L26 Flashcards
(160 cards)
2
Q
commit
A
[kə’mit] vt. 犯罪，做错事；把…交托给；指派…作战；使…承担义务
Transitive verb
1 a : to put into charge or trust : ENTRUST b : to place in a prison or mental institution c : to consign or record for preservation commit it to memory d : to put into a place for disposal or safekeeping e : to refer (as a legislative bill) to a committee for consideration and report
2 : to carry into action deliberately : PERPETRATE commit a crime
3 a : OBLIGATE, BIND a contract committing the company to complete the project on time b : to pledge or assign to some particular course or use commit all troops to the attack c : to reveal the views of refused to commit himself on the issue
intransitive verb
1 obsolete : to perpetrate an offense
2 : to obligate or pledge oneself
3
Q
commonplace
A
[‘kɔmənpleis] n. 老生常谈；司空见惯的事；普通的东西
adj. 平凡的；陈腐的
Noun.1 archaic : a striking passage entered in a commonplace book
2 a : an obvious or trite comment : TRUISM b : something commonly found
Adj. : commonly found or seen : ORDINARY, UNREMARKABLE a commonplace occurrence the large mergers that had become commonplace
4
Q
commonsense
A
[‘kɔmən’sens] adj. 常识的；具有常识的
Noun.: sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts
synonyms see SENSE
5
Q
compact
A
[kəm’pækt, ‘kɔmpækt] n. 合同，契约；小粉盒
adj. 紧凑的，紧密的；简洁的
vt. 使简洁；使紧密结合
Adj.1 : predominantly formed or filled : COMPOSED, MADE
2 a : having a dense structure or parts or units closely packed or joined a compact woolen compact bone b : not diffuse or verbose a compact statement c : occupying a small volume by reason of efficient use of space a compact camera a compact formation of troops d : short-bodied, solid, and without excess flesh
3 : being a topological space and especially a metric space with the property that for any collection of open sets which contains it there is a subset of the collection with a finite number of elements which also contains it
transitive verb
1 : to make up by connecting or combining : COMPOSE
2 a : to knit or draw together : COMBINE b : to press together : COMPRESS
intransitive verb : to become compacted
Noun.: something that is compact or compacted: a : a small cosmetic case (as for compressed powder) b : an automobile smaller than an intermediate but larger than a subcompact
Noun.: an agreement or covenant between two or more parties
6
Q
compatible
A
[kəm’pætəbl] adj. 兼容的；能共处的；可并立的
Adj.1 : capable of existing together in harmony compatible theories compatible people
2 : capable of cross-fertilizing freely or uniting vegetatively
3 : capable of forming a homogeneous mixture that neither separates nor is altered by chemical interaction
4 : capable of being used in transfusion or grafting without immunological reaction (as agglutination or tissue rejection)
5 : designed to work with another device or system without modification; especially : being a computer designed to operate in the same manner and use the same software as another computer
7
Q
compensate
A
[‘kɔmpenseit] vi. 补偿，赔偿；抵消
vt. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬
Transitive verb
1 : to be equivalent to : COUNTERBALANCE
2 : to make an appropriate and usually counterbalancing payment to compensate the victims for their loss
3 a : to provide with means of counteracting variation b : to neutralize the effect of (variations)
intransitive verb
1 : to supply an equivalent ? used with for
2 : to offset an error, defect, or undesired effect his enthusiasm compensates for his lack of skill
3 : to undergo or engage in psychological or physiological compensation
synonyms see PAY
8
Q
compile
A
[kəm’pail] vt. 编译；编制；编辑；汇编
vt.1 : to compose out of materials from other documents
2 : to collect and edit into a volume
3 : to build up gradually compiled a record of four wins and two losses
4 : to run (as a program) through a compiler
9
Q
complaisance
A
[kəm’pleizəns] n. 殷勤；彬彬有礼；柔顺
Noun.: disposition to please or comply : AFFABILITY
10
Q
complaisant
A
[kəm’pleizənt] adj. 彬彬有礼的；顺从的；殷勤的
Adj.1 : marked by an inclination to please or oblige
2 : tending to consent to others’ wishes
synonyms see AMIABLE
11
Q
complicity
A
[kəm’plisəti] n. 共谋；串通；共犯关系
Noun.1 : association or participation in or as if in a wrongful act
2 : an instance of complicity
12
Q
compress
A
[kəm’pres, ‘kɔmpres] vi. 受压缩小
vt. 压缩，压紧；精简
Transitive verb
1 : to press or squeeze together
2 : to reduce in size, quantity, or volume as if by squeezing compress a computer file
intransitive verb : to undergo compression
synonyms see CONTRACT
Noun.1 : a folded cloth or pad applied so as to press upon a body part
2 : a machine for compressing
13
Q
compulsion
A
[kɔm’pʌlʃən] n. 强制；强迫；强制力
Noun.1 a : an act of compelling : the state of being compelled b : a force that compels
2 : an irresistible persistent impulse to perform an act (as excessive hand washing); also : the act itself
14
Q
compulsory
A
[kəm’pʌlsəri] adj. 义务的；必修的；被强制的
n. （花样滑冰、竞技体操等的）规定动作
Adj.1 : MANDATORY, ENFORCED compulsory retirement
2 : COERCIVE, COMPELLING compulsory measures
15
Q
compunction
A
[kəm’pʌŋkʃən] n. 悔恨，后悔；内疚
Noun.1 a : anxiety arising from awareness of guilt compunctions of conscience b : distress of mind over an anticipated action or result showed no compunction in planning devilish engines ofTdestruction ?Havelock Ellis
2 : a twinge of misgiving : SCRUPLE cheated without compunction
synonyms see PENITENCE, QUALM
16
Q
con
A
[kɔn] n. 反对票；反对论
vt. 精读；默记
adv. 反面地
adj. 欺诈的
prep. 以…
vt.1 : to commit to memory
2 : to study or examine closely
Adv.: on the negative side : in opposition so much has been written pro and con
Noun.1 : an argument or evidence in opposition
2 : the negative position or one holding it an appraisal of the pros and cons
Adj.: CONFIDENCE a con artist a con game
vt.1 : SWINDLE accused of conning retirees out of their savings
2 : MANIPULATE 2b
3 : PERSUADE, CAJOLE
Noun. : something (as a ruse) used deceptively to gain another’s confidence; also : a confidence game : SWINDLE
Noun.: CONVICT
Noun.slang : a destructive disease of the lungs; especially : TUBERCULOSIS
Abbreviation.1 [Latin conjunx] consort
2 consolidated
3 consul
4 continued
vt.: to conduct or direct the steering of (as a ship)
Noun.: the control exercised by one who conns a ship
17
Q
concatenate
A
[kɔn’kætineit] vt. 连结；使连锁
adj. 连结的；连锁的
Adj. : linked together
vt.: to link together in a series or chain
18
Q
concave
A
[kɔn’keiv, ‘kɔnkeiv] adj. 凹的，凹面的
n. 凹面
vt. 使成凹形
Adj.1 : hollowed or rounded inward like the inside of a bowl
2 : arched in : curving in ? used of the side of a curve or surface on which neighboring normals to the curve or surface converge and on which lies the chord joining two neighboring points of the curve or surface
Noun. : a concave line or surface
19
Q
conceit
A
[kən'si:t] n. 自负；狂妄；幻想 vt. 幻想 Noun.1 a (1) : a result of mental activity : THOUGHT (2) : individual opinion b : favorable opinion; especially : excessive appreciation of one's own worth or virtue 2 : a fancy item or trifle 3 a : a fanciful idea b : an elaborate or strained metaphor c : use or presence of such conceits in poetry d : an organizing theme or concept *found his conceit for the film early ?Peter Wilkinson* vt.1 obsolete : CONCEIVE, UNDERSTAND 2 chiefly dialect : IMAGINE 3 dialect British : to take a fancy to
20
Q
concession
A
[kən’seʃən] n. 让步；特许（权）；承认；退位
Noun.1 a : the act or an instance of conceding b : the admitting of a point claimed in argument
2 : something conceded: a : ACKNOWLEDGMENT, ADMISSION b : GRANT c (1) : a grant of land or property especially by a government in return for services or for a particular use (2) : a right to undertake and profit by a specified activity (3) : a lease of a portion of premises for a particular purpose; also : the portion leased or the activities carried on
21
Q
conciliate
A
[kən’silieit] vt. 安抚，安慰；调和；驯服；怀柔；赢得
Transitive verb
1 : to gain (as goodwill) by pleasing acts
2 : to make compatible : RECONCILE
3 : APPEASE
intransitive verb : to become friendly or agreeable
synonyms see PACIFY
22
Q
concinnity
A
[kən’sɪnɪtɪ] n. 优美；雅致；和谐
Noun.: harmony or elegance of design especially of literary style in adaptation of parts to a whole or to each other
23
Q
concise
A
[kən’sais] adj. 简明的，简洁的
Adj.: marked by brevity of expression or statement : free from all elaboration and superfluous detail a concise summary *a concise definition
24
Q
concord
A
[‘kɔŋkɔ:d, kən’kɔ:d] n. 和谐；和睦；一致；协调
Noun.1 a : a state of agreement : HARMONY b : a simultaneous occurrence of two or more musical tones that produces an impression of agreeableness or resolution on a listener ? compare DISCORD
2 : agreement by stipulation, compact, or covenant
3 : grammatical agreement
25
Q
condemn
A
[kən’dem] vt. 谴责；判刑，定罪；声讨
vt.1 : to declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually after weighing evidence and without reservation a policy widely condemned as racist
2 a : to pronounce guilty : CONVICT b : SENTENCE, DOOM condemn a prisoner to die
3 : to adjudge unfit for use or consumption condemn an old apartment building
4 : to declare convertible to public use under the right of eminent domain
synonyms see CRITICIZE
26
condescend
[,kɔndi'send] vi. 屈尊；谦逊
vi.1 a : to descend to a less formal or dignified level : UNBEND b : to waive the privileges of rank
2 : to assume an air of superiority
27
condign
[kən'dain] adj. 相当的；应得的（尤指惩罚）；适宜的
| Adj. : DESERVED, APPROPRIATE *condign punishment*
28
condole
```
[kən'dəul] vi. 慰问；吊唁；哀悼
Intransitive verb
1 obsolete : GRIEVE
2 : to express sympathetic sorrow
transitive verb , archaic : LAMENT, GRIEVE
```
29
conducive
[kən'dju:siv] adj. 有益的；有助于…的
| Adj. : tending to promote or assist *an atmosphere conducive to education*
30
confederacy
noun.1 : a league or compact for mutual support or common action : ALLIANCE
2 : a combination of persons for unlawful purposes : CONSPIRACY
3 : the body formed by persons, states, or nations united by a league; specifically capitalized : the 11 southern states seceding from the United States in 1860 and 1861
31
confer
[kən'fə:] vt. 授予；给予
vi. 协商
Intransitive verb : to compare views or take counsel : CONSULT
transitive verb
1 : to bestow from or as if from a position of superiority *conferred an honorary degree on her* *knowing how to read was a gift conferred with manhood ?Murray Kempton*
2 : to give (as a property or characteristic) to someone or something *a reputation for power will confer power ?John Spanier*
synonyms see GIVE
32
confess
[kən'fes] vt. 承认；坦白；忏悔；供认
vi. 承认；坦白；忏悔；供认
Transitive verb
1 : to tell or make known (as something wrong or damaging to oneself) : ADMIT *he confessed his guilt*
2 a : to acknowledge (sin) to God or to a priest b : to receive the confession of (a penitent)
3 : to declare faith in or adherence to : PROFESS
4 : to give evidence of
intransitive verb
1 a : to disclose one's faults; specifically : to unburden one's sins or the state of one's conscience to God or to a priest b : to hear a confession
2 : ADMIT, OWN *confess to a crime*
synonyms see ACKNOWLEDGE
33
confidant
[,kɔnfi'dænt] n. 知己；密友
| Noun.: one to whom secrets are entrusted; especially : INTIMATE
34
cofidential
adj.机密的(kept secret)
35
confiscate
['kɔnfis,keit] vt. 没收；充公；查抄
adj. 被没收的
Adj.1 : appropriated by the government : FORFEITED
2 : deprived of property by confiscation
vt.1 : to seize as forfeited to the public treasury
2 : to seize by or as if by authority
36
congeal
[kən'dʒi:l] vi. 凝结；凝固
vt. 使…凝结；使…冻结
Transitive verb
1 : to change from a fluid to a solid state by or as if by cold
2 : to make viscid or curdled : COAGULATE
3 : to make rigid, fixed, or immobile
intransitive verb : to become congealed : SOLIDIFY
37
congregate
['kɔŋɡri,ɡeit] vt. 聚集
vi. 聚集
adj. 集合在一起的
Transitive verb : to collect into a group or crowd : ASSEMBLE
intransitive verb : to come together into a group, crowd, or assembly
synonyms see GATHER
Adj.: providing or being group services or facilities designed especially for elderly persons requiring supportive services *congregate housing*
38
conjoin
[kən'dʒɔin] vi. 结合；连结
vt. 使结合；使联合
Transitive verb : to join together (as separate entities) for a common purpose
intransitive verb : to join together for a common purpose
39
conscience
['kɔnʃəns] n. 道德心，良心
Noun.1 a : the sense or consciousness of the moral goodness or blameworthiness of one's own conduct, intentions, or character together with a feeling of obligation to do right or be good b : a faculty, power, or principle enjoining good acts c : the part of the superego in psychoanalysis that transmits commands and admonitions to the ego
2 archaic : CONSCIOUSNESS
3 : conformity to the dictates of conscience : CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
4 : sensitive regard for fairness or justice : SCRUPLE
40
conscript
[kən'skript] n. 应征士兵
vt. 征召
adj. 被征召的
Noun.: a conscripted person (as a military recruit)
Adj.1 : enrolled into service by compulsion : DRAFTED
2 : made up of conscripted persons
vt.: to enroll into service by compulsion : DRAFT *was conscripted into the army*
41
consecrate
['kɒnsɪkreɪt] adj. 神圣的；被献给神的
vt. 奉献；使神圣；供神用；献身于
Adj.: dedicated to a sacred purpose
vt.1 : to induct (a person) into a permanent office with a religious rite; especially : to ordain to the office of bishop
2 a : to make or declare sacred; especially : to devote irrevocably to the worship of God by a solemn ceremony b : to effect the liturgical transubstantiation of (eucharistic bread and wine) c : to devote to a purpose with or as if with deep solemnity or dedication
3 : to make inviolable or venerable *principles consecrated by the weight of history*
synonyms see DEVOTE
42
consensus
[kən'sensəs] n. 一致；舆论；合意
Noun.1 a : general agreement : UNANIMITY *the consensus of their opinion, based on reportsTfrom the border ?John Hersey* b : the judgment arrived at by most of those concerned *the consensus was to go ahead*
2 : group solidarity in sentiment and belief
usage The phrase consensus of opinion, which is not actually redundant (see sense 1a; the sense that takes the phrase is slightly older), has been so often claimed to be a redundancy that many writers avoid it. You are safe in using consensus alone when it is clear you mean consensus of opinion, and most writers in fact do so.
43
consent
[kən'sent] vi. 同意；赞成；答应
n. 同意；（意见等的）一致；赞成
vi.1 : to give assent or approval : AGREE *consent to being tested*
2 archaic : to be in concord in opinion or sentiment
synonyms see ASSENT
Noun.1 : compliance in or approval of what is done or proposed by another : ACQUIESCENCE *he shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties ?U.S. Constitution*
2 : agreement as to action or opinion; specifically : voluntary agreement by a people to organize a civil society and give authority to the government
44
consequential
[,kɔnsi'kwenʃəl] adj. 间接的；结果的；重要的；随之发生的；自傲的
Adj.1 : of the nature of a secondary result : INDIRECT
2 : CONSEQUENT
3 : having significant consequences : IMPORTANT *a grave and consequential event*
4 : SELF-IMPORTANT
45
console
[kən'səul] n. 控制台；操纵台
vt. 安慰；慰藉
Noun.1 : an architectural member projecting from a wall to form a bracket or from a keystone for ornament
2 : CONSOLE TABLE
3 a : an upright case that houses the keyboards and controlling mechanisms of an organ and from which the organ is played b : a combination of readouts or displays and an input device (as a keyboard or switches) by which an operator can monitor and interact with a system (as a computer or dubber)
4 a : a cabinet (as for a radio or television set) designed to rest directly on the floor b : a small storage cabinet between bucket seats in an automobile
vt.: to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of : COMFORT *console a widow*
46
consolidate
[kən'sɔlideit] vt. 巩固，使固定；联合
vi. 巩固，加强
Transitive verb
1 : to join together into one whole : UNITE *consolidate several small school districts*
2 : to make firm or secure : STRENGTHEN *consolidate their hold on first place*
3 : to form into a compact mass
intransitive verb : to become consolidated; specifically : MERGE *the two companies consolidated*
47
consonance
['kɔnsənəns] n. 一致，调和；和音
Noun.1 : harmony or agreement among components
2 a : correspondence or recurrence of sounds especially in words; specifically : recurrence or repetition of consonants especially at the end of stressed syllables without the similar correspondence of vowels (as in the final sounds of *stroke* and *luck*) b : CONCORD 1b c : SYMPATHETIC VIBRATION, RESONANCE
48
consonant
['kɒns(ə)nənt] n. 辅音；辅音字母
adj. 辅音的；一致的；和谐的
Adj.1 : being in agreement or harmony : free from elements making for discord
2 : marked by musical consonances
3 : having similar sounds *consonant words*
4 : relating to or exhibiting consonance : RESONANT
Noun.: one of a class of speech sounds (as \p\, \g\, \n\, \l\, \s\, \r\) characterized by constriction or closure at one or more points in the breath channel; also : a letter representing a consonant ? usually used in English of any letter except a, e, i, o, and u
49
conspicuous
[kən'spikjuəs] adj. 显著的；显而易见的
Adj.1 : obvious to the eye or mind *conspicuous changes*
2 : attracting attention : STRIKING *a conspicuous success*
3 : marked by a noticeable violation of good taste
synonyms see NOTICEABLE
50
conspire
[kən'spaiɔ] vi. 共谋；协力
vt. 密谋策划
Transitive verb : PLOT, CONTRIVE
intransitive verb
1 a : to join in a secret agreement to do an unlawful or wrongful act or an act which becomes unlawful as a result of the secret agreement *accused of conspiring to overthrow the government* b : SCHEME
2 : to act in harmony toward a common end *circumstances conspired to defeat his efforts*
51
constellation
[,kɔnstə'leiʃən] n. [天]星座；星群；荟萃；[心]兴奋丛
Noun.1 : the configuration of stars especially at one's birth
2 : any of 88 arbitrary configurations of stars or an area of the celestial sphere covering one of these configurations
3 : an assemblage, collection, or group of usually related persons, qualities, or things *a constellation ofTrelatives, friends, and hangers-on ?Brendan Gill* *a constellation of symptoms*
4 : PATTERN, ARRANGEMENT *taking advantage of the shifting constellation of power throughout the known world ?H. D. Lasswell*
52
construct
[kən'strʌkt] vt. 建造，构造；创立
n. 构想，概念
vt.1 : to make or form by combining or arranging parts or elements : BUILD; also : CONTRIVE, DEVISE
2 : to draw (a geometrical figure) with suitable instruments and under specified conditions
3 : to set in logical order
Noun.1 : something constructed by the mind: as a : a theoretical entity *the deductive study of abstract constructs ?D. J. Boorstin* b : a working hypothesis or concept *the unconscious was a construct that came from the daily effort to understand patients*
2 : a product of ideology, history, or social circumstances *privacy is more than a social construct or an idea; it is a condition of the body ?Sallie Tisdale*
53
consul
['kɔnsəl] n. 领事；（古罗马的）两执政官之一
Noun.1 a : either of two annually elected chief magistrates of the Roman republic b : one of three chief magistrates of the French republic from 1799 to 1804
2 : an official appointed by a government to reside in a foreign country to represent the commercial interests of citizens of the appointing country
54
contain
[kən'tein] vt. 包含；控制；容纳；牵制（敌军）
vi. 含有；自制
Transitive verb
1 : to keep within limits: as a : RESTRAIN, CONTROL *could hardly contain her enthusiasm* b : CHECK, HALT *contain the spread of a deadly disease* c : to follow successfully a policy of containment toward *efforts to contain Communism* d : to prevent (as an enemy or opponent) from advancing or from making a successful attack
2 a : to have within : HOLD b : COMPRISE, INCLUDE *the bill contains several new clauses*
3 a : to be divisible by usually without a remainder b : ENCLOSE, BOUND
intransitive verb : to restrain oneself
55
contaminate
[kən'tæmi,neit] vt. 污染，弄脏
n. 受到污染的
vt.1 a : to soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact or association *bacteria contaminated the wound* b : to make inferior or impure by admixture *iron contaminated with phosphorus*
2 : to make unfit for use by the introduction of unwholesome or undesirable elements
56
contend
```
[kən'tend] vi. 竞争；奋斗；斗争；争论
vt. 主张；为...斗争
Intransitive verb
1 : to strive or vie in contest or rivalry or against difficulties : STRUGGLE
2 : to strive in debate : ARGUE
transitive verb
1 : MAINTAIN, ASSERT *contended that he was right*
2 : to struggle for : CONTEST
```
57
contented
[kən'tentid] adj. 满足的；心安的
v. 使…满足；使…安心（content的过去式和过去分词）
Adj.: feeling or showing satisfaction with one's possessions, status, or situation *a contented smile*
58
contest
['kɔntest, kən'test] vt. 争辩；提出质疑
vi. 竞争；争辩
n. 竞赛；争夺；争论intransitive verb : STRIVE, VIE
transitive verb : to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation; especially : DISPUTE, CHALLENGE
Noun.1 : a struggle for superiority or victory : COMPETITION
2 : a competition in which each contestant performs without direct contact with or interference from his competitors
59
contiguous
[kən'tiɡjuəs] adj. 连续的；邻近的；接触的
Adj.1 : being in actual contact : touching along a boundary or at a point
2 of angles : ADJACENT 2
3 : next or near in time or sequence
4 : touching or connected throughout in an unbroken sequence *contiguous row houses*
synonyms see ADJACENT
60
contort
[kən'tɔ:t] vt. 扭曲；曲解
vi. 扭曲
Transitive verb : to twist in a violent manner *features contorted with fury*
intransitive verb : to twist into or as if into a strained shape or expression
synonyms see DEFORM
61
controvert
['kɔntrə,və:t] vt. 驳斥；就…展开争论
vi. 争论；辩论
Transitive verb : to dispute or oppose by reasoning *controvert a point in a discussion*
intransitive verb : to engage in controversy
62
contumacious
[,kɔntju:'meiʃəs] adj. 不听命令的；反抗法院命令的；顽固的
| Adj.: stubbornly disobedient : REBELLIOUS
63
contumacy
['kɒntjʊməsɪ] n. 拒不服从，抗命；藐视法庭
| Noun.: stubborn resistance to authority; specifically : willful contempt of court
64
contumely
['kɒntjuːmɪlɪ; -tjuːmlɪ] n. 侮辱；无礼；傲慢
Noun. : harsh language or treatment arising from haughtiness and contempt; also : an instance of such language or treatment
65
conundrum
[kə'nʌndrəm] n. 难题；谜语
Noun.1 : a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun
2 a : a question or problem having only a conjectural answer b : an intricate and difficult problem
66
convalescent
[,kɔnvə'lesənt] adj. 康复的；恢复期的
n. 恢复中的病人；康复的人
Adj.1 : recovering from sickness or debility : partially restored to health or strength *convalescent children nearly ready to leave the hospital*
2 : of, for, or relating to convalescence or convalescents *a patient in a convalescent ward*
Noun.: one recovering from sickness
67
convene
```
[kən'vi:n] vt. 召集，集合；传唤
vi. 聚集，集合
Intransitive verb : to come together in a body
transitive verb
1 : to summon before a tribunal
2 : to cause to assemble
synonyms see SUMMON
```
68
convergent
[kən'və:dʒənt] adj. 收敛的；会聚性的；趋集于一点的
Adj.1 : tending to move toward one point or to approach each other : CONVERGING *convergent lines*
2 : exhibiting convergence in form, function, or development *convergent evolution*
3 a of an improper integral : having a value that is a real number b : characterized by having the nth term or the sum of the first n terms approach a finite limit *a convergent sequence* *a convergent series*
69
convict
[kən'vikt] vt. 证明…有罪；宣告…有罪
n. 罪犯
Adj. archaic : having been convicted
transitive verb
1 : to find or prove to be guilty
2 : to convince of error or sinfulness
intransitive verb : to find a defendant guilty
Noun.1 : a person convicted of and under sentence for a crime
2 : a person serving a usually long prison sentence
70
convoke
[kən'vəuk] vt. 召集；召集…开会
vt.: to call together to a meeting
synonyms see SUMMON
71
convoy
['kɔnvɔi, kən'vɔi] n. 护送；护卫；护航队
vt. 护航；护送
vt.: ACCOMPANY; especially : to escort for protection
Noun.1 : one that convoys; especially : a protective escort (as for ships)
2 : the act of convoying
3 : a group convoyed or organized for convenience or protection in moving
72
convulse
[kən'vʌls] vt. 震撼；使剧烈震动；使抽搐
Transitive verb : to shake or agitate violently; especially : to shake with or as if with irregular spasms *was convulsed with laughter*
intransitive verb : to become affected with convulsions
synonyms see SHAKE
73
cordial
['kɔ:djəl] adj. 热忱的，诚恳的；兴奋的
n. 补品；兴奋剂；甜香酒，甘露酒
Adj.1 obsolete : of or relating to the heart : VITAL
2 : tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate *bottles full of excellent cordial waters ?Daniel Defoe*
3 a : sincerely or deeply felt *a cordial dislike for each other* b : warmly and genially affable *cordial relations*
synonyms see GRACIOUS
Noun.1 : a stimulating medicine or drink
2 : LIQUEUR
74
coronation
[,kɔ:rə'neiʃən] n. 加冕礼
| Noun. : the act or occasion of crowning; also : accession to the highest office
75
corporeal
[kɔ:'pɔ:riəl] adj. 物质的，有形的；肉体的
Adj.1 : having, consisting of, or relating to a physical material body: as a : not spiritual b : not immaterial or intangible : SUBSTANTIAL
2 archaic : CORPORAL
synonyms see MATERIAL
76
correspondent
[,kɔ:ri'spɔndənt] n. 通讯记者；[经]客户；通信者；代理商行
Adj.1 : CORRESPONDING
2 : FITTING, CONFORMING ? used with with or to *the outcome was entirely correspondent with my wishes*
Noun.1 a : one who communicates with another by letter b : one who has regular commercial relations with another c : one who contributes news or commentary to a publication (as a newspaper) or a radio or television network often from a distant place *a war correspondent*
2 : something that corresponds
77
corrode
[kə'rəud] vt. 侵蚀；损害
vi. 受腐蚀；起腐蚀作用
Transitive verb
1 : to eat away by degrees as if by gnawing; especially : to wear away gradually usually by chemical action *the metal was corroded beyond repair*
2 : to weaken or destroy gradually : UNDERMINE *manners and miserliness that corrode the human spirit ?Bernard De Voto*
intransitive verb : to undergo corrosion
78
corrugate
['kɔ:ruɡeit] vt. 使起皱；成波状
adj. 起皱的；波状的
vi. 起皱；缩成皱状
Transitive verb : to form or shape into wrinkles or folds or into alternating ridges and grooves : FURROW
intransitive verb : to become corrugated
79
corrugated
['kɔruɡeitid] adj. 波纹的；缩成皱纹的；有瓦楞的
v. （使）起皱纹（corrugate的过去式）
Adj.: having corrugations *corrugated paper*; also : made of corrugated material (as cardboard) *corrugated boxes*
80
corrupt
[kə'rʌpt] adj. 腐败的，贪污的；堕落的
vt. 使腐烂；使堕落，使恶化
vi. 堕落，腐化；腐烂
Transitive verb
1 a : to change from good to bad in morals, manners, or actions; also : BRIBE b : to degrade with unsound principles or moral values
2 : ROT, SPOIL
3 : to subject (a person) to corruption of blood
4 : to alter from the original or correct form or version *the file was corrupted*
intransitive verb
1 a : to become tainted or rotten b : to become morally debased
2 : to cause disintegration or ruin
synonyms see DEBASE
Adj.1 a : morally degenerate and perverted : DEPRAVED b : characterized by improper conduct (as bribery or the selling of favors) *corrupt judges*
2 : PUTRID, TAINTED
3 : adulterated or debased by change from an original or correct condition *a corrupt version of the text*
synonyms see VICIOUS
81
coruscate
['kɒrəskeɪt] vi. 焕发；闪烁
vi.1 : to give off or reflect light in bright beams or flashes : SPARKLE
2 : to be brilliant or showy in technique or style
82
cosmopolitanism
```
[,kɔzmə'pɔlitənizəm] n. 世界主义；世界大同主义；四海一家
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being cosmopolitan : cosmopolitan character
2 a (1) : the theory or advocacy of the formation of a world society or cosmopolis (sense 1) *advocates of internationalism who decry the sovereignty or need of state organization T are called proponents of cosmopolitanism?F.L.Burdette* (2) : a climate of opinion distinguished by the absence of narrow national loyalties or parochial prejudices and by a readiness to borrow from other lands or regions in the formation of cultural or artistic patterns *a genial cosmopolitanism was the hallmark of that enlightened age* *the literary cosmopolitanism was followed by an artistic cosmopolitanism which transcended all frontiers?Paul Wescher* b : excessive admiration and imitation of the cultural traits or achievements of others at the expense of the cultural identity or integrity of one's own land or region *a *divine provincialism* T is but ill replaced by a cosmopolitanism lacking in virtue and distinction?Agnes Repplier*
```
83
cosmos
['kɔzmɔs] n. 宇宙；和谐；秩序；[植]大波斯菊
Noun.1 a : UNIVERSE 1 b (1) : an orderly harmonious systematic universe ? compare CHAOS (2) : ORDER, HARMONY
2 : a complex orderly self-inclusive system
3 plural
84
cosset
['kɔsit] vt. 宠爱；溺爱；纵容
n. 宠儿；爱畜；供玩赏的小动物
Noun.: a pet lamb; broadly : PET
vt.: to treat as a pet : PAMPER
85
costume
['kɔstju:m, kɔ'stju:m] n. 服装，装束；戏装，剧装
vt. 给…穿上服装
Noun.1 : the prevailing fashion in coiffure, jewelry, and apparel of a period, country, or class
2 : an outfit worn to create the appearance characteristic of a particular period, person, place, or thing *Halloween costumes*
3 : a person's ensemble of outer garments; especially : a woman's ensemble of dress with coat or jacket
vt.1 : to provide with a costume
2 : to design costumes for *costume a play*
Adj.1 : characterized by the use of costumes *a costume ball* *a costume drama*
2 : suitable for or enhancing the effect of a particular costume *a costume handbag*
86
cosy(cozy)
['kəuzi] adj. 舒适的；惬意的
n. 保温罩
Adj.1 a : enjoying or affording warmth and ease : SNUG *a cozy lakeside cabin* b : marked by or providing contentment or comfort *won by a cozy margin*
2 a : marked by the intimacy of the family or a close group b : marked by or suggesting close association or connivance *a cozy agreement*
3 : marked by a discreet and cautious attitude or procedure
synonyms see COMFORTABLE
Noun.1 : a padded covering especially for a teapot to keep the contents hot
2 : a light detective story that usually features a well-educated protagonist and little explicit violence
Adv.: in a cautious manner *play it cozy and wait for the other team to make a mistake ?Bobby Dodd*
87
coterminous
[kəʊ'tɜːmɪnəs] adj. 相连的；毗连的（等于conterminous）
Adj.1 : having the same or coincident boundaries *a voting district coterminous with the city*
2 : coextensive in scope or duration *an experience of life coterminous with the years of his father ?Elizabeth Hardwick*
88
countrified
['kʌntrɪfaɪd] adj. 粗俗的；头脑简单的；乡村的；带乡村风味的；质朴的
Adj.1 : RURAL, RUSTIC
2 : UNSOPHISTICATED
3 : played or sung in the manner of country music *countrified rock*
89
coup
[ku:] n. 政变；妙计；出乎意料的行动；砰然的一击
vt. 使…颠倒；使…倾斜
vi. 推倒；倾斜；溢出
Verb.chiefly Scottish : OVERTURN, UPSET
Noun.1 : a brilliant, sudden, and usually highly successful stroke or act
2 : COUP D'ETAT
90
covenant
['kʌvənənt] n. 契约，盟约；圣约；盖印合同
vi. 订立盟约、契约
vt. 立约承诺
Noun.1 : a usually formal, solemn, and binding agreement : COMPACT
2 a : a written agreement or promise usually under seal between two or more parties especially for the performance of some action b : the common-law action to recover damages for breach of such a contract
transitive verb : to promise by a covenant : PLEDGE
intransitive verb : to enter into a covenant : CONTRACT
91
covert
['kʌvət] n. 隐藏处；树丛；蔽覆羽翮基部的羽毛
adj. 隐蔽的；隐密的；偷偷摸摸的；在丈夫保护下的
Adj.1 : not openly shown, engaged in, or avowed : VEILED *a covert alliance*
2 : covered over : SHELTERED
synonyms see SECRET
Noun.1 a : hiding place : SHELTER b : a thicket affording cover for game c : a masking or concealing device
2 : a feather covering the bases of the quills of the wings and tail of a bird ? see WING illustration
3 : a firm durable twilled sometimes waterproofed cloth usually of mixed-color yarns
92
cow
[kau] n. 奶牛，母牛；母兽
vt. 威胁，恐吓
Noun.1 a : the mature female of cattle (genus Bos) b : the mature female of various usually large animals (as an elephant, whale, or moose)
2 : a domestic bovine animal regardless of sex or age
vt.: to destroy the resolve or courage of *the party that Stalin had cowed ?World Press Review*; also : to bring to a state or an action by intimidation ? used with into *like too many Asian armies, adept at cowing a population into feeding them ?Edward Lansdale*
synonyms see INTIMIDATE
93
coward
['kauəd] n. 懦夫，懦弱的人
adj. 胆小的，懦怯的
Noun. : one who shows disgraceful fear or timidity
94
cower
['kauə] vi. 退缩；抖缩；蜷缩；[英方]弯腰屈膝
vi.: to shrink away or crouch especially for shelter from something that menaces, domineers, or dismays
synonyms see FAWN
95
coy
[kɔi] adj. 腼腆的；忸怩作态的；怕羞的
vi. [古]忸怩作态
vt. 爱抚
Adj.1 a : shrinking from contact or familiarity *'tis but a kiss I beg, Why art thou coy? ?Shakespeare* b : marked by cute, coquettish, or artful playfulness *using coy tricks to attract attention*
2 : showing reluctance to make a definite commitment *a coy response*
synonyms see SHY
transitive verb obsolete : CARESS
intransitive verb , archaic : to act coyly
96
cozen
['kʌzən] vt. 瞒；欺骗
vi. 瞒；欺骗
vt.1 : to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery
2 : to gain by cozening someone *cozened his supper out of the old couple*
synonyms see CHEAT
97
crab
[kræb] n. 螃蟹；蟹肉；脾气乖戾的人；起重机
vt. 抱怨；破坏；使偏航
vi. 捕蟹；发牢骚；抱怨
Noun.1 plural crabs also crab : any of numerous chiefly marine broadly built decapod crustaceans: a : any of an infraorder (Brachyura) with a short broad usually flattened carapace, a small abdomen that curls forward beneath the body, short antennae, and the anterior pair of limbs modified as grasping pincers b : any of various crustaceans of an infraorder (Anomura) resembling true crabs in the more or less reduced condition of the abdomen
2 capitalized : CANCER 1
3 plural : infestation with crab lice
4 : the angular difference between an aircraft's course and the heading necessary to make that course in the presence of a crosswind
intransitive verb
1 : to fish for crabs
2 a (1) : to move sideways indirectly or diagonally (2) : to crab an airplane b : to scuttle or scurry sideways
transitive verb
1 : to cause to move sideways or in an indirect or diagonal manner; specifically : to head (an airplane) into a crosswind to counteract drift
2 : to subject to crabbing
Noun. : CRAB APPLE
Noun. : an ill-tempered person : GROUCH
Transitive verb
1 : to make sullen : SOUR *old age has crabbed his nature*
2 : to complain about peevishly
3 : SPOIL, RUIN
intransitive verb : CARP, GROUSE *always crabs about the weather*
98
crabbed
['kræbid] adj. 暴躁的；难懂的；晦涩的；潦草的
v. 抱怨；侧航（crab的过去分词）
Adj.1 : marked by a forbidding moroseness *a crabbed view of human nature*
2 : difficult to read or understand *crabbed handwriting*
synonyms see SULLEN
99
crack
[kræk] vt. 使破裂；打开；变声
vi. 破裂；爆裂
n. 裂缝；声变；噼啪声
adj. 最好的；高明的
Intransitive verb
1 : to make a very sharp explosive sound *the whip cracks through the air*
2 : to break, split, or snap apart
3 : FAIL: as a : to lose control or effectiveness under pressure ? often used with up b : to fail in tone *his voice cracked*
4 : to go or travel at good speed ? usually used with on *the steamboat cracked on*
transitive verb
1 a : to break so that fissures appear on the surface *crack a mirror* b : to break with a sudden sharp sound *crack nuts*
2 : to tell especially suddenly or strikingly *crack a joke*
3 : to strike with a sharp noise : RAP *then cracks him over the head* *cracked a two-run homer in the fifth ?New York Times*
4 a (1) : to open (as a bottle) for drinking (2) : to open (a book) for studying b : to puzzle out and expose, solve, or reveal the mystery of *crack a code* c : to break into *crack a safe* d : to open slightly *crack the throttle* e : to break through (as a barrier) so as to gain acceptance or recognition f : to show or begin showing (a smile) especially reluctantly or uncharacteristically
5 a : to impair seriously or irreparably : WRECK *crack an opponent's courage* b : to destroy the tone of (a voice) c : DISORDER, CRAZE d : to interrupt sharply or abruptly *the criticism cracked our complacency*
6 : to cause to make a sharp noise *cracks his knuckles*
7 a (1) : to subject (hydrocarbons) to cracking (2) : to produce by cracking *cracked gasoline* b : to break up (chemical compounds) into simpler compounds by means of heat
Noun.1 a : a loud roll or peal *a crack of thunder* b : a sudden sharp noise *the crack of rifle fire*
2 : a sharp witty remark : QUIP
3 a : a narrow break : FISSURE *a crack in the ice* b : a narrow opening *leave the door open a crack* *cracks between floorboards* ? used figuratively in phrases like fall through the cracks to describe one that has been improperly or inadvertently ignored or left out *a player who fell through the cracks in the college draft* *children slipping through the cracks of available youth services*
4 a : a weakness or flaw caused by decay, age, or deficiency : UNSOUNDNESS b : a broken tone of the voice c : CRACKPOT
5 : MOMENT, INSTANT *the crack of dawn*
6 : HOUSEBREAKING, BURGLARY
7 : a sharp resounding blow *gave him a crack on the head*
8 : an attempt or opportunity to do something *her first crack at writing a novel* *got first crack at the job opening*
9 : a potent form of cocaine that is obtained by treating the hydrochloride of cocaine with sodium bicarbonate to create small chips used illicitly for smoking ? called also crack cocaine
Adj.: of superior excellence or ability *a crack marksman*
100
crackpot
['kræk,pɔt] n. 狂想家，疯子；怪人
adj. 不切实际的，想入非非的
Noun. : one given to eccentric or lunatic notions
101
crafty
['krɑ:fti] adj. 狡猾的；灵巧的
Adj.1 : SKILLFUL, CLEVER
2 a : adept in the use of subtlety and cunning b : marked by subtlety and guile *a crafty scheme*
synonyms see SLY
102
cramp
[kræmp] n. 痉挛，绞痛；铁夹钳
vt. 束缚，限制；使…抽筋；以铁箍扣紧
adj. 狭窄的；难解的；受限制的
Noun.1 : a painful involuntary spasmodic contraction of a muscle
2 : a temporary paralysis of muscles from overuse ? compare WRITER'S CRAMP
3 a : sharp abdominal pain ? usually used in plural b : persistent and often intense though dull lower abdominal pain associated with dysmenorrhea ? usually used in plural
Noun.1 a : a usually iron device bent at the ends and used to hold timbers or blocks of stone together b : CLAMP
2 a : something that confines : SHACKLE b : the state of being confined
transitive verb
1 : to affect with or as if with a cramp or cramps
2 a : CONFINE, RESTRAIN *was cramped in the tiny apartment* b : to restrain from free expression ? used especially in the phrase cramp one's style
3 : to fasten or hold with a cramp
intransitive verb : to be affected with cramps
Adj.1 : hard to understand or figure out *cramp law terms* *cramp handwriting*
2 : being cramped *a cramp corner*
103
cranky
['kræŋki] adj. 暴躁的；古怪的；动摇的
Adj.1 a : given to fretful fussiness : readily angered when opposed : CROTCHETY *our long waitTleft us a tad cranky ?Connecticut* b : marked by eccentricity *his bizarre and cranky mix of ideas and beliefs ?R. J. Evans*
2 : full of twists and turns : TORTUOUS *a cranky road*
3 : working erratically : UNPREDICTABLE *a cranky old tractor*
4 dialect : CRAZY, IMBECILE
Adj.of a boat : 5CRANK
104
crass
[kræs] adj. 愚钝的；粗鲁的；非常的
Adj.1 a : GROSS 6a; especially : having or indicating such grossness of mind as precludes delicacy and discrimination b : being beneath one's dignity *crass concerns of daily life* c ? used as a pejorative intensifier *crass flattery* *crass propaganda*
2 : guided by or indicative of base or materialistic values *crass commercialism* *crass measures of success*
synonyms see STUPID
105
craven
```
['kreivən] adj. 畏缩的；怯懦的
n. 懦夫
Adj.1 archaic : DEFEATED, VANQUISHED
2 : lacking the least bit of courage : contemptibly fainthearted
synonyms see COWARDLY
```
106
credence
['kri:dəns] n. 信任；凭证；祭器台（等于credence table，credenza）
Noun.1 a : mental acceptance as true or real *give credence to gossip* b : CREDIBILITY 1 *lends credence to the theory*
2 : CREDENTIALS ? used in the phrase letters of credence
3 [Middle French, from Old Italian credenza] : a Renaissance sideboard used chiefly for valuable plate
4 : a small table where the bread and wine rest before consecration
synonyms see BELIEF
107
credo
['kri:dəu] n. 信条，教义
| Noun. : CREED
108
creep
[kri:p] vi. 爬行；蔓延；慢慢地移动；起鸡皮疙瘩
n. 爬行；毛骨悚然的感觉；谄媚者
vi.1 a : to move along with the body prone and close to the ground b : to move slowly on hands and knees
2 a : to go very slowly *the hours crept by* b : to go timidly or cautiously so as to escape notice *she crept away from the festive scene* c : to enter or advance gradually so as to be almost unnoticed *age creeps up on us* *a note of irritation crept into her voice*
3 : to have the sensation of being covered with creeping things *the thought made his flesh creep*
4 of a plant : to spread or grow over a surface rooting at intervals or clinging with tendrils, stems, or aerial roots
5 a : to slip or gradually shift position b : to change shape permanently from prolonged stress or exposure to high temperatures
Noun.1 : a movement of or like creeping *traffic moving at a creep*
2 : a distressing sensation like that caused by the creeping of insects over one's flesh; especially : a feeling of apprehension or horror ? usually used in plural with the *that gives me the creeps*
3 : a feed trough accessible only by young animals and used especially to supply special or supplementary feed ? called also creep feeder
4 : the slow change of dimensions of an object from prolonged exposure to high temperature or stress
5 : an unpleasant or obnoxious person
6 : a slow but persistent increase or elevation *this political inertiaTmakes budget creep inevitable ?Wall Street Journal*
109
crepuscular
[krɪ'pʌskjʊlə; kre-] adj. 黄昏的；朦胧的；拂晓的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or resembling twilight : DIM *crepuscular light*
2 : occurring or active during twilight *crepuscular insects* *crepuscular activity*
110
crescendo
[kri'ʃendəu] n. 声音渐增
adv. 渐次加强地
adj. 渐强的
vi. 音量逐渐增强
Noun.1 a : a gradual increase; specifically : a gradual increase in volume of a musical passage b : the peak of a gradual increase : CLIMAX *complaints about stifling smog conditions reach a crescendo ?Down Beat*
2 : a crescendo musical passage
Adj or adv.: with an increase in volume ? used as a direction in music
111
crib
[krib] n. 婴儿床；栅栏；食槽
vi. 剽窃
vt. 拘禁，关入栅栏；抄袭
Noun.1 : a manger for feeding animals
2 : an enclosure especially of framework: as a : a stall for a stabled animal b : a small child's bedstead with high enclosing usually slatted sides c : any of various devices resembling a crate or framework in structure d : a building for storage : BIN
3 a : a small narrow room or dwelling : HUT, SHACK b : a room or shack used for prostitution
4 : the cards discarded in cribbage for the dealer to use in scoring
5 a : a small theft b : PLAGIARISM c : a literal translation; especially : PONY 3 d : a summary and key to understanding a literary work e : something used for cheating in an examination
6 : CRECHE 1
transitive verb
1 : CONFINE, CRAMP
2 : to provide with or put into a crib; especially : to line or support with a framework of timber
3 : PILFER, STEAL; especially : PLAGIARIZE
intransitive verb
1 a : STEAL, PLAGIARIZE b : to use a crib : CHEAT
2 : to have the vice of cribbing
112
crimp
[krimp] n. 卷发；皱褶；抑制；束缚
vt. 使卷曲；使有褶
vt.1 : to cause to become wavy, bent, or pinched: as a : to form (leather) into a desired shape b : to give (synthetic fibers) a curl or wave like that of natural fibers c : to pinch or press together (as the margins of a pie crust) in order to seal
2 : to be an inhibiting or restraining influence on : CRAMP *sales had been crimped by credit controls ?Time*
Noun.1 : something produced by or as if by crimping: as a : a section of hair artificially waved or curled b : a succession of waves (as in wool fiber) c : a bend or crease formed in something
2 : something that cramps or inhibits : RESTRAINT, CURB
Noun. : a person who entraps or forces men into shipping as sailors or into enlisting in an army or navy
vt. : to trap into military or sea service : IMPRESS
113
cringing
[krindʒiŋ] n. 奉承（的）
adj. 谄媚（的）
Adj.1 : that shrinks in fear or servility *a cringing rascal*
2 : ABJECT, SERVILE *cringing caution*
114
croak
```
[krəuk] vi. 呱呱地叫；发牢骚；死
vt. 用嘶哑的声音说；死亡
n. 呱呱叫声；低沉沙哑的说话声
Intransitive verb
1 a : to make a deep harsh sound b : to speak in a hoarse throaty voice
2 : GRUMBLE 1
3 slang : DIE
transitive verb
1 : to utter in a hoarse raucous voice
2 slang : KILL
Noun.: a hoarse harsh cry or sound
```
115
cronyism
['krəuniizəm] n. 任人唯亲；任用亲信
Noun.: partiality to cronies especially as evidenced in the appointment of political hangers-on to office without regard to their qualifications
116
crook
[kruk] n. 骗子，坏蛋；弯处，弯曲部分；钩状物
vt. 使弯曲；欺骗，诈骗
vi. 弯曲，成钩形
Transitive verb : BEND
intransitive verb : CURVE, WIND
Noun.1 : an implement having a bent or hooked form: as a : POTHOOK b (1) : a shepherd's staff (2) : CROSIER 1
2 : a part of something that is hook-shaped, curved, or bent *the crook of an umbrella handle*
3 : BEND, CURVE
4 : a person who engages in fraudulent or criminal practices
Adj.Australian & New Zealand : not right: a : UNSATISFACTORY b : DISHONEST, CROOKED c : IRRITABLE, ANGRY ? used especially in the phrase go crook d : ILL, UNWELL
Noun.1 a : a curved or bent device for catching, holding, or pulling b : something intended to attract and ensnare c : ANCHOR 1
2 : something curved or bent like a hook; especially plural : FINGERS
3 : a flight or course of a ball that deviates from straight in a direction opposite to the dominant hand of the player propelling it; also : a ball following such a course ? compare SLICE
4 : a short blow delivered with a circular motion by a boxer while the elbow remains bent and rigid
5 : HOOK SHOT
6 : BUTTONHOOK
7 : quick or summary removal ? used with get or give *the pitcher got the hook after giving up three runs*
8 : a device especially in music or writing that catches the attention
9 : a selling point or marketing scheme
10 : CRADLE 1b(2)
117
croon
[kru:n] vi. 低声歌唱；满怀柔情地唱流行歌曲
vt. 柔情地唱；对…低声唱
n. 低吟，低吟声；轻哼，轻哼声
Intransitive verb
1 chiefly Scottish : BELLOW, BOOM
2 : to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring manner; especially : to sing in a soft intimate manner adapted to amplifying systems
transitive verb : to sing (as a popular song or a lullaby) in a crooning manner
118
crouch
[krautʃ] vi. 蹲伏，蜷伏；卑躬屈膝
vt. 低头；屈膝
n. 蹲伏
Intransitive verb
1 a : to lower the body stance especially by bending the legs *a sprinter crouched ready to go* b : to lie close to the ground with the legs bent *a pair of cats, crouching on the brink of a fight ?Aldous Huxley*
2 : to bend or bow servilely : CRINGE
3 : to stand at a low height *cottages crouched along the river*
transitive verb : to bow especially in humility or fear : BEND
119
crucial
['kru:ʃəl] adj. 重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的
Adj.1 archaic : CRUCIFORM
2 a : important or essential as resolving a crisis : DECISIVE *a crucial step* b : marked by final determination of a doubtful issue *the crucial game of a series* c : IMPORTANT, SIGNIFICANT *what use we make of them will be the crucial question ?Stanley Kubrick*
synonyms see ACUTE
120
crudity
['kru:diti] n. 粗糙；简陋；未成熟物
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being crude
2 : something that is crude
121
crumb
```
[krʌm] n. 面包屑，碎屑；少许
vt. 弄碎；捏碎
Noun.1 a : a small fragment especially of something baked (as bread) b : a porous aggregate of soil particles
2 : BIT *a crumb of good news*
3 : the soft part of bread
4 slang : a worthless person
vt.1 : to break into crumbs
2 : to cover or thicken with crumbs
3 : to remove crumbs from *crumb a table*
```
122
crumble
['krʌmbl] vi. 崩溃；破碎，粉碎
vt. 崩溃；弄碎，粉碎
n. 面包屑
Transitive verb : to break into small pieces
intransitive verb
1 : to fall into small pieces : DISINTEGRATE
2 : to break down completely : COLLAPSE *marriages crumble*
Noun.1 : something crumbled : fine debris
2 : CRISP 2
123
crusade
[kru:'seid] n. 改革运动；十字军东侵
vi. 加入十字军；从事改革运动
Noun.1 capitalized : any of the military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to win the Holy Land from the Muslims
2 : a remedial enterprise undertaken with zeal and enthusiasm
Vi,.: to engage in a crusade
124
cub
[kʌb] n. 幼兽；不懂规矩的年轻人
vi. 生育幼兽
Noun.1 a : a young carnivorous mammal (as a bear, fox, or lion) b : a young shark
2 : a young person
3 : APPRENTICE; especially : an inexperienced newspaper reporter
125
cuddle
['kʌdl] vi. 拥抱；偎依；舒服地贴著身睡
vt. 拥抱；亲热地搂住；抚爱地拥抱
n. 搂抱，拥抱
Transitive verb : to hold close for warmth or comfort or in affection
intransitive verb : to lie close or snug : NESTLE, SNUGGLE
Noun.: a close embrace
126
cue
[kju:] n. 提示，暗示；线索
vt. 给…暗示
Noun. : the letter q
Noun.1 a : a signal (as a word, phrase, or bit of stage business) to a performer to begin a specific speech or action b : something serving a comparable purpose : HINT
2 : a feature indicating the nature of something perceived
3 archaic : the part one has to perform in or as if in a play
4 archaic : MOOD, HUMOR
vt.1 : to give a cue to : PROMPT
2 : to insert into a continuous performance *cue in sound effects*
Noun.1 a : a leather-tipped tapering rod for striking the cue ball (as in billiards and pool) b : a long-handled instrument with a concave head for shoving disks in shuffleboard
2 : QUEUE 2
transitive verb
1 : QUEUE
2 : to strike with a cue
intransitive verb
1 : QUEUE
2 : to use a cue
127
cull
[kʌl] vt. 精选；采集（鲜花等）；剔除
n. 剔出来杀掉的动物；拣出的等外品
vt.1 : to select from a group : CHOOSE *culled the best passages from the poet's work*
2 : to reduce or control the size of (as a herd) by removal (as by hunting) of especially weaker animals; also : to hunt or kill (animals) as a means of population control
Noun.: something rejected especially as being inferior or worthless *how to separate good-looking pecans from culls ?Washington Post*
128
culmination
[,kʌlmi'neiʃən] n. 顶点；高潮
Noun.1 : the action of culminating
2 : culminating position : CLIMAX
synonyms see SUMMIT
129
culprit
['kʌlprit] n. 犯人，罪犯；被控犯罪的人
Noun.1 : one accused of or charged with a crime
2 : one guilty of a crime or a fault
3 : the source or cause of a problem
130
cult
[kʌlt] n. 祭仪（尤其指宗教上的）；礼拜；狂热信徒
adj. 狂热崇拜的
Noun.1 : formal religious veneration : WORSHIP
2 : a system of religious beliefs and ritual; also : its body of adherents
3 : a religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious; also : its body of adherents
4 : a system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator *health cults*
5 a : great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work (as a film or book); especially : such devotion regarded as a literary or intellectual fad b : the object of such devotion c : a usually small group of people characterized by such devotion
131
cultivate
['kʌltiveit] vt. 培养；陶冶；耕作
vt.1 : to prepare or prepare and use for the raising of crops; also : to loosen or break up the soil about (growing plants)
2 a : to foster the growth of *cultivate vegetables* b : CULTURE 2a c : to improve by labor, care, or study : REFINE *cultivate the mind*
3 : FURTHER, ENCOURAGE *cultivate the arts*
4 : to seek the society of : make friends with
132
cultivated
['kʌltiveitid] adj. 耕种的；有教养的
v. 发展（cultivate的过去分词）；耕作；教化
Adj. : REFINED, EDUCATED *cultivated speech* *cultivated tastes*
133
cumber
['kʌmbə] vt. 阻碍，妨害；使受苦
n. 拖累，累赘；妨害
vt.1 archaic : TROUBLE, HARASS
2 a : to hinder or encumber by being in the way *cumbered with heavy clothing* b : to clutter up *rocks cumbering the yard*
Noun. : something that cumbers; especially : HINDRANCE
134
cunning
['kʌniŋ] adj. 狡猾的；巧妙的；可爱的
n. 狡猾
Adj.1 : dexterous or crafty in the use of special resources (as skill or knowledge) or in attaining an end *a cunning plotter*
2 : displaying keen insight *a cunning observation*
3 : characterized by wiliness and trickery *cunning schemes*
4 : prettily appealing : CUTE *a cunning little kitten*
synonyms see CLEVER, SLY
Noun.1 obsolete a : KNOWLEDGE, LEARNING b : magic art
2 : dexterous skill and subtlety (as in inventing, devising, or executing) *high-ribbed vaultTwith perfect cunning framed ?William Wordsworth*
3 : CRAFT, SLYNESS
synonyms see ART
135
cupidity
[kju:'piditi] n. 贪心，贪婪
Noun.1 : inordinate desire for wealth : AVARICE, GREED
2 : strong desire : LUST
136
curator
[kjuə'reitə] n. 馆长；监护人；管理者
Noun. : one who has the care and superintendence of something; especially : one in charge of a museum, zoo, or other place of exhibit
137
curdle
```
['kə:dl] vi. 凝固
vt. 使凝结
Intransitive verb
1 : to form curds; also : to congeal as if by forming curds *a scream curdled in her throat*
2 : to go bad or wrong : SPOIL
transitive verb
1 : to cause curds to form in *curdled milk*
2 : SPOIL, SOUR
```
138
curfew
['kə:fju:] n. 宵禁；宵禁令；晚钟；打晚钟时刻
Noun.1 : the sounding of a bell at evening *the Curfew tolls the knell of parting day ?Thomas Gray*
2 a : a regulation enjoining the withdrawal of usually specified persons (as juveniles or military personnel) from the streets or the closing of business establishments or places of assembly at a stated hour b : a signal to announce the beginning of a curfew c : the hour at which a curfew becomes effective d : the period during which a curfew is in effect
139
cutlery
['kʌtləri] n. 餐具；刀剑制造业
Noun.1 : the business of a cutler
2 : edged or cutting tools; specifically : implements for cutting and eating food
140
cyclone
['saikləun] n. 旋风；气旋；飓风
Noun.1 a : a storm or system of winds that rotates about a center of low atmospheric pressure, advances at a speed of 20 to 30 miles (about 30 to 50 kilometers) an hour, and often brings heavy rain b : TORNADO c : 4LOW 1b
2 : any of various centrifugal devices for separating materials (as solid particles from gases)
141
cynic
['sinik] n. 愤世嫉俗者；犬儒学派的人
adj. 犬儒学派的
Noun.1 capitalized : an adherent of an ancient Greek school of philosophers who held the view that virtue is the only good and that its essence lies in self-control and independence
2 : a faultfinding captious critic; especially : one who believes that human conduct is motivated wholly by self-interest
142
cynosure
['sinəzjuə] n. 指针；众人瞩目的焦点
Noun.1 capitalized : the northern constellation Ursa Minor; also : NORTH STAR
2 : one that serves to direct or guide
3 : a center of attraction or attention *turned an eyesore into a cynosure ?Catherine Reynolds*
143
dabble
['dæbl] vt. 溅湿；浸入水中
vi. 涉猎；涉足；玩水
Transitive verb : to wet by splashing or by little dips or strokes : SPATTER
intransitive verb
1 a : to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water b : to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food
2 : to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest *dabbles in art*
144
daft
[dɑ:ft, dæft] adj. 癫狂的；愚笨的；狂闹的
Adj.1 a : SILLY, FOOLISH b : MAD, INSANE
2 Scottish : frivolously merry
145
dainty
['deinti] adj. 美味的；讲究的；秀丽的；挑剔的
n. 美味
Noun.1 a : something delicious to the taste b : something choice or pleasing
2 obsolete : FASTIDIOUSNESS
Adj.1 a : tasting good : TASTY b : attractively prepared and served
2 : marked by delicate or diminutive beauty, form, or grace *dainty teacups*
3 obsolete : CHARY, RELUCTANT
4 a : marked by fastidious discrimination or finicky taste b : showing avoidance of anything rough
synonyms see CHOICE
146
dalliance
['dæliəns] n. 嬉戏；闲混；调情
| Noun.: an act of dallying: as a : PLAY; especially : amorous play b : frivolous action : TRIFLING
147
dally
```
['dæli] vi. 玩弄；闲荡；轻率地对待
vt. 浪费（时间）
vi.1 a : to act playfully; especially : to play amorously b : to deal lightly : TOY *accused him of dallying with a serious problem*
2 a : to waste time b : LINGER, DAWDLE
synonyms see TRIFLE, DELAY
```
148
damn
[dæm] vt. 谴责；罚…下地狱
vi. 谴责
n. 一点；诅咒
adj. 可恶的
adv. 非常
Transitive verb
1 : to condemn to a punishment or fate; especially : to condemn to hell
2 a : to condemn vigorously and often irascibly for some real or fancied fault or defect *damned the storm for their delay* b : to condemn as a failure by public criticism
3 : to bring ruin on
4 : to swear at : CURSE ? often used to express annoyance, disgust, or surprise *damn him, he should have been careful* *I'll be damned*
intransitive verb : CURSE, SWEAR
Noun.1 : the utterance of the word damn as a curse
2 : a minimum amount or degree (as of care or consideration) : the least bit *don't give a damn*
Adj or adv.: DAMNED *a damn nuisance* *ran damn fast*
149
damp
[dæmp] vt. 使潮湿；使阻尼；使沮丧，抑制
vi. 减幅，阻尼；变潮湿
n. 潮湿，湿气
adj. 潮湿的
Noun.1 : a noxious gas ? compare BLACK DAMP, FIREDAMP
2 : MOISTURE: a : HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS b archaic : FOG, MIST
3 a : DISCOURAGEMENT, CHECK b archaic : DEPRESSION, DEJECTION
transitive verb
1 a : to affect with or as if with a noxious gas : CHOKE b : to diminish the activity or intensity of *damping down the causes of inflation* *liquid damps out compass oscillations* c : to check the vibration or oscillation of (as a string or voltage)
2 : DAMPEN
intransitive verb : to diminish progressively in vibration or oscillation
Adj.1 a archaic : being confused, bewildered, or shocked : STUPEFIED b : DEPRESSED, DULL
2 : slightly or moderately wet : MOIST *a damp towel*; also : HUMID *damp weather*
synonyms see WET
150
dangle
['dæŋɡl] vi. 摇晃地悬挂着
vt. 使摇晃地悬挂
Intransitive verb
1 : to hang loosely and usually so as to be able to swing freely
2 : to be a hanger-on or a dependent
3 : to occur in a sentence without having a normally expected syntactic relation to the rest of the sentence (as climbing in *Climbing the mountain the cabin came into view*) *a dangling participle* *a dangling modifier*
transitive verb
1 : to cause to dangle : SWING *dangled her feet in the water*
2 a : to keep hanging uncertainly b : to hold out as an inducement
Noun.1 : the action of dangling
2 : something that dangles
151
dank
[dæŋk] adj. 潮湿的；阴湿的；透水的
Adj. : unpleasantly moist or wet *a dank basement*
synonyms see WET
152
dapper
['dæpə] adj. 短小精悍的；衣冠楚楚的；整洁的；整齐的
Adj.1 a : neat and trim in appearance b : very spruce and stylish
2 : alert and lively in movement and manners
153
daredevil
```
['dεə,devəl] n. 铤而走险的人，蛮勇的人
adj. 蛮勇的，不怕死的
Adj.: recklessly and often ostentatiously daring
synonyms see ADVENTUROUS
Noun. : a recklessly bold person
```
154
dash
[dæʃ] n. 破折号；冲撞
vt. 使…破灭；猛撞；泼溅
vi. 猛冲；撞击
Transitive verb
1 : to break by striking or knocking
2 : to knock, hurl, or thrust violently
3 : SPLASH, SPATTER
4 a : RUIN, DESTROY *the news dashed his hopes* b : DEPRESS, SADDEN c : to make ashamed
5 : to affect by mixing in something different *his delight was dashed with bitterness over the delay*
6 : to complete, execute, or finish off hastily ? used with down or off *dashed down a drink* *dash off a letter*
7 [euphemism] : 1DAMN 4
intransitive verb
1 : to move with sudden speed *dashed through the rain*
2 : SMASH
Noun.1 a archaic : BLOW b (1) : a sudden burst or splash (2) : the sound produced by such a burst
2 a : a stroke of a pen b : a punctuation mark * that is used especially to indicate a break in the thought or structure of a sentence
3 : a small usually distinctive addition *a dash of salt* *a dash of humor*
4 : flashy display
5 : animation in style and action
6 a : a sudden onset, rush, or attempt b : a short fast race
7 : a long click or buzz forming a letter or part of a letter (as in Morse code)
8 : DASHBOARD 2
155
daub
```
[dɔ:b] vt. 涂抹；乱画；弄脏
vi. 涂抹；乱画
n. 涂抹；涂料；拙劣的画
Transitive verb
1 : to cover or coat with soft adhesive matter : PLASTER
2 : to coat with a dirty substance
3 a : to apply coloring material crudely to b : to apply (as paint) crudely
intransitive verb
1 archaic : to put on a false exterior
2 : to apply colors crudely
Noun.1 : material used to daub walls
2 : an act or instance of daubing
3 : something daubed on : SMEAR
4 : a crude picture
```
156
dawdle
```
['dɔ:dl] vi. 混日子；游手好闲；偷懒
vt. 混日子；游手好闲；浪费时间
Intransitive verb
1 : to spend time idly
2 : to move lackadaisically
transitive verb : to spend fruitlessly or lackadaisically *dawdled the day away*
synonyms see DELAY
```
157
daze
[deiz] vt. 使茫然；使眼花缭乱；使晕眩
n. 迷乱，眼花缭乱
vt.1 : to stupefy especially by a blow : STUN
2 : to dazzle with light
158
deaden
['dedən] vt. 使减弱；使麻木；隔阻
vi. 变得如死一般；失去活力
Transitive verb
1 : to impair in vigor or sensation : BLUNT *deadened his enthusiasm* *deadened the pain*
2 a : to deprive of brilliance b : to make vapid or spiritless *oxygen deadens wine* c : to make (as a wall) impervious to sound
3 : to deprive of life : KILL
intransitive verb : to become dead : lose life or vigor
159
deadlock
```
['dedlɔk] n. 僵局，停顿
vi. 死锁；停顿
vt. 停顿；相持不下
Noun.1 : a state of inaction or neutralization resulting from the opposition of equally powerful uncompromising persons or factions : STANDSTILL *the deadlock was broken with a key compromise*
2 : a tie score
```
160
debar
[di'bɑ:] vt. 阻止；排除；防止
| vt.: to bar from having or doing something : PRECLUDE
161
debark
[di'bɑ:k] vt. 使下船；使登陆；卸
vi. 登陆
Verb.: DISEMBARK
vt. : to remove bark from
