L30 Flashcards
(159 cards)
2
Q
frigidity
A
[fri’dʒiditi] n. 性冷淡；冷淡；寒冷
Noun.: the quality or state of being frigid; specifically : marked or abnormal sexual indifference especially in a woman
3
Q
fringe
A
[frindʒ] n. 边缘；穗；刘海
adj. 边缘的；附加的
vt. 加穗于
Noun.1 : an ornamental border consisting of short straight or twisted threads or strips hanging from cut or raveled edges or from a separate band
2 a : something resembling a fringe : EDGE, PERIPHERY ? often used in plural operated on the fringes of the law b chiefly British : 4BANG c : one of various light or dark bands produced by the interference or diffraction of light d : an area bordering a putting green on a golf course with grass trimmed longer than on the green itself
3 a : something that is marginal, additional, or secondary to some activity, process, or subject a fringe sport b : a group with marginal or extremist views c : FRINGE BENEFIT
vt.1 : to furnish or adorn with a fringe
2 : to serve as a fringe for : BORDER
4
Q
frisk
A
[frisk] vi. 蹦跳；欢跃
n. 搜身；快乐；蹦跳；快乐的时刻
vt. 轻摇
Intransitive verb : to leap, skip, or dance in a lively or playful way : GAMBOL
transitive verb : to search (a person) for something (as a concealed weapon) by running the hand rapidly over the clothing and through the pockets
Noun.1 a archaic : CAPER b : GAMBOL, ROMP c : DIVERSION
2 : an act of frisking
5
Q
frolic
A
['frɒlɪk] n. 嬉闹，嬉戏 adj. 嬉戏的，欢乐的 vi. 嬉戏 Adj.: full of fun : MERRY vi.1 : to amuse oneself : make merry 2 : to play and run about happily : ROMP Noun.1 : a playful or mischievous action 2 a : an occasion or scene of fun : PARTY b : FUN, MERRIMENT
6
Q
frothy
A
[‘frɔθi] adj. 多泡的；起泡的；空洞的，浅薄的
Adj.1 : full of or consisting of froth
2 a : gaily frivolous or light in content or treatment : INSUBSTANTIAL a frothy comedy b : made of light thin material
7
Q
frowzy
A
[‘frauzi] adj. 不整洁的（等于frowsy）；有臭味的；霉臭的
8
Q
fructify
A
[‘frʌktɪfaɪ] vt. 使结果实；使肥沃；富有成果
vi. 结果实；有成果
Intransitive verb : to bear fruit its seeds shall fructify ?Amy Lowell no partnership can fructify without candor on both sides ?D. M. Ogilvy
transitive verb : to make fruitful or productive
10
Q
Full-blown
A
[ful’bləun] adj. 成熟的；（花）盛开的；（帆等）张满的
11
Q
Full-bodied
A
[‘ful’bɔdid] adj. 浓郁的；醇厚的；魁梧的；躯体大的
12
Q
fulminate
A
[‘fʌlmineit] vi. 爆炸；电闪；怒喝
vt. 使爆发；以严词谴责
n. 雷酸盐；烈性炸药
Transitive verb : to utter or send out with denunciation fulminate a decree
intransitive verb : to send forth censures or invectives
Noun. : an often explosive salt (as mercury fulminate) containing the group \CNO
13
Q
fumble
A
[‘fʌmbl] vt. 摸索；笨拙地做；[体育]漏接
vi. 摸索；笨拙地行动；漏球
n. 摸索；笨拙的处理；漏球
Intransitive verb
1 a : to grope for or handle something clumsily or aimlessly b : to make awkward attempts to do or find something fumbled in his pocket for a coin c : to search by trial and error d : BLUNDER
2 : to feel one’s way or move awkwardly
3 a : to drop or juggle or fail to play cleanly a grounder b : to lose hold of a football while handling or running with it
transitive verb
1 : to bring about by clumsy manipulation
2 a : to feel or handle clumsily b : to deal with in a blundering way : BUNGLE
3 : to make (one’s way) in a clumsy manner
4 a : MISPLAY fumble a grounder b : to lose hold of (a football) while handling or running
Noun.1 : an act or instance of fumbling
2 : a fumbled ball
14
Q
fume
A
[fju:m] vi. 冒烟；发怒
vt. 熏；冒烟；愤怒地说
n. 烟；愤怒，烦恼
Noun.1 a : a smoke, vapor, or gas especially when irritating or offensive engine exhaust fumes b : an often noxious suspension of particles in a gas (as air)
2 : something (as an emotion) that impairs one’s reasoning sometimes his head gets a little hot with the fumes of patriotism ?Matthew Arnold
3 : a state of excited irritation or anger ? usually used in the phrase in a fume
transitive verb
1 : to expose to or treat with fumes
2 : to give off in fumes fuming thick black smoke
3 : to utter while in a state of excited irritation or anger
intransitive verb
1 a : to emit fumes b : to be in a state of excited irritation or anger fretted and fumed over the delay
2 : to rise in or as if in fumes
15
Q
funk
A
[fʌŋk] n. 恐惧；怯懦；恐怖；臭味
vt. 害怕；畏缩；使闻到臭味
vi. 惊恐；畏缩；发出臭味
Noun. : a strong offensive smell
intransitive verb : to become frightened and shrink back
transitive verb
1 : to be afraid of : DREAD
2 : to shrink from undertaking or facing
Noun.1 a : a state of paralyzing fear b : a depressed state of mind
2 : one that funks : COWARD
3 : SLUMP 1 an economic funk the team went into a funk
Noun.1 : music that combines traditional forms of black music (as blues, gospel, or soul) and is characterized by a strong backbeat
2 : the quality or state of being funky jeansThave lost much of their funk ?Tom Wolfe
16
Q
funky
A
[‘fʌŋki] adj. 时髦的；畏缩的；[俚]恶臭的
Adj. : being in a funk : PANICKY
Adj.1 : having an offensive odor : FOUL
2 : having an earthy unsophisticated style and feeling; especially : having the style and feeling of older black American music (as blues or gospel) or of funk a slick, heavy beat that is unmistakably contemporary and irresistibly funky ?Jay Cocks
3 a : odd or quaint in appearance or feeling b : lacking style or taste c : unconventionally stylish : HIP
17
Q
furbish
A
[‘fə:biʃ] vt. 磨光；恢复；更新
vt.1 : to make lustrous : POLISH
2 : to give a new look to : RENOVATE ? often used with up
18
Q
furor
A
[‘fju:rɔ:] n. 狂热；激怒；喧闹；感动
Noun.1 : an angry or maniacal fit : RAGE
2 : FURY 4
3 : a fashionable craze : VOGUE
4 a : furious or hectic activity b : an outburst of public excitement or indignation : UPROAR
19
Q
fury
A
[‘fjuəri] n. 狂怒；暴怒；激怒者
Noun.1 : intense, disordered, and often destructive rage
2 a capitalized : any of the avenging deities in Greek mythology who torment criminals and inflict plagues b : an avenging spirit c : one who resembles an avenging spirit; especially : a spiteful woman
3 : extreme fierceness or violence
4 : a state of inspired exaltation : FRENZY
synonyms see ANGER
20
Q
fuss
A
[fʌs] vi. 小题大作；忙乱；焦燥；焦急；无事自扰
n. 大惊小怪，大惊小怪的人；小题大作；忙乱
vt. 使烦恼，使烦忧
Noun.1 a : needless bustle or excitement b : a show of flattering attention made a big fuss over his favorite niece
2 a : a state of agitation especially over a trivial matter b : OBJECTION, PROTEST c : an often petty controversy or quarrel
intransitive verb
1 a : to create or be in a state of restless activity; especially : to shower flattering attentions fussing over the grandchildren b : to pay close or undue attention to small details fussed with her hair
2 a : to become upset : WORRY b : to express annoyance or pique : COMPLAIN
transitive verb : AGITATE, UPSET
21
Q
fusty
A
[‘fʌsti] adj. 发霉的；守旧的，老式的
Adj.1 British : impaired by age or dampness : MOLDY
2 : saturated with dust and stale odors : MUSTY
3 : rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary
synonyms see MALODOROUS
22
Q
futility
A
[fju:’tiliti] n. 无用；徒劳；无价值
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being futile : USELESSNESS
2 : a useless act or gesture the futilities of debate for its own sake ?W. A. White
23
Q
gab
A
[ɡæb] vi. 空谈；瞎扯闲聊；唠叨 n. 多嘴；饶舌；爱说话唠叨 vi.: to talk in a rapid or thoughtless manner : CHATTER Noun. : TALK; especially : idle talk Noun.: GABARDINE 2
24
Q
gabble
A
[‘ɡæbl] vi. 急促而含糊地说话
vt. 喋喋不休地说；七嘴八嘴地说
n. 急促不清的话
Intransitive verb
1 : to talk fast or foolishly : JABBER
2 : to utter inarticulate or animal sounds
transitive verb : to say with incoherent rapidity : BABBLE
25
Q
gabby
A
[‘ɡæbi] adj. 饶舌的，多嘴的
Adj.: TALKATIVE, GARRULOUS
26
Q
gadget
A
[‘ɡædʒit] n. 小玩意；小器具；小配件；诡计
noun.: an often small mechanical or electronic device with a practical use but often thought of as a novelty
27
gaff
[ɡæf] n. 鱼叉；斜桁；[英俚]低级娱乐场所
vt. 用鱼叉捉；用鱼钩拖上来；[俚]欺骗
vi. [英俚]赌博
Noun.1 a : a spear or spearhead for taking fish or turtles b : a handled hook for holding or lifting heavy fish c : a metal spur for a gamecock d : a butcher's hook e : a climbing iron or its steel point used by a telephone lineman
2 : the spar on which the head of a fore-and-aft sail is extended
3 : GAFFE
vt.1 : to strike or secure with a gaff
2 : to fit (a gamecock) with a gaff
Noun.British : a cheap theater or music hall
Noun.1 a : something painful or difficult to bear : ORDEAL ? usually used in the phrase stand the gaff; especially : persistent raillery or criticism b : rough treatment : ABUSE
2 a : HOAX, FRAUD b : GIMMICK, TRICK
vt.1 : DECEIVE, TRICK; also : FLEECE
2 : to fix for the purpose of cheating *gaff the dice*
28
gaffe
[ɡæf] n. 失态；过失
Noun.1 : a social or diplomatic blunder
2 : a noticeable mistake
29
gaiety
['ɡeiəti] n. 快乐，兴高采烈；庆祝活动，喜庆；（服饰）华丽，艳丽
Noun.1 : MERRYMAKING; also : festive activity ? often used in plural
2 : high spirits : MERRIMENT
3 : ELEGANCE, FINERY
30
gambol
['ɡæmbəl] vi. 雀跃；耍闹
n. 雀跃；嬉戏
vi. : to skip about in play : FRISK, FROLIC
Noun.: a skipping or leaping about in play
31
gander
```
['ɡændə] n. 雄鹅；呆子；一瞥
vi. 闲逛
Noun.1 : an adult male goose
2 : SIMPLETON
Noun. : LOOK, GLANCE *take a gander*
```
32
gangling
['ɡæŋɡliŋ] adj. 过分瘦长的；动作笨拙难看的
v. 笨拙地移动（gangle的ing形式）
Adj.: loosely and awkwardly built : LANKY
33
gangly
['ɡæŋɡli] adj. 身材瘦长的
| Adj. : GANGLING
34
gangway
['ɡæŋwei] n. 舷梯；跳板；进出通路；座间过道
int. 让路
Noun.1 : PASSAGEWAY; especially : a temporary way of planks
2 a : either of the sides of the upper deck of a ship b : the opening by which a ship is boarded c : GANGPLANK
3 British : AISLE
4 a : a cross aisle dividing the front benches from the backbenches in the British House of Commons b : an aisle in the British House of Commons that separates government and opposition benches
5 : a clear passage through a crowd ? often used as an interjection
35
gape
[ɡeip] vi. 裂开，张开；打呵欠
n. 裂口，张嘴；呵欠
vi.1 a : to open the mouth wide b : to open or part widely *holes gaped in the pavement*
2 : to gaze stupidly or in openmouthed surprise or wonder
3 : YAWN
Noun.1 : an act of gaping: a : YAWN b : an openmouthed stare
2 : an unfilled space or extent
3 a : the median margin-to-margin length of the open mouth b : the line along which the mandibles of a bird close c : the width of an opening
4 plural but singular in construction a : a disease of birds and especially young birds in which gapeworms invade and irritate the trachea b : a fit of yawning
36
garbled
['ɡɑ:bld] adj. 篡改的；混乱的；引起误解的
| v. 断章取义（garble的过去式和过去分词）
37
gargantuan
[ɡɑ:'ɡæntjuən] adj. 庞大的，巨大的
| Adj. : tremendous in size, volume, or degree : GIGANTIC, COLOSSAL *gargantuan waterfalls*
38
gargoyle
['ɡɑ:ɡɔil] n. 滴水嘴
Noun.1 a : a spout in the form of a grotesque human or animal figure projecting from a roof gutter to throw rainwater clear of a building b : a grotesquely carved figure
2 : a person with an ugly face
39
garment
['ɡɑ:mənt] n. 衣服，服装；外表，外观
vt. 给…穿衣服
Noun.: an article of clothing
vt. : to clothe with or as if with a garment
40
garner
['ɡɑ:nə] vt. 获得；储存；把…储入谷仓
n. 谷仓
vt.1 a : to gather into storage b : to deposit as if in a granary *volumes in which he has garnered the fruits of his lifetime labors ?Reinhold Niebuhr*
2 a : to acquire by effort : EARN b : ACCUMULATE, COLLECT
41
garnish
['ɡɑ:niʃ] vt. 装饰
n. 为增加色香味而添加的配菜；装饰品
vt.1 a : DECORATE, EMBELLISH b : to add decorative or savory touches to (food or drink)
2 : to equip with accessories : FURNISH
3 : GARNISHEE
synonyms see ADORN
Noun.1 : EMBELLISHMENT, ORNAMENT
2 : something (as lemon wedges or parsley) used to garnish food or drink
3 a : an unauthorized fee formerly extorted from a new inmate of an English jail b : a similar payment required of a new worker
42
garrulity
[ɡə'ru:liti] n. 饶舌；[医]多言；多嘴
| Noun. : the quality or state of being garrulous
43
gaseous
['ɡæsiəs] adj. 气态的，气体的；无实质的
Adj.1 : having the form of or being gas; also : of or relating to gases
2 a : lacking substance or solidity b : GASSY 3 *trick phrases and gaseous circumlocutions ?Edwin Newman*
44
gauche
[ɡəuʃ] adj. 笨拙的；粗鲁的；不善交际的；偏转的
Adj.1 a : lacking social experience or grace; also : not tactful : CRUDE *it would be gauche to mention the subject* b : crudely made or done *a gauche turn of phrase*
2 : not planar *gauche conformation of molecules*
synonyms see AWKWARD
45
gaunt
[ɡɔ:nt] adj. 憔悴的；荒凉的；枯瘦的
Adj.1 : excessively thin and angular *a long gaunt face*
2 : BARREN, DESOLATE
synonyms see LEAN
46
gavel
['ɡævəl] n. （拍卖商、法官、议长用的）小木槌
Noun.: rent or tribute in medieval England
Noun. : a mallet used (as by a presiding officer or auctioneer) for commanding attention or confirming an action (as a vote or sale)
vt.: to bring or force by use of a gavel *gaveled the audience to silence*
47
gawky
['ɡɔ:ki] adj. 笨拙的，鲁钝的
n. 笨拙的人
Adj. : AWKWARD, CLUMSY *a gawky adolescent*
48
gaze
[ɡeiz] vi. 凝视；注视
n. 凝视；注视
vi.: to fix the eyes in a steady intent look often with eagerness or studious attention
Noun. : a fixed intent look
49
genesis
['dʒenisis] n. 发生；起源
| Noun.: the origin or coming into being of something *the genesis of a new political movement*
50
genteel
```
[dʒen'ti:l] adj. 有教养的，文雅的；上流社会的
Adj.1 a : having an aristocratic quality or flavor : STYLISH b : of or relating to the gentry or upper class c : elegant or graceful in manner, appearance, or shape d : free from vulgarity or rudeness : POLITE
2 a : maintaining or striving to maintain the appearance of superior or middle-class social status or respectability b (1) : marked by false delicacy, prudery, or affectation (2) : conventionally or insipidly pretty *timid and genteel artistic style*
```
51
genuine
['dʒenjuin] adj. 真实的，真正的；诚恳的
Adj.1 a : actually having the reputed or apparent qualities or character *genuine vintage wines* b : actually produced by or proceeding from the alleged source or author *the signature is genuine* c : sincerely and honestly felt or experienced *a deep and genuine love* d : ACTUAL, TRUE *a genuine improvement*
2 : free from hypocrisy or pretense : SINCERE
synonyms see AUTHENTIC
52
germicide
['dʒə:misaid] n. 杀菌剂，杀菌物
| Noun. : an agent that destroys germs
53
gerontocracy
[,dʒerɔn'tɔkrəsi] n. 老人政治；老人政府
Noun.: rule by elders; specifically : a form of social organization in which a group of old men or a council of elders dominates or exercises control
54
gestate
['dʒesteit] vt. 使怀孕
vi. 孕育，创案
Transitive verb
1 : to carry in the uterus during pregnancy
2 : to conceive and gradually develop in the mind
intransitive verb : to be in the process of gestation
55
gesticulate
[dʒe'stɪkjʊleɪt] vt. 用手势谈话；做姿势表达
vi. 用姿势示意；（讲话时）做手势
vi. : to make gestures especially when speaking
56
gesture
['dʒestʃə] n. 姿态；手势
vi. 作手势；用动作示意
vt. 用动作表示
Noun.1 archaic : CARRIAGE, BEARING
2 : a movement usually of the body or limbs that expresses or emphasizes an idea, sentiment, or attitude
3 : the use of motions of the limbs or body as a means of expression
4 : something said or done by way of formality or courtesy, as a symbol or token, or for its effect on the attitudes of others *a political gesture to draw popular support ?V. L. Parrington*
intransitive verb : to make a gesture
transitive verb : to express or direct by a gesture
57
giggle
['ɡiɡl] vi. 傻笑；咯咯地笑
vt. 咯咯地笑着说
n. 吃吃的笑
Intransitive verb : to laugh with repeated short catches of the breath
transitive verb : to utter with a giggle
Noun.1 : the act of giggling
2 chiefly British : a source of amusement
58
gild
[gild] vt. 镀金；虚饰；供给钱
vt.1 : to overlay with or as if with a thin covering of gold
2 a : to give money to b : to give an attractive but often deceptive appearance to c archaic : to make bloody
59
gimmick
['ɡimik] n. 暗机关；骗人的玩意
vt. 使暗机关；搞骗人的玩意
Noun.1 a : a mechanical device for secretly and dishonestly controlling gambling apparatus b : an ingenious or novel mechanical device : GADGET
2 a : an important feature that is not immediately apparent : CATCH b : an ingenious and usually new scheme or angle c : a trick or device used to attract business or attention *a marketing gimmick*
vt.1 : to alter or influence by means of a gimmick
2 : to provide with a gimmick ? often used with up
60
gingerly
['dʒɪndʒəlɪ] adj. 谨慎的；轻手轻脚的；慎重的
adv. 小心翼翼地；慎重地
Adj. : very cautious or careful
61
gist
[dʒist] n. 主旨，要点；依据
Noun.1 : the ground of a legal action
2 : the main point or part : ESSENCE *the gist of an argument*
62
gladiator
['ɡlædieitə] n. 斗剑者；古罗马公开表演的格斗者；争论者
Noun.1 : a person engaged in a fight to the death as public entertainment for ancient Romans
2 : a person engaging in a public fight or controversy
3 : a trained fighter; especially : a professional boxer
63
glamor
['ɡlæmə] n. 魅力；魔法；迷人的美（等于glamour）
vt. 迷惑；使有魅力（等于glamour）
Noun.1 : a magic spell *the girls appeared to be under a glamour ?Llewelyn Powys*
2 : an exciting and often illusory and romantic attractiveness *the glamour of Hollywood*; especially : alluring or fascinating attraction ? often used attributively *glamour stock* *glamour girls* *whooping cranes andTother glamour birds ?R. T. Peterson*
64
glare
[ɡlεə] n. 刺眼；耀眼的光；受公众注目
vi. 瞪眼表示
vt. 瞪视；发眩光
Intransitive verb
1 a : to shine with a harsh uncomfortably brilliant light b : STAND OUT, OBTRUDE
2 : to stare angrily or fiercely
transitive verb
1 : to express (as hostility) by staring angrily
2 archaic : to cause to be sharply reflected
Noun.1 a : a harsh uncomfortably bright light *the glare of a neon sign* *the glare of publicity*; especially : painfully bright sunlight b : cheap showy brilliance : GARISHNESS
2 : an angry or fierce stare
3 : a surface or sheet of smooth and slippery ice
65
gleam
[ɡli:m] n. 微光；闪光；瞬息的一现
vi. 闪烁；隐约地闪现
vt. 使闪烁；使发微光
Noun.1 a : a transient appearance of subdued or partly obscured light *the gleam of dawn in the east* b (1) : a small bright light *the gleam of a match* (2) : GLINT *a gleam in his eyes*
2 : a brief or faint appearance *a gleam of hope*
intransitive verb
1 : to shine with or as if with subdued steady light or moderate brightness
2 : to appear briefly or faintly *a light gleamed in the distance*
transitive verb : to cause to gleam
synonyms see FLASH
66
glean
[ɡli:n] vt. 收集（资料）；拾（落穗）
vi. 收集；拾落穗
Intransitive verb
1 : to gather grain or other produce left by reapers
2 : to gather information or material bit by bit
transitive verb
1 a : to pick up after a reaper b : to strip (as a field) of the leavings of reapers
2 a : to gather (as information) bit by bit b : to pick over in search of relevant material *gleaning old files for information*
3 : FIND OUT
67
glee
['ɡli:] n. 快乐；欢欣；重唱歌曲
Noun.1 : exultant high-spirited joy : MERRIMENT
2 : a part-song for usually male voices
68
glib
[ɡlib] adj. 口齿伶俐的，油嘴滑舌的
Adj.1 a : marked by ease and informality : NONCHALANT b : showing little forethought or preparation : OFFHAND *glib answers* c : lacking depth and substance : SUPERFICIAL *glib solutions to knotty problems*
2 archaic : SMOOTH, SLIPPERY
3 : marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful *a glib politician*
69
glide
[ɡlaid] n. 滑翔；滑行；滑移；滑音
vt. 滑翔；滑行；悄悄地走；消逝
vi. 使滑行；使滑动
Intransitive verb
1 : to move smoothly, continuously, and effortlessly *swans gliding over the lake*
2 : to go or pass imperceptibly *hours glided by*
3 a of an airplane : to descend gradually in controlled flight b : to fly in a glider
4 : to produce a glide (as in music or speech)
transitive verb : to cause to glide
Noun.1 : a calm stretch of shallow water flowing smoothly
2 : the act or action of gliding
3 : PORTAMENTO
4 a : a less prominent vowel sound produced by the passing of the vocal organs to or from the articulatory position of a speech sound ? compare DIPHTHONG b : SEMIVOWEL
5 : a device for facilitating movement of something; especially : a circular usually metal button attached to the bottom of furniture legs to provide a smooth surface
70
glimmer
['ɡlimə] n. 微光；闪光；少许
vi. 闪烁；发微光
vi.1 a : to shine faintly or unsteadily b : to give off a subdued unsteady reflection
2 : to appear indistinctly with a faintly luminous quality
synonyms see FLASH
Noun.1 a : a feeble or intermittent light b : a subdued unsteady shining or sparkle
2 a : a dim perception or faint idea : INKLING b : HINT, SPARK *a glimmer of intelligence*
71
glimpse
```
[ɡlimps] n. 一瞥，一看
vi. 瞥见
vt. 瞥见
Intransitive verb
1 archaic : GLIMMER
2 : to look briefly
transitive verb : to get a brief look at
Noun.1 archaic : GLIMMER
2 : a fleeting view or look
```
72
glisten
```
['ɡlisən] vi. 闪光，闪亮
n. 闪光，闪耀
vi. : to give off a sparkling or lustrous reflection of or as if of a moist or polished surface
synonyms see FLASH
Noun. : GLITTER, SPARKLE
```
73
glitter
['ɡlitə] vi. 闪光；闪烁
n. 闪光；灿烂
vi.1 a : to shine by reflection with many small flashes of brilliant light : SPARKLE *sequins glittered in the spotlight* b : to shine with strong emotion : FLASH *eyes glittering in anger*
2 : to be brilliantly attractive, lavish, or spectacular; also : to be superficially attractive or exciting
synonyms see FLASH
Noun.1 a : sparkling brilliance of something that glitters b : a bright usually superficial attractiveness c : the quality of being spectacular
2 : small glittering objects used for ornamentation
74
gloomy
['ɡlu:mi] adj. 黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的
Adj.1 a : partially or totally dark; especially : dismally and depressingly dark *gloomy weather* b : having a frowning or scowling appearance : FORBIDDING *a gloomy countenance* c : low in spirits : MELANCHOLY
2 a : causing gloom : DEPRESSING *a gloomy story* *a gloomy landscape* b : lacking in promise or hopefulness : PESSIMISTIC *gloomy prophecies* *a gloomy future*
synonyms see DISMAL, SULLEN
75
glorify
['ɡlɔ:rifai] vt. 赞美；美化；崇拜（神）；使更壮丽
vt.1 a : to make glorious by bestowing honor, praise, or admiration b : to elevate to celestial glory
2 : to light up brilliantly
3 a : to represent as glorious : EXTOL *a song glorifying romantic love* b : to cause to be or seem to be better than the actual condition *the new position is just a glorified version of the old stockroom job*
4 : to give glory to (as in worship)
76
glow
[ɡləu] vi. 发热；洋溢；绚丽夺目
n. 灼热；色彩鲜艳；兴高采烈
vi.1 a : to shine with or as if with an intense heat *embers glowing in the darkness* b (1) : to have a rich warm typically ruddy color *cheeks glowing with health* (2) : FLUSH, BLUSH *the children glowed with excitement*
2 a : to experience a sensation of or as if of heat *glowing with rage* b : to show exuberance or elation *glow with pride*
Noun.1 : brightness or warmth of color; especially : REDNESS
2 a : warmth of feeling or emotion b : a sensation of warmth *the drug produces a sustained glow*
3 a : the state of glowing with heat and light b : light such as is emitted by a solid body heated to luminosity : INCANDESCENCE
77
glower
[ɡləuə] vi. 怒目而视；瞪眼
n. 怒视；热切的注视；灯丝
vi.: to look or stare with sullen annoyance or anger
Noun.: a sullen brooding look of annoyance or anger
78
glowing
['ɡləuiŋ] adj. 灼热的；热情洋溢的；鲜艳的
v. 发光；容光焕发（glow的ing形式）；发热
Adj.: that glows: a : burning incandescently b (1) : marked by a rich warm coloration *glowing colors* (2) : marked by a radiant healthfully ruddy coloration *glowing good health* c (1) : ARDENT, FERVID, IMPASSIONED *glowing devotion* (2) : highly enthusiastic : WARM, EXUBERANT *a glowing account of the trip* *glowing praise* *a glowing description*
79
gnaw
[nɔ:] vt. 咬；折磨；侵蚀
vi. 咬；折磨；侵蚀
Transitive verb
1 a : to bite or chew on with the teeth; especially : to wear away by persistent biting or nibbling *a dog gnawing a bone* b : to make by gnawing *rats gnawed a hole*
2 a : to be a source of vexation to : PLAGUE *anxiety always gnawing him* b : to affect like gnawing *hunger gnawing her vitals*
3 : ERODE, CORRODE
intransitive verb
1 : to bite or nibble persistently *gnawing at his underlip*
2 : to produce an effect of or as if of gnawing *waves gnawing away at the cliffs*
80
gnawing
['nɔ:iŋ] adj. 令人痛苦的；折磨人的
n. 咬；不断的苦痛
v. 咬；侵蚀（gnaw的ing形式）
Noun.1 : a persistent pain especially in the stomach or bowels resembling that caused by gnawing
2 gnawings plural : PANGS *gnawings of hunger*
81
goad
[ɡəud] n. 刺激；（赶牲口用的）刺棒；激励
vt. 刺激；激励；用刺棒驱赶；煽动
Noun.1 a : something that pains as if by pricking : THORN b : something that urges or stimulates into action : SPUR
2 : a pointed rod used to urge on an animal
synonyms see MOTIVE
vt.1 : to incite or rouse as if with a goad
2 : to drive (as cattle) with a goad
82
gobble
['ɡɔbl] vi. 贪食；咯咯叫
vt. 狼吞虎咽
n. 火鸡叫声
vt.1 : to swallow or eat greedily
2 : to take eagerly : GRAB ? usually used with up
3 : to read rapidly or greedily ? usually used with up
vi.1 : to make the natural guttural noise of a male turkey
2 : to make a sound resembling the gobble of a turkey
83
goblet
['ɡɔblit] n. 酒杯；高脚杯
Noun.1 archaic : a bowl-shaped drinking vessel without handles
2 : a drinking vessel (as of glass) with a foot and stem ? compare TUMBLER
84
goggle
['ɡɔɡl] vi. 眼珠转动；瞪眼看
n. 护目镜，风镜；眼睛睁视
adj. 瞪眼的，睁眼的
vt. 使瞪眼；使眼珠转动
vi. : to stare with wide or protuberant eyes
Adj. : PROTUBERANT, STARING *goggle eyes*
85
goldbrick
['ɡəuldbrik] n. 懒汉；假金砖；赝品
vi. 称病
vt. 欺诈；偷懒
Noun.1 a : a worthless brick that appears to be of gold b : something that appears to be valuable but is actually worthless
2 : a person who shirks assigned work
transitive verb : SWINDLE
intransitive verb : to shirk duty or responsibility
86
goof
[ɡu:f] n. 呆瓜
vi. 打发时间；混；出大错
vt. 弄糟
Noun.1 : a silly or stupid person
2 : BLUNDER
intransitive verb
1 a : to spend time idly or foolishly ? usually used with off *goofing off instead of working* b : to engage in playful activity ? usually used with around *goofing around after school*
2 : to make a usually foolish or careless mistake : BLUNDER ? often used with up
transitive verb : to make a mess of : BUNGLE ? usually used with up *goofed up the assignment*
87
gorge
[ɡɔ:dʒ] n. 峡谷；胃；暴食；咽喉；障碍物
vt. 使吃饱；吞下；使扩张
vi. 拚命吃；狼吞虎咽
Noun.1 : THROAT ? often used with rise to indicate revulsion accompanied by a sensation of constriction *my gorge rises at the sight of blood*
2 a : a hawk's crop b : STOMACH, BELLY
3 : the entrance into an outwork (as a bastion) of a fort
4 : a narrow passage through land; especially : a narrow steep-walled canyon or part of a canyon
5 : a primitive device used instead of a fishhook that consists of an object (as a piece of bone attached in the middle of a line) easy to swallow but difficult to eject
6 : a mass choking a passage *a river dammed by an ice gorge*
7 : the line on the front of a coat or jacket formed by the crease of the lapel and collar
intransitive verb : to eat greedily or to repletion; also : to partake of something in large amounts *gorging on books*
intransitive verb
1 a : to stuff to capacity : GLUT b : to fill completely or to the point of distension *veins gorged with blood*
2 : to consume greedily
synonyms see SATIATE
Noun.: the act or an instance of gorging
88
gourmand
['ɡuəmənd] n. 美食家；贪食者
adj. 贪食的
Noun.1 : one who is excessively fond of eating and drinking
2 : one who is heartily interested in good food and drink
synonyms see EPICURE
89
gourmet
['ɡuəmei] n. 美食家
Noun. : a connoisseur of food and drink; broadly : CONNOISSEUR 2 *a film gourmet*
synonyms see EPICURE
90
governance
['ɡʌvənəns] n. 管理；统治；支配
| Noun.: GOVERNMENT
91
gracile
['græsɪl; 'græsaɪl] adj. 纤弱的，细长的；纤细优美的
Adj.1 : SLENDER, SLIGHT
2 : GRACEFUL
3 : of, relating to, resembling, or being a relatively small slender australopithecine (genus Australopithecus) characterized especially by molars and incisors of similar size that are adapted to a diet including both plant matter and animal flesh ? compare ROBUST 5
92
gracious
['ɡreiʃəs] adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的
int. 天哪；哎呀
Adj.1 a obsolete : GODLY b archaic : PLEASING, ACCEPTABLE
2 a : marked by kindness and courtesy *a gracious host* b : GRACEFUL c : marked by tact and delicacy : URBANE d : characterized by charm, good taste, generosity of spirit, and the tasteful leisure of wealth and good breeding *gracious living*
3 : MERCIFUL, COMPASSIONATE ? used conventionally of royalty and high nobility
93
grant
[ɡrɑ:nt, ɡrænt] vt. 授予；允许；承认
vi. 同意
n. 拨款；授予物
vt.1 a : to consent to carry out for a person : allow fulfillment of *grant a request* b : to permit as a right, privilege, or favor *luggage allowances granted to passengers*
2 : to bestow or transfer formally *grant a scholarship to a student*; specifically : to give the possession or title of by a deed
3 a : to be willing to concede b : to assume to be true *granting that you are correct, you may find it hard to prove your point*
Noun.1 : the act of granting
2 : something granted; especially : a gift (as of land or money) for a particular purpose
3 a : a transfer of property by deed or writing b : the instrument by which such a transfer is made; also : the property so transferred
4 : a minor territorial division of Maine, New Hampshire, or Vermont originally granted by the state to an individual or institution
94
granule
['ɡrænju:l] n. 颗粒
Noun.1 : a small particle; especially : one of numerous particles forming a larger unit
2 : any of the small short-lived brilliant spots on the sun's photosphere
95
grasping
['ɡrɑ:spiŋ] adj. 贪婪的；紧紧抓住的
v. 理解，领会（grasp的现在分词形式）；抓紧，抓牢
Adj. : desiring material possessions urgently and excessively and often to the point of ruthlessness
synonyms see COVETOUS
96
grate
[ɡreit] vt. 装格栅于；磨擦
vi. 发摩擦声
n. 壁炉；格栅
Transitive verb
1 archaic : ABRADE
2 : to reduce to small particles by rubbing on something rough *grate cheese*
3 : FRET, IRRITATE
4 a : to gnash or grind noisily b : to cause to make a rasping sound c : to utter in a harsh voice
intransitive verb
1 : to rub or rasp noisily
2 : to cause irritation : JAR *a voice that grates on the nerves*
Noun.1 a : a barred frame for cooking over a fire b : a frame or bed of iron bars to hold a stove or furnace fire c : FIREPLACE
2 : GRATING 2
3 obsolete : CAGE, PRISON
vt. : to furnish with a grate
97
gratification
[,ɡrætifi'keiʃən] n. 满意；喜悦；使人满意之事
Noun.1 : REWARD, RECOMPENSE; especially : GRATUITY
2 : the act of gratifying : the state of being gratified
3 : a source of satisfaction or pleasure
98
gratuity
[ɡrə'tju:əti] n. 赏钱，小费；赠物；退职金
| Noun.: something given voluntarily or beyond obligation usually for some service; especially : TIP
99
gravel
['ɡrævəl] n. 碎石；砂砾
vt. 用碎石铺；使船搁浅在沙滩上；使困惑
Noun.1 obsolete : SAND
2 a : loose rounded fragments of rock b : a stratum or deposit of gravel; also : a surface covered with gravel *a gravel road*
3 : small calculi in the kidneys and urinary bladder
vt.1 : to cover or spread with gravel
2 a : PERPLEX, CONFOUND b : IRRITATE, NETTLE *disappointedTand graveled him a good deal ?Mark Twain*
Adj.: GRAVELLY 2 ? used of the human voice
100
gravitate
['ɡræviteit] vi. 受引力作用；被吸引
vi.1 : to move under the influence of gravitation
2 a : to move toward something b : to be drawn or attracted especially by natural inclination *youngstersTgravitate toward a strong leader ?Rose Friedman*
101
greenhorn
['ɡri:nhɔ:n] n. 生手；不懂世故的人；易受骗的人
1 : an inexperienced or naive person
2 : a newcomer (as to a country) unacquainted with local manners and customs
102
gregariousness
[gri'gɛəriəsnis] n. 群集度；合群性
| Noun.: the quality or state of being gregarious
103
grievance
['ɡri:vəns] n. 不满，不平；委屈；冤情
Noun.1 obsolete : SUFFERING, DISTRESS
2 : a cause of distress (as an unsatisfactory working condition) felt to afford reason for complaint or resistance
3 : the formal expression of a grievance : COMPLAINT
synonyms see INJUSTICE
104
grievous
['ɡri:vəs] adj. 痛苦的；剧烈的
Adj.1 : causing or characterized by severe pain, suffering, or sorrow *a grievous wound* *a grievous loss*
2 : OPPRESSIVE, ONEROUS *grievous costs of war*
3 : SERIOUS, GRAVE *grievous fault*
105
grill
[ɡril] vt. 烧，烤；烤问
vi. 烧，烤；严加盘问
n. 烤架，铁格子；烤肉
vt.1 : to broil on a grill; also : to fry or toast on a griddle
2 a : to torment as if by broiling b : to question intensely *the police grilled the suspect*
Noun.1 : a cooking utensil of parallel bars on which food is exposed to heat (as from charcoal or electricity)
2 : food that is broiled usually on a grill ? compare MIXED GRILL
3 : a usually informal restaurant or dining room
106
grimace
[ɡri'meis] vi. 扮鬼脸；作怪相；作苦相
n. 鬼脸；怪相；痛苦的表情
Noun.: a facial expression usually of disgust, disapproval, or pain
107
grin
[ɡrin] v. 露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑
n. 露齿笑
vi. : to draw back the lips so as to show the teeth especially in amusement or laughter; broadly : SMILE
108
gripe
[ɡraip] n. 控制；发牢骚；肠绞痛
vt. 绞痛；握紧；惹恼
vi. 抱怨，发牢骚；肠绞痛
Transitive verb
1 archaic : SEIZE, GRASP
2 a : AFFLICT, DISTRESS b : IRRITATE, VEX
3 : to cause pinching and spasmodic pain in the bowels of
intransitive verb
1 : to experience gripes
2 : to complain with grumbling
Noun.1 archaic : CLUTCH, GRASP; broadly : CONTROL, MASTERY
2 : a pinching spasmodic intestinal pain ? usually used in plural
3 : GRIEVANCE, COMPLAINT
109
grisly
['ɡrizli] adj. 可怕的；厉害的；严重的
Adj.1 : inspiring horror or intense fear *houses that were dark and grisly under the blank, cold sky ?D. H. Lawrence*
2 : inspiring disgust or distaste *a grisly account of the fire*
synonyms see GHASTLY
110
grit
[ɡrit] vt. 研磨；在…上铺砂砾
vi. 摩擦作声
n. 粗砂，砂砾
Noun.1 a : SAND, GRAVEL b : a hard sharp granule (as of sand); also : material (as many abrasives) composed of such granules
2 : any of several sandstones
3 a : the structure of a stone that adapts it to grinding b : the size of abrasive particles usually expressed as their mesh
4 : firmness of mind or spirit : unyielding courage in the face of hardship or danger
5 capitalized : a Liberal in Canadian politics
intransitive verb : to give forth a grating sound
transitive verb
1 : to cause (as one's teeth) to grind or grate
2 : to cover or spread with grit; especially : to smooth (as marble) with a coarse abrasive
111
groan
[ɡrəun] vi. 呻吟；抱怨；发吱嘎声
vt. 呻吟；抱怨
n. 呻吟；叹息；吱嘎声
Intransitive verb
1 : to utter a deep moan indicative of pain, grief, or annoyance
2 : to make a harsh sound (as of creaking) under sudden or prolonged strain
transitive verb : to utter or express with groaning
112
groom
[ɡru:m] vt. 整饰；推荐；喂马
n. 新郎；马夫；男仆
vi. 打扮
Noun.1 archaic : MAN, FELLOW
2 a (1) archaic : MANSERVANT (2) : one of several officers of the English royal household b : a person responsible for the feeding, exercising, and stabling of horses
3 : BRIDEGROOM
transitive verb
1 : to clean and maintain the appearance of (as the coat of a horse or dog)
2 : to make neat or attractive *an impeccably groomed woman*
3 : to get into readiness for a specific objective : PREPARE *was being groomed as a presidential candidate*
intransitive verb : to groom oneself
113
groove
[ɡru:v] n. 凹槽，槽；最佳状态；惯例
vt. 开槽于
vi. 形成沟槽
Noun.1 : a long narrow channel or depression
2 a : a fixed routine : RUT b : a situation suited to one's abilities or interests : NICHE
3 : top form *a great talker when he is in the groove*
4 : the middle of the strike zone in baseball where a pitch is most easily hit *a fastball right in the groove*
5 : an enjoyable or exciting experience
6 : a pronounced enjoyable rhythm
transitive verb
1 a : to make a groove in b : to join by a groove
2 : to perfect by repeated practice *grooved her golf swing*
3 : to throw (a pitch) in the groove
intransitive verb
1 : to become joined or fitted by a groove
2 : to form a groove
3 : to enjoy oneself intensely
4 : to interact harmoniously *contemporary minds and rock groove together ?Benjamin DeMott*
114
gross
[ɡrəus] adj. 总共的；粗野的；恶劣的；显而易见的
vt. 总共收入
n. 总额，总数
Adj.1 a archaic : immediately obvious b (1) : glaringly noticeable usually because of inexcusable badness or objectionableness *a gross error* (2) : OUT-AND-OUT, UTTER *a gross injustice* c : visible without the aid of a microscope
2 a : BIG, BULKY; especially : excessively fat b : growing or spreading with excessive luxuriance
3 a : of, relating to, or dealing with general aspects or broad distinctions b : consisting of an overall total exclusive of deductions *gross income* ? compare NET
4 : made up of material or perceptible elements
5 archaic : not fastidious in taste : UNDISCRIMINATING
6 a : coarse in nature or behavior : UNREFINED b : gravely deficient in civility or decency : crudely vulgar *merely gross, a scatological rather than a pornographic impropriety ?Aldous Huxley* c : inspiring disgust or distaste *that sandwich looks gross*
7 : deficient in knowledge : IGNORANT, UNTUTORED
synonyms see COARSE, FLAGRANT
Noun.1 obsolete : AMOUNT, SUM
2 : overall total exclusive of deductions
vt.: to earn or bring in (an overall total) exclusive of deductions (as for taxes or expenses)
Noun.: an aggregate of 12 dozen things *a gross of pencils*
115
grotesque
[ɡrəu'tesk] n. 奇异风格；怪异的东西
adj. 奇形怪状的；奇怪的；可笑的
Noun.1 a : a style of decorative art characterized by fanciful or fantastic human and animal forms often interwoven with foliage or similar figures that may distort the natural into absurdity, ugliness, or caricature b : a piece of work in this style
2 : one that is grotesque
3 : SANS SERIF
Adj.: of, relating to, or having the characteristics of the grotesque: as a : FANCIFUL, BIZARRE b : absurdly incongruous c : departing markedly from the natural, the expected, or the typical
synonyms see FANTASTIC
116
grouch
[ɡrautʃ] n. 心怀不满；不高兴的人；抱怨
vi. 发牢骚；闹脾气；抱怨
Noun.1 a : a fit of bad temper b : GRUDGE, COMPLAINT
2 : a habitually irritable or complaining person : GRUMBLER
117
grove
[ɡrəuv] n. 小树林；果园
Noun.1 : a small wood without underbrush *a picnic grove*
2 : a planting of fruit or nut trees
118
grovel
['ɡrɔvəl] vi. 匍匐；卑躬屈膝；趴
vi.1 : to creep with the face to the ground : CRAWL
2 a : to lie or creep with the body prostrate in token of subservience or abasement b : to abase oneself
3 : to give oneself over to what is base or unworthy : WALLOW *groveling in self-pity*
119
growl
[ɡraul] vi. 咆哮着说
vt. 咆哮；（雷电，炮等）轰鸣
n. 咆哮声；吠声；不平
Intransitive verb
1 a : RUMBLE *his stomach growled* b : to utter a growl *the dog growled at the stranger*
2 : to complain angrily
transitive verb : to utter with a growl : utter angrily
Noun. : a deep guttural inarticulate sound
120
gruesome
['ɡru:səm] adj. 可怕的；阴森的
Adj.: inspiring horror or repulsion : GRISLY
synonyms see GHASTLY
121
gruff
[ɡrʌf] adj. 粗暴的；粗哑的；脾气坏的
vt. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说
vi. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说话
Adj.1 : rough, brusque, or stern in manner, speech, or aspect *a gruff reply*
2 : being deep and harsh : HOARSE *a gruff voice*
synonyms see BLUFF
vt. : to utter in a gruff voice or manner
122
grumpy
['ɡrʌmpi] adj. 脾气暴躁的；性情乖戾的
n. 脾气坏的人；爱抱怨的人
Adj. : moodily cross : SURLY
123
guarantee
[,ɡærən'ti:] n. 保证；担保；保证人；保证书；抵押品
vt. 保证；担保
Noun.1 : GUARANTOR
2 : GUARANTY 1
3 : an assurance for the fulfillment of a condition: as a : an agreement by which one person undertakes to secure another in the possession or enjoyment of something b : an assurance of the quality of or of the length of use to be expected from a product offered for sale often with a promise of reimbursement
4 : GUARANTY 4
vt.1 : to undertake to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of *guarantee a loan*
2 : to engage for the existence, permanence, or nature of : undertake to do or secure *guarantee the winning of three tricks*
3 : to give security to *guaranteed her against loss*
4 : to assert confidently *I guarantee you'll like it*
124
guffaw
[ɡʌ'fɔ:] n. 哄笑；狂笑
vi. 哄笑
vt. 大笑着说
Noun.: a loud or boisterous burst of laughter
125
guileless
['ɡaillis] adj. 诚实的
| Adj.: INNOCENT, NAIVE
126
guise
[ɡaiz] n. 伪装；装束；外观
vt. 使化装
vi. 伪装
Noun.1 : a form or style of dress : COSTUME
2 a obsolete : MANNER, FASHION b archaic : a customary way of speaking or behaving
3 a : external appearance : SEMBLANCE b : PRETEXT
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gulch
[ɡʌltʃ] n. 峡谷；冲沟；干谷峡谷
| Noun. : a deep or precipitous cleft : RAVINE; especially : one occupied by a torrent
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gulp
[ɡʌlp] vt. 狼吞虎咽地吃；大口地吸
vi. 哽住；喘不过气
n. 一大口（尤指液体）；吞咽
Transitive verb
1 : to swallow hurriedly or greedily or in one swallow
2 : to keep back as if by swallowing *gulp down a sob*
3 : to take in readily as if by swallowing *gulp down knowledge*
intransitive verb : to catch the breath as if in taking a long drink
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gum
[ɡʌm] n. 口香糖；树胶；橡皮
vt. 用胶粘，涂以树胶；使…有粘性
Noun.: the tissue that surrounds the necks of teeth and covers the alveolar parts of the jaws; broadly : the alveolar portion of a jaw with its enveloping soft tissues
vt.1 : to enlarge gullets of (a saw)
2 : to chew with the gums
Noun.1 a : any of numerous colloidal polysaccharide substances of plant origin that are gelatinous when moist but harden on drying and are salts of complex organic acids ? compare MUCILAGE 1 b : any of various plant exudates (as an oleoresin or gum resin)
2 : a substance or deposit resembling a plant gum (as in sticky or adhesive quality)
3 a : a tree (as a black gum) that yields gum b Australian : EUCALYPTUS
4 : the wood or lumber of a gum; especially : that of the sweet gum
5 : CHEWING GUM
transitive verb : to clog, impede, or damage with or as if with gum *gum up the works*
intransitive verb
1 : to exude or form gum
2 : to become gummy
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gumption
['ɡʌmpʃən] n. 进取心；气概；精力
Noun.1 chiefly dialect : COMMON SENSE, HORSE SENSE
2 : ENTERPRISE, INITIATIVE *lacked the gumption to try*
131
gusher
['ɡʌʃə] n. 喷油井；说话滔滔不绝的人
| Noun.: one that gushes; specifically : an oil well with a copious natural flow
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gustation
[ɡʌ'steiʃən] n. 味觉；品尝
| Noun. : the act or sensation of tasting
133
gustatory
['ɡʌstətəri] adj. 味的，味觉的
| Adj.: relating to or associated with eating or the sense of taste
134
gutless
['gʌtlɪs] adj. 无胆量的；没勇气的；没有生气的
Adj.1 : lacking courage : COWARDLY
2 : lacking significance or vitality
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gutter
['ɡʌtə] n. 排水沟；槽；贫民区
vi. 流；形成沟
vt. 开沟于…；弄熄
adj. 贫贱的；粗俗的；耸人听闻的
Noun.1 a : a trough along the eaves to catch and carry off rainwater b : a low area (as at the edge of a street) to carry off surface water (as to a sewer) c : a trough or groove to catch and direct something *the gutters of a bowling alley*
2 : a white space formed by the adjoining inside margins of two facing pages (as of a book)
3 : the lowest or most vulgar level or condition of human life
transitive verb
1 : to cut or wear gutters in
2 : to provide with a gutter
intransitive verb
1 a : to flow in rivulets b of a candle : to melt away through a channel out of the side of the cup hollowed out by the burning wick
2 : to incline downward in a draft *the candle flame guttering*
Adj.: of, relating to, or characteristic of the gutter; especially : marked by extreme vulgarity, cheapness, or indecency *gutter politics*
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guttle
['ɡʌtl] vt. 贪婪大嚼，狼吞虎咽
137
guzzle
['ɡʌzl] vt. 狂饮；暴食
vi. 狂饮；暴食；狼吞虎咽
n. 狂饮；豪饮作乐
Intransitive verb : to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or habitually
transitive verb
1 : to drink greedily or habitually *guzzle beer*
2 : CONSUME, USE UP *devices that guzzle electricity*
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gyrate
[,dʒaiə'reit] vi. 旋转
adj. 旋涡状的
Adj. : winding or coiled around : CONVOLUTED *gyrate branches of a tree*
vi.1 : to revolve around a point or axis
2 : to oscillate with or as if with a circular or spiral motion
139
habitable
['hæbitəbl] adj. 可居住的；适于居住的
| Adj. : capable of being lived in : suitable for habitation
140
habitat
['hæbitæt] n. 栖息地，产地
Noun.1 a : the place or environment where a plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows b : the typical place of residence of a person or a group c : a housing for a controlled physical environment in which people can live under surrounding inhospitable conditions (as under the sea)
2 : the place where something is commonly found
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haggard
```
['hæɡəd] adj. 憔悴的；野性的
n. 野鹰
Adj.1 of a hawk : not tamed
2 a : wild in appearance b : having a worn or emaciated appearance : GAUNT *haggard faces looked up sadly from out of the straw ?W. M. Thackeray*
Noun.1 : an adult hawk caught wild
2 obsolete : an intractable person
```
142
halcyon
['hælsiən] adj. 宁静的；平稳的
n. 翡翠鸟；神翠鸟
Noun.1 : a bird identified with the kingfisher and held in ancient legend to nest at sea about the time of the winter solstice and to calm the waves during incubation
2 : KINGFISHER
Adj.1 : of or relating to the halcyon or its nesting period
2 a : CALM, PEACEFUL b : HAPPY, GOLDEN c : PROSPEROUS, AFFLUENT
143
hallowed
['hæləud] adj. 神圣的，神圣化的
Adj.1 : HOLY, CONSECRATED *the church stands on hallowed ground*
2 : SACRED, REVERED *the university's hallowed halls* *hallowed customs*
144
hallucination
[hə,lu:si'neiʃən] n. 幻觉，幻想；错觉
Noun.1 a : perception of objects with no reality usually arising from disorder of the nervous system or in response to drugs (as LSD) b : the object so perceived
2 : an unfounded or mistaken impression or notion : DELUSION
synonyms see DELUSION
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hammer
['hæmə] vi. 锤击；敲打；重复
n. 铁锤；链球；锤骨；音锤
vt. 锤击；锤打
Noun.1 a : a hand tool consisting of a solid head set crosswise on a handle and used for pounding b : a power tool that often substitutes a metal block or a drill for the hammerhead
2 : something that resembles a hammer in form or action: as a : a lever with a striking head for ringing a bell or striking a gong b (1) : an arm that strikes the cap in a percussion lock to ignite the propelling charge (2) : a part of the action of a modern gun that strikes the primer of the cartridge in firing or that strikes the firing pin to ignite the cartridge c : MALLEUS d : GAVEL e (1) : a padded mallet in a piano action for striking a string (2) : a hand mallet for playing on various percussion instruments (as a xylophone)
3 : a metal sphere thrown for distance in the hammer throw
4 : ACCELERATOR b
intransitive verb
1 : to strike blows especially repeatedly with or as if with a hammer : POUND
2 : to make repeated efforts; especially : to reiterate an opinion or attitude *the lectures all hammered away at the same points*
transitive verb
1 a : to beat, drive, or shape with repeated blows of a hammer b : to fasten or build with a hammer
2 : to strike or drive with a force suggesting a hammer blow or repeated blows *hammered the ball over the fence* *tried to hammer me into submission*
3 : to criticize severely
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hangdog
```
['hæŋdɔɡ] adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的；卑躬屈膝的；忧愁的；悲哀的
n. 卑鄙的人；卑微的人
Adj.1 : SAD, DEJECTED
2 : SHEEPISH
Noun.: a despicable or miserable person
```
147
hanker
['hæŋkə] vi. 向往，追求；渴望，期望
vi.: to have a strong or persistent desire : YEARN ? often used with for or after
synonyms see LONG
148
hankering
['hæŋkəriŋ] n. 渴望；向往
v. 渴望（hanker的ing形式）
Noun. : the experience of one that hankers: a : strong desire : great yearning *the same hankering for swift success, the same hasty greed?Times Literary Supplement* b : a controlled but persistent desire *push out of his consciousness the hankering to spend an evening alone*
149
haphazard
[,hæp'hæzəd, 'hæphæzəd] adj. 偶然的；随便的；无计划的
n. 偶然；偶然事件
adv. 偶然地；随意地
Noun.: CHANCE 1
Adj. : marked by lack of plan, order, or direction
synonyms see RANDOM
150
harangue
[hə'ræŋ] n. 长篇大论；高谈阔论；热烈的演说
vt. 向…滔滔不绝地演讲；大声训斥
vi. 高谈阔论；慷慨陈词
Noun.1 : a speech addressed to a public assembly
2 : a ranting speech or writing
3 : LECTURE
intransitive verb : to make a harangue : DECLAIM
transitive verb : to address in a harangue *haranguing meTon the folly of my ways ?Jay Jacobs*
151
harbinger
['hɑ:bindʒə] n. 先驱；前兆；预告者
vt. 预告；充做…的前驱
Noun.1 archaic : a person sent ahead to provide lodgings
2 a : one that pioneers in or initiates a major change : PRECURSOR b : one that presages or foreshadows what is to come
synonyms see FORERUNNER
vt. : to be a harbinger of : PRESAGE
152
hardbitten
[,ha:d'bitn] adj. 顽强的；经过磨炼的
153
hardihood
['hɑːdɪhʊd] n. 刚毅，大胆；厚颜；胆大无敌
Noun.1 a : resolute courage and fortitude b : resolute and self-assured audacity often carried to the point of impudent insolence
2 : VIGOR, ROBUSTNESS
synonyms see TEMERITY
154
hardy
```
['hɑ:di] adj. 坚强的；勇敢的；能吃苦耐劳的；鲁莽的
n. 强壮的人；耐寒植物；方柄凿
Adj.1 : BOLD, BRAVE
2 : AUDACIOUS, BRAZEN
3 a : inured to fatigue or hardships : ROBUST b : capable of withstanding adverse conditions *hardy outdoor furniture* *hardy plants* *hardy cattle*
```
155
harness
['hɑ:nis] vt. 治理；套；驾驭；披上甲胄
n. 马具；甲胄；挽具状带子；降落伞背带
Noun.1 a : the gear other than a yoke of a draft animal b : GEAR, EQUIPMENT; especially : military equipment for a horse or man
2 a : occupational surroundings or routine *get back into harness after a vacation* b : close association *ability to work in harness with others ?R. P. Brooks*
3 a : something that resembles a harness (as in holding or fastening something) *a parachute harness* b : prefabricated wiring with insulation and terminals ready to be attached
4 : a part of a loom which holds and controls the heddles
vt.1 a : to put a harness on b : to attach by means of a harness
2 : to tie together : YOKE
3 : UTILIZE *harness the computer's potential*
156
harp
[hɑ:p] vi. 弹奏竖琴；喋喋不休；不停地说
n. 竖琴
Noun.1 : a plucked stringed instrument consisting of a resonator, an arched or angled neck that may be supported by a post, and strings of graded length that are perpendicular to the soundboard
2 : something resembling a harp
3 : HARMONICA 2
vi.1 : to play on a harp
2 : to dwell on or recur to a subject tiresomely or monotonously ? usually used with on
157
harpsichord
['hɑ:psikɔ:d] n. 羽管键琴，大键琴
Noun.: a stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra
158
harrow
```
['hærəu] n. 耙
vt. 耙地；使苦恼
vi. 被耙松
vt.archaic : PILLAGE, PLUNDER
Noun.: a cultivating implement set with spikes, spring teeth, or disks and used primarily for pulverizing and smoothing the soil
vt.1 : to cultivate with a harrow
2 : TORMENT, VEX
```
159
harrowing
['hærəuiŋ] adj. 痛心的；悲惨的
v. 使痛苦（harrow的ing形式）；开拓
Adj.: acute distressing or painful : AGONIZING *harrowing tales of unfortunates who had lost limbs or had been frozen to death?V.G.Heiser*
160
harry
['hæri] vt. 折磨；掠夺；骚扰；使苦恼
Intransitive verb : to attack and loot : RAID *had harried widely and laid siege to Paris?Charlton Laird*
transitive verb
1 a : ASSAULT, DEVASTATE, RAVAGE *ordered his troops to harry the town* *shabby trees harried by fire?G.R.Stewart* b chiefly Scotland : to engage in robbing or plundering *shame lassie for harrying birds' nests?J.M.Barrie*
2 a : ATTACK *harry a person* *the cat reached out a big fat paw and harried the boy?Erskine Caldwell* b : to force (a person) to move along *saga of migratory laborers harried across the continent?J.D.Hart*
3 now dialect Britain : to drag off as plunder ? usually used with off or out *the devil came and harried off his soul?Emily Bront**
4 a : to keep under constant attack or threat of attack : HARASS *harried by guerrillas and occasionally invaded by organized forces?T.M.Spaulding* b : to goad by constant demands or annoyances : TORMENT *three renegade boys who came to harry a couple of farm women?James Kelly* *harries the doctor by telephone?Mary B. Spahr*
synonyms see WORRY
Noun.1 : harrying action *teased and broken by the harry of the following gale?J.D.Beresford*
2 : VEXATION *cut off from the hurries and harries of the daily world?Roger Angell*
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fruition
/fru'isn/
| n.实现 完成
