lab 7

Question 1

3 mechanisms that help blood get back to the heart

Answer 1

valves
skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump

Question 2

how blood gets back to the heart (valves)

Answer 2

valves permit blood flow in only one direction

Question 3

how blood gets bakc to the heart (Skeletal muscle pump)

Answer 3

compression of the blood vessels by skeletal muscle squeezes blood towards the heart

Question 4

how blood gets back to the heart (respiratory pump)

Answer 4

contraction of the diaphragm compresses abdominal veins which moves blood to the thoracic cavity, valves then prevent backflow of that blood

Question 5

why do arteries have a thicker muscle layer?

Answer 5

they adjust their diameter to maintain blood pressure

Question 6

what type of epitehlium lines blood vessels

Answer 6

simple squamous

Question 7

cerebral arterial circle components

Answer 7

anterior cerebral
anterior communicating
posterior cerebral
posterior communicating

Question 8

internal jugular vein

Answer 8

big veins coming down, matching artery is common carotid

Question 9

external jugular vein

Answer 9

smaller veins coming down, in same spot as vertebral artery

Question 10

largest vein in the body

Answer 10

inferior vena cava

Question 11

how many hepatic veins are there

Answer 11

3

Question 12

hepatic portal vein blood pathway

Answer 12

carried blood from the intestines, stomach, spleen, pancreas, and gall bladder to the liver

Question 13

cephalic vein

Answer 13

superior branch off of subclavian vein right before axillary vein

Question 14

brachial vein

Answer 14

superior branch off of axillary vein

Question 15

basalic vein

Answer 15

inferior branch off of axillary vein

Question 16

great saphenous

Answer 16

medial split off of external iliac /femoral

Question 17

function of cerebral arterial circle

Answer 17

provides alternate pathways in case of impaired bloodflow

Question 18

5 organs the celiac trunk supplies blood to

Answer 18

stomach, spleen, pancreas, intestines, gallbladder

Question 19

why is blood in the hepatic portal vein taken to the liver first?

Answer 19

hepatic portal viens sends nutrient rich blood from gastrointestinal tract to the liver before returning to the heart

Question 20

non functional fetal systems

Answer 20

digestive and pulmonary

Question 21

placenta

Answer 21

develops on uterine wall during pregnancy, allows for blood to leave and enter fetus

Question 22

umbilical arteries

Answer 22

artery that passes deoxy blood from fetus to placenta, located in umbilical cord

Question 23

umbilical arteries - adult structure

Answer 23

medical umbilical ligaments

Question 24

umbilical vein

Answer 24

brings oxy blood to fetus from placenta, divides into two branches

Question 25

umbilical vein - adult structure

Answer 25

ligamentum teres

Question 26

umbilical vein - two branches

Answer 26

hepatic portal vein ductus venosus

Question 27

ductus venosus

Answer 27

second branch of umbilical vein where most of the blood will go, flows into inferior vena cava

Question 28

ductus venosus - adult structure

Answer 28

ligementum venosum

Question 29

foramen ovale

Answer 29

hole between right and left atria that allows the oxy blood in teh right atria to bypass the lungs and be pumped into the fetal tissues

Question 30

foramen ovale - adult structure

Answer 30

fossa ovalis

Question 31

ductus arteriosus

Answer 31

connects pulmonary trunk with aorta to prevent any blood that didnt bypass the pulmonary track (through the foramen ovale) to do so

Question 32

ductus arteriosus - adult structure

Answer 32

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 33

opening in fetal interatrial septum

Answer 33

foramen ovale

Question 34

lymphatic capillaries and veins

Answer 34

where lymph vessels begin, carry lymph to desired locations

Question 35

lacteals

Answer 35

specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that carry dietary lipids into lymph vessels

Question 36

cisterna chyli

Answer 36

dilation point of thoracic duct, receives lymph from left and right lumbar trunks and intestinal trunk

Question 37

thoracic duct

Answer 37

largest lymph vessel

Question 38

right lymphatic duct

Answer 38

merging of 3 ducts (jugular, subclavian, brachiomediastinal) to form a single junction with the venous system, located in the right upper body bu the subclavian artery

Question 39

thymus

Answer 39

houses/produces many T cells, located between teh sternum and aorta

Question 40

spleen

Answer 40

stores/filters blood, makes white blood cells, location behind stomach

Question 41

MALT

Answer 41

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue, initiates immune response

Question 42

aggregated lymphatic follicles

Answer 42

function to transport dietary lipids

Question 43

palatine tonsils

Answer 43

posterior region of the oral cavity, most commonly removed

Question 44

lingual tonsils

Answer 44

base of the tongue

Question 45

pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 45

posterior wall of nasopharynx

Question 46

function of all three tonsils

Answer 46

prevent infection of the digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 47

appendix

Answer 47

located at the end of the large intestine, destroys bacteria before it is absorbed

Question 48

bone marrow

Answer 48

produces leukocytes and erythrocytes

Question 49

lymph node locations (6)

Answer 49

iliac inguinal intestinal axillary submandibular cervical

Question 50

function of the lymph nodes

Answer 50

drains nearby areas interstitial fluid, filters collect the lymph and returns in to the vascular system

Question 51

iliac nodes vs inguinal nodes

Answer 51

iliac nodes = above inguinal ligament inguinal nodes = below

Question 52

3 main functions of lymphatic system

Answer 52

drain excess fluid transport dietary lipis carry out immune response

Question 53

edema

Answer 53

swelling caused by build up of fluid in the body (lymph fluid = lymphedema)

Question 54

what causes lymph to be transported into the lymph capillaries?

Answer 54

unique one way system - lets interstitial fluid in but not out. lymph capillaries have better permeability that blood ones and are larger

Question 55

three mechanisms that cause lymph to move back to the heart

Answer 55

skeletal muscle pump respiratory pump valves

Question 56

where do the lymph vessels meet the vascular system?

Answer 56

right lymphatic duct (3 ducts combined) left lymphatic duct (thoracic duct)

Question 57

where does hemopoiesis take place (fetal /adult)

Answer 57

fetal - liver and spleen adult - bone marrow

Question 58

why is having lots of lymph nodes at the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts important?

Answer 58

R = brain excess fluid form lungs, protect from pathogens D = defend, absorb dietary lipids and vitamins from small intestine, drain fluid U = drain fluid from organs, defend

Question 59

serum

Answer 59

liquid portion of blood after a clot