vt. 责骂；斥责
vi. 斥责；责骂
Intransitive verb : to speak out in angry or displeased rebuke
transitive verb : to voice disapproval to : reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner : SCOLD
synonyms see REPROVE
100
chimera
[kai'miərə] n. [生]嵌合体；虚构的怪物；妄想
Noun.1 a capitalized : a fire-breathing she-monster in Greek mythology having a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail b : an imaginary monster compounded of incongruous parts
2 : an illusion or fabrication of the mind; especially : an unrealizable dream *a fancy, a chimera in my brain, troubles me in my prayer ?John Donne*
3 : an individual, organ, or part consisting of tissues of diverse genetic constitution
101
chipmunk
['tʃipmʌŋk] n. [动]花栗鼠；金花鼠
| Noun. : any of a genus (Tamias) of small striped North American and Asian rodents of the squirrel family
102
chipper
```
['tʃɪpə] n. 削片机；凿子；削东西的人；唧唧喳喳
adj. 爽朗的；活泼的
vt. 使愉快；使振作
vi. 吱吱地叫；唠叨
Noun. : one that chips *a wood chipper*
Adj. : SPRIGHTLY 1
```
103
chirp
[tʃə:p] n. 唧唧声；喳喳声；啁啾声
vi. 吱喳而鸣；尖声地说；咂嘴打招呼
vt. 吱喳而鸣；尖声地说；咂嘴向…打招呼
Intransitive verb : to make a chirp or a sound resembling a chirp
transitive verb : to utter with a cheerful liveliness *she chirped *good morning**
Noun.: the characteristic short sharp sound especially of a small bird or insect
104
chisel
['tʃizəl] vt. 雕，刻；凿；欺骗
vi. 雕，刻；凿；欺骗
n. 凿子
Noun.: a metal tool with a sharpened edge at one end used to chip, carve, or cut into a solid material (as wood, stone, or metal)
transitive verb
1 : to cut or work with or as if with a chisel
2 : to employ shrewd or unfair practices on in order to obtain one's end; also : to obtain by such practices *chisel a job*
intransitive verb
1 : to work with or as if with a chisel
2 a : to employ shrewd or unfair practices b : to thrust oneself : INTRUDE *chisel in on a racket*
105
choice
[tʃɔis] n. 选择；选择权；精选品
adj. 精选的；仔细推敲的
Noun.1 : the act of choosing : SELECTION *finding it hard to make a choice*
2 : power of choosing : OPTION *you have no choice*
3 a : the best part : CREAM b : a person or thing chosen *she was their first choice*
4 : a number and variety to choose among *a plan with a wide choice of options*
5 : care in selecting
6 : a grade of meat between prime and good
Adj.1 : worthy of being chosen
2 : selected with care
3 a : of high quality b : of a grade between prime and good *choice meat*
106
choke
[tʃəuk] vt. 呛；使窒息；阻塞；抑制；扑灭
vi. 窒息；阻塞；[口]说不出话来
n. 窒息；噎；[机]阻气门
Transitive verb
1 : to check or block normal breathing of by compressing or obstructing the trachea or by poisoning or adulterating available air
2 a : to check or hinder the growth, development, or activity of *the flowers were choked by the weeds* b : to obstruct by filling up or clogging *leaves choked the drain* c : to fill completely : JAM *roads choked with traffic*
3 : to enrich the fuel mixture of (a motor) by partially shutting off the air intake of the carburetor
4 : to grip (as a baseball bat) some distance from the end of the handle ? usually used with up
intransitive verb
1 : to become choked in breathing *he choked on a bone*
2 a : to become obstructed or checked b : to become or feel constricted in the throat (as from strong emotion) ? usually used with up *choked up and couldn't finish the speech*
3 : to shorten one's grip especially on the handle of a bat ? usually used with up
4 : to lose one's composure and fail to perform effectively in a critical situation *had a chance to win the game but he choked*
Noun.1 [by folk etymology from artichoke] : the filamentous inedible center of an artichoke flower head; broadly : an artichoke flower head
2 : something that obstructs passage or flow: as a : a valve for choking a gasoline engine b : a constriction in an outlet (as of an oil well) that restricts flow c : REACTOR 2 d : a constriction (as a narrowing of the barrel or an attachment) at the muzzle of a shotgun that serves to limit the spread of shot
3 : the act of choking
107
choleric
['kɔlərik] adj. 易怒的；暴躁的；胆汁质的
Adj.1 : easily moved to often unreasonable or excessive anger : hot-tempered
2 : ANGRY, IRATE
108
choosy
['tʃu:zi] adj. 好挑剔的
| Adj. : fastidiously selective : PARTICULAR *choosy shoppers*
109
chortle
['tʃɔːt(ə)l] n. 得意的高笑
vi. 咯咯笑
Intransitive verb
1 : to sing or chant exultantly *he chortled in his joy ?Lewis Carroll*
2 : to laugh or chuckle especially in satisfaction or exultation
transitive verb : to say or sing with a chortling intonation
110
chronic
['krɔnik] adj. 慢性的；长期的；习惯性的
Adj.1 a : marked by long duration or frequent recurrence : not acute *chronic indigestion* *chronic experiments* b : suffering from a chronic disease *the special needs of chronic patients*
2 a : always present or encountered; especially : constantly vexing, weakening, or troubling *chronic petty warfare* b : being such habitually *a chronic grumbler*
synonyms see INVETERATE
111
chuck
```
[tʃʌk] vt. 丢弃，抛掷；驱逐；轻拍
n. 卡盘；抚弄；赶走；咯咯声
vi. 咯咯叫
Verb. : CLUCK
Noun.used as an endearment
vt.1 : PAT, TAP
2 a : TOSS, THROW b : DISCARD *chucked his old shirt* *chuck it out with the trash* c : DISMISS, OUST ? used especially with out *was chucked out of office*
3 : GIVE UP *chucked his job*
Noun.1 : a pat or nudge under the chin
2 : an abrupt movement or toss
Noun.1 : a cut of beef that includes most of the neck, the parts about the shoulder blade, and those about the first three ribs ? see BEEF illustration
2 chiefly West : FOOD
3 : an attachment for holding a workpiece or tool in a machine (as a drill or lathe)
```
112
chuckle
```
['tʃʌkl] vi. 咯咯的笑，轻声地笑
n. 轻笑，窃笑
vt. 轻声笑着表示
vi.1 : to laugh inwardly or quietly
2 : to make a continuous gentle sound resembling suppressed mirth *the clear bright water chuckled over gravel ?B. A. Williams*
```
113
churl
```
[tʃə:l] n. 吝啬鬼；乡下人；粗暴的人；（中世纪的）农民
Noun.1 : CEORL
2 : a medieval peasant
3 : RUSTIC, COUNTRYMAN
4 a : a rude ill-bred person b : a stingy morose person
```
114
ciliate
['sɪlɪeɪt] n. 纤毛虫
adj. 有纤毛的
Noun.: any of a phylum or subphylum (Ciliophora) of ciliated protozoans (as paramecia)
115
cinder
['sində] n. 煤渣；灰烬
vt. 用煤渣等铺
vi. 用煤渣等铺路面
Noun.1 : the slag from a metal furnace : DROSS
2 a plural : ASHES b : a fragment of ash
3 a : a partly burned combustible in which fire is extinct b : a hot coal without flame c : a partly burned coal capable of further burning without flame
4 : a fragment of lava from an erupting volcano
116
circular
['sə:kjulə] adj. 循环的；圆形的；间接的
n. 通知，传单
Adj.1 a : having the form of a circle : ROUND *a circular orbit* b : moving in or describing a circle or spiral *a circular staircase*
2 a : of or relating to a circle or its mathematical properties *a circular arc* b : having a circular base or bases *a circular cylinder*
3 : CIRCUITOUS, INDIRECT
4 : marked by or moving in a cycle
5 : being or involving reasoning that uses in the argument or proof a conclusion to be proved or one of its unproved consequences
6 : intended for circulation *a circular letter*
Noun. : a paper (as a leaflet) intended for wide distribution
117
citation
[sai'teiʃən] n. 引用，引证；传票；褒扬
Noun.1 : an official summons to appear (as before a court)
2 a : an act of quoting; especially : the citing of a previously settled case at law b : EXCERPT, QUOTATION
3 : MENTION: as a : a formal statement of the achievements of a person receiving an academic honor b : specific reference in a military dispatch to meritorious performance of duty
synonyms see ENCOMIUM
118
civilian
[si'viljən] adj. 民用的；百姓的，平民的
n. 平民，百姓
Noun.1 : a specialist in Roman or modern civil law
2 a : one not on active duty in the armed services or not on a police or firefighting force b : OUTSIDER 1
119
clairvoyance
[klεə'vɔiəns] n. 千里眼；异常的洞察力
Noun.1 : the power or faculty of discerning objects not present to the senses
2 : ability to perceive matters beyond the range of ordinary perception : PENETRATION
120
clairvoyant
[klεə'vɔiənt] n. 千里眼；有洞察力的人
adj. 透视的；有洞察力的
Adj.1 : having clairvoyance : able to see beyond the range of ordinary perception *claims to be clairvoyant*
2 : of or relating to clairvoyance *clairvoyant powers*
Noun.: one having the power of clairvoyance
121
clammy
['klæmi] adj. 湿粘的；湿冷的（形容词比较级clammier，形容词最高级clammiest，名词clamminess，副词clammily）
Adj.1 : being damp, soft, sticky, and usually cool *a clammy and intensely cold mist ?Charles Dickens*
2 : lacking normal human warmth *the clammy atmosphere of an institution*
122
clandestine
[klæn'destin] adj. 秘密的，私下的；偷偷摸摸的
| Adj. : marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy : SURREPTITIOUS *a clandestine love affair*
123
clarity
['klærəti] n. 清楚，明晰；透明
| Noun. : the quality or state of being clear : LUCIDITY
124
clash
[klæʃ] n. 冲突，不协调；碰撞声，铿锵声
vi. 冲突，抵触；砰地相碰撞，发出铿锵声
vt. 使碰撞作声
Intransitive verb
1 : to make a clash *cymbals clashed*
2 : to come into conflict *where ignorant armies clash by night ?Matthew Arnold*; also : to be incompatible *the colors clashed*
transitive verb : to cause to clash
Noun.1 : a noisy usually metallic sound of collision
2 a : a hostile encounter : SKIRMISH b : a sharp conflict *a clash of opinions*
125
clasp
[klɑ:sp, klæsp] n. 扣子，钩子；握手
vt. 紧抱；扣紧；紧紧缠绕
vi. 扣住
Noun.1 a : a device (as a hook) for holding objects or parts together b : a device (as a bar) attached to a military medal to indicate an additional award of the medal or the action or service for which it was awarded
2 : a holding or enveloping with or as if with the hands or arms
vt.1 : to fasten with or as if with a clasp *a robe clasped with a brooch*
2 : to enclose and hold with the arms; specifically : EMBRACE
3 : to seize with or as if with the hand : GRASP
126
cleft
[kleft] adj. 分裂的；劈开的
n. 裂缝；龟裂
v. 劈开；分开（cleave的过去式和过去分词）
Noun.1 : a space or opening made by or as if by splitting : FISSURE
2 : a usually V-shaped indented formation : a hollow between ridges or protuberances *the anal cleft of the human body*
Adj.: partially split or divided; specifically : divided about halfway to the midrib *a cleft leaf*
127
clement
['klemənt] adj. 温和的；仁慈的
Adj.1 : inclined to be merciful : LENIENT *a clement judge*
2 : MILD *clement weather for this time of year*
128
clench
[klentʃ] vt. 紧握；确定；把…敲弯
vi. 握紧；钉牢
n. 紧抓；敲环脚
vt.1 : CLINCH 2
2 : to hold fast : CLUTCH *clenched the arms of the chair*
3 : to set or close tightly *clench one's teeth* *clench one's fists*
129
cliché
['kli:ʃei] n. 陈词滥调，老生常谈；(在艺术、文学、戏剧等中的)陈腐的题材与手法等
adj. 陈旧的，陈腐的；陈规陋习的；老一套的[亦作cliche]
Noun.1 : a trite phrase or expression; also : the idea expressed by it
2 : a hackneyed theme, characterization, or situation
3 : something (as a menu item) that has become overly familiar or commonplace
130
clinch
[klintʃ] v. 扭住；敲弯
n. 拥吻；钉牢
Transitive verb
1 : CLENCH 3
2 a : to turn over or flatten the protruding pointed end of (a driven nail); also : to treat (as a screw, bolt, or rivet) in a similar way b : to fasten in this way
3 a : to make final or irrefutable : SETTLE *that clinched the argument* b : to assure the winning of *scored a touchdown to clinch the game*
intransitive verb
1 : to hold an opponent (as in boxing) at close quarters with one or both arms
2 : to hold fast or firmly
Noun.1 : a fastening by means of a clinched nail, rivet, or bolt; also : the clinched part of a nail, rivet, or bolt
2 archaic : PUN
3 : an act or instance of clinching in boxing
4 : EMBRACE
131
cling
[kliŋ] vi. 坚持，墨守；紧贴；附着
vi.1 a : to hold together b : to adhere as if glued firmly c : to hold or hold on tightly or tenaciously
2 a : to have a strong emotional attachment or dependence *he clung to his friends for support* b : to remain or linger as if resisting complete dissipation or dispersal *the odor clung to the room for hours*
synonyms see STICK
Noun.: an act or instance of clinging : ADHERENCE
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clot
[klɔt] vi. 凝结
n. 凝块
vt. 使凝结成块
Noun.1 : a portion of a substance adhering together in a thick nondescript mass (as of clay or gum)
2 a : a roundish viscous lump formed by coagulation of a portion of liquid or by melting b : a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood
3 British : BLOCKHEAD
4 : CLUSTER, GROUP *a clot of spectators*
intransitive verb
1 : to become a clot : form clots
2 : to undergo a sequence of complex chemical and physical reactions that results in conversion of fluid blood into a coagulated mass : COAGULATE
transitive verb
1 : to cause to form into or as if into a clot
2 : to fill with clots; also : CLOG *clotted streets*
133
cloudburst
['klaudbə:st] n. （突然的）大暴雨；突然涌来的事物
Noun.1 : a sudden copious rainfall
2 : a sudden outpouring : DELUGE *a cloudburst of anger*
134
cloy
```
[klɔi] vt. 吃腻
vi. 吃得太饱
Verb.transitive verb : to surfeit with an excess usually of something originally pleasing
intransitive verb : to cause surfeit
synonyms see SATIATE
```
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cluster
['klʌstə] n. 群；簇；丛；串
vi. 群聚；丛生
vt. 使聚集；聚集在某人的周围
Noun.: a number of similar things that occur together: as a : two or more consecutive consonants or vowels in a segment of speech b : a group of buildings and especially houses built close together on a sizable tract in order to preserve open spaces larger than the individual yard for common recreation c : an aggregation of stars or galaxies that appear close together in the sky and are gravitationally associated d : a larger than expected number of cases of disease (as leukemia) occurring in a particular locality, group of people, or period of time
transitive verb
1 : to collect into a cluster *cluster the tents together*
2 : to furnish with clusters
intransitive verb : to grow, assemble, or occur in a cluster *they clustered around the fire*
136
coagulate
[kəu'æɡjuleit] vt. 使…凝结
vi. 凝结
Adj.archaic : being clotted or congealed
transitive verb
1 : to cause to become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass : CURDLE, CLOT
2 : to gather together or form into a mass or group
intransitive verb : to become coagulated
137
coagulation
[kəu'ægju'leiʃən] n. 凝固，凝结；凝结物
Noun.1 a : the process of becoming viscous, jellylike, or solid or of uniting into a coherent mass; especially : the change from a liquid to a thickened curdlike state not by evaporation but by chemical reaction *the spontaneous coagulation of freshly drawn blood* *the coagulation of egg albumen by heat* b : the process by which such change of state takes place consisting of the alteration of a soluble substance, usually protein, into an insoluble form or of the flocculation or separation of colloidal or suspended matter
2 : a substance or body formed by coagulation : COAGULUM 2
138
coarsen
['kɔ:sn] vt. 使变粗；使变粗俗
vi. 变粗糙；变粗俗
Transitive verb : to make coarse
intransitive verb : to become coarse
139
coda
['kəudə] n. 结尾部分；终结句；尾声；[音]终曲
Noun.1 a : a concluding musical section that is formally distinct from the main structure b : a concluding part of a literary or dramatic work
2 : something that serves to round out, conclude, or summarize and usually has its own interest
140
coddle
['kɔdl] vt. 娇养；溺爱（等于mollycoddle）；用文火煮
vt.1 : to cook (as eggs) in liquid slowly and gently just below the boiling point
2 : to treat with extreme or excessive care or kindness : PAMPER *accused the court of coddling criminals*
141
coeval
['kəu'i:vəl] adj. 同时代的
n. 同时代的人
Adj.: of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration
synonyms see CONTEMPORARY
142
coffer
['kɔfə] n. 围堰；保险箱；金库；资金
vt. 把…放进箱柜；用平顶镶板装饰
Noun.1 : CHEST; especially : STRONGBOX
2 : TREASURY, FUNDS ? usually used in plural
3 : a recessed panel in a vault, ceiling, or soffit
vt.1 : to store or hoard up in a coffer
2 : to form (as a ceiling) with recessed panels
143
cogitate
['kɔdʒiteit] vt. 仔细考虑；谋划
vi. 思考；考虑
Transitive verb : to ponder or meditate on usually intently
intransitive verb : to meditate deeply or intently *cogitating on her career plans*
synonyms see THINK
144
cohesion
[kəu'hi:ʒən] n. 凝聚；结合；内聚力
Noun.1 : the act or state of sticking together tightly; especially : UNITY *the lack of cohesion in the Party ?Times Literary Supplement*
2 : union between similar plant parts or organs
3 : molecular attraction by which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass
145
collage
[kə'lɑ:ʒ] n. 抽象拚贴画（用报纸、布、压平的花等碎片拼合而成的）
vt. 把…创作成拼贴画，拼贴
Noun.1 a : an artistic composition made of various materials (as paper, cloth, or wood) glued on a surface b : a creative work that resembles such a composition in incorporating various materials or elements *the album is a collage of several musical styles*
2 : the art of making collages
3 : HODGEPODGE *a collage of ideas*
4 : a work (as a film) having disparate scenes in rapid succession without transitions
146
collapse
[kə'læps] vi. 倒塌；瓦解；暴跌
vt. 使倒塌，使崩溃；使萎陷
n. 倒塌；失败；衰竭
Intransitive verb
1 : to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely : fall into a jumbled or flattened mass through the force of external pressure *a blood vessel that collapsed*
2 : to break down completely : DISINTEGRATE *his case had collapsed in a mass of legal wreckage ?Erle Stanley Gardner*
3 : to cave or fall in or give way *the bridge collapsed*
4 : to suddenly lose force, significance, effectiveness, or worth *fears that the currency may collapse*
5 : to break down in vital energy, stamina, or self-control through exhaustion or disease; especially : to fall helpless or unconscious
6 : to fold down into a more compact shape *a chair that collapses*
transitive verb
1 : to cause to collapse *buildings collapsed by an earthquake*
2 : CONDENSE *collapse several stories into one*
Noun.1 a : a breakdown in vital energy, strength, or stamina b : a state of extreme prostration and physical depression (as from circulatory failure or great loss of body fluids) c : an airless state of all or part of a lung originating spontaneously or induced surgically
2 : the act or action of collapsing *the cutting of many tent ropes, the collapse of the canvas ?Rudyard Kipling*
3 : a sudden failure : BREAKDOWN, RUIN
4 : a sudden loss of force, value, or effect *the collapse of respect for ancient law and custom ?L. S. B. Leakey*
147
collate
[kɔ'leit] vt. 核对，校对；校勘
vt.1 a : to compare critically b : to collect, compare carefully in order to verify, and often to integrate or arrange in order
2 [Latin collatus, past participle] : to institute (a cleric) to a benefice
3 a : to verify the order of (printed sheets) b : to assemble in proper order; especially : to assemble (as printed sheets) in order for binding
synonyms see COMPARE
148
collision
n. （意见，看法）的抵触，冲突
Noun.1 : an act or instance of colliding : CLASH
2 : an encounter between particles (as atoms or molecules) resulting in exchange or transformation of energy
synonyms see IMPACT
149
colloquy
['kɔləkwi] n. 以对话体写的文章；谈话，会话
Noun.1 : CONVERSATION, DIALOGUE
2 : a high-level serious discussion : CONFERENCE
150
collude
[kə'lu:d] vi. 勾结；串通；共谋
| vi.: CONSPIRE, PLOT *colluded to keep prices high*
151
colt
[kəult] n. 小马；生手
vt. 以笞绳鞭打
Noun.1 a : FOAL; especially : a male foal b : a young male horse that is usually not castrated and has not attained an arbitrarily designated age (as four years)
2 : a young untried person
152
coma
['kəumə] n. 昏迷；彗形像差
Noun.1 : a state of profound unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, or poison
2 : a state of mental or physical sluggishness : TORPOR
Noun.1 : a tufted bunch (as of branches, bracts, or seed hairs)
2 : the head of a comet consisting of a cloud of gas and dust and usually containing a nucleus
3 : an optical aberration in which the image of a point source is a comet-shaped blur
153
comatose
['kəʊmətəʊs; -z] adj. 昏迷的；昏睡状态的；麻木的；怠惰的
Adj.1 : of, resembling, or affected with coma
2 : characterized by lethargic inertness : TORPID *a comatose economy*
154
combat
['kɔmbæt, kəm'bæt] vt. 反对；与…战斗
vi. 战斗；搏斗
n. 战斗；争论
adj. 战斗的；为…斗争的
Noun.1 : a fight or contest between individuals or groups
2 : CONFLICT, CONTROVERSY
3 : active fighting in a war : ACTION *casualties suffered in combat*
intransitive verb : to engage in combat : FIGHT
transitive verb
1 : to fight with : BATTLE
2 : to struggle against; especially : to strive to reduce or eliminate *combat pollution*
synonyms see OPPOSE
Adj.1 : relating to combat *combat missions*
2 : designed or destined for combat *combat boots* *combat troops*
155
comedienne
[kə,meidi'en] n. 喜剧女演员
| Noun.: a woman who is a comedian
156
comely
['kʌmli] adj. 清秀的，标致的
Adj.1 : pleasurably conforming to notions of good appearance, suitability, or proportion
2 : having a pleasing appearance : not homely or plain
synonyms see BEAUTIFUL
157
comestible
[kə'mestibl] n. 食物
adj. 可吃的，可食的
Adj.: EDIBLE
Noun.: FOOD ---usually used in plural
158
comeuppance
[kʌm'ʌp(ə)ns] n. 因果报应，应得的惩罚
| Noun. : a deserved rebuke or penalty : DESERTS
159
comma
['kɔmə] n. 逗号；停顿
Noun.1 : a punctuation mark , used especially as a mark of separation within the sentence
2 : PAUSE, INTERVAL
3 : any of several nymphalid butterflies (genus Polygonia) with a silvery comma-shaped mark on the underside of the hind wings
160
commemorate
[kə'meməreit] vt. 庆祝，纪念；成为…的纪念
vt.1 : to call to remembrance
2 : to mark by some ceremony or observation : OBSERVE *commemorate an anniversary*
3 : to serve as a memorial of *a plaque that commemorates the battle*
synonyms see KEEP
161
commence
[kə'mens] vt. 开始；着手
vi. 使……开始；使……得学位
Transitive verb : to enter upon : BEGIN *commence proceedings*
intransitive verb
1 : to have or make a beginning : START *the meeting will commence soon*
2 chiefly British : to take a degree at a university
synonyms see BEGIN
162
commencement
[kə'mensmənt] n. 开始，发端；毕业典礼
Noun.1 : an act, instance, or time of commencing
2 a : the ceremonies or the day for conferring degrees or diplomas b : the period of activities at this time
