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Biol 1190 > lecture 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is anatomy

A

the study of body structures and their relationships to one another

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2
Q

what is physiology

A

the study of function

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3
Q

serous membranes

A

membranes that surround the viscera

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4
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity that contains pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum

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5
Q

6 levels of structural organization in the body (think about the book analogy)

A

chemical
cellular
tissue
organ
system
organismal

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6
Q

serous fluid

A

fluid produced by serous membranes that lubricate and protect viscera

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7
Q

pericardial cavity

A

fluid filled space between pericardium that surrounds the heart

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8
Q

muscular system

A

skeletal muscles

moves and heats the body

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9
Q

serous membrane subcategories (heart, lungs, abdominal cavity and its organs)

A

pleura - lungs
pericardium - heart
peritoneum - abdominal cavity

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10
Q

dorsal body cavity contains:

A

Cranial cavity
vertebral cavity

for reverse question, what is the bigger group name for these cavities?

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11
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle that divides the ventral cavities into thoracic and abdominopelvic

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12
Q

nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs

sense signals and coordinate electrical responses

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13
Q

6 characteristics of living things

A

metabolize complex chemical substances
respond to stimuli
move
grow
differentiate and develop
reproduce

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14
Q

oblique plane

A

plane that divides your body in any angle not mentioned above

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15
Q

signs

A

changes in the body that can be measured and observed (objective)

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16
Q

peritoneal membrane

A

separates peritoneum and retroperitoneum compartments

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17
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) facts (4)

A

fluid that emits positrons is injected
positrons collide with electrons and produce gamma rays
tissue with high metabolic activity appear red (tumours, abnormally active organs)
looks for high activity places (malignant tumours and such)

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18
Q

cranial cavity

A

a cavity formed by cranial bones and contains the brain

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19
Q

pleural cavity

A

fluid filled space between layers of pleura that surrounds the lungs

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20
Q

organs inside of the two ventral cavities are called:

A

viscera

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21
Q

tissues come together to form:

A

organs (formation)

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22
Q

pelvic cavity

A

a cavity that contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and reproductive organs

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23
Q

digestive system

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, anus, supporting glands

acquires and extracts nutrients and eliminates waste

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24
Q

midline

A

imaginary line that divides your body in EQUAL left and right halves

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25
for organisms to survive, they must maintain the _______ and ________ of body fluid at all times
volume, composition for reverse question, what are these two words referring to?
26
types of extracellular fluid (3)
ECF in blood vessels/cardiovascular system - blood plasma ECF in lymph vessels - lymph ECF between cells - interstitial fluid
27
path of a positive feedback loop with childbirth example
stimulus - cervix stretches as baby is ready to go receptors - nerves in cervix sense dilation control centre - releases oxytocin (pituitary gland) effectors - myometrium (uterus muscles) contract to continue stretching cervix net response - cervix continues to stretch, increase stretching causes loop to continue = more oxytocin return to homeostasis - cycle is broken when baby is born and cervix ceases stretching
28
intracellular fluid
fluid inside of the cells - also known as cytoplasm
29
respiratory system
lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, diaphragm exchange gas between the body and the environment, disposes of CO2 waste
30
abdominolpelvic cavity
contains the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
31
abdominal cavity
a cavity that contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of the large intestine
32
lymphatic system
lymph, vessels that carry lymph, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils filters body fluids and defends the body from invaders
33
reproductive system
gonads, organs, and glands that support copulation and reproduction produces gametes, enables copulation, and in females, house and nourishes young
34
supine position
laying face up
35
vertebral cavity
a cavity formed by the vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves
36
cardiovascular system
heart, blood, vessels that carry blood transport blood, nutrients, and gases throughout the body
37
what imaging technique would be useful for a suspected bone fracture?
xray for reverse, what could an xray be used to find?
38
disease are:
disorders with characteristic signs and symbols linked to a cause
39
ventral cavity
thoracic cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity for reverse question, what is the bigger group name for these cavities?
40
coronal plane
plane that divides your body in anterior and posterior halves
41
types of tissues
epithelial connective muscle neural
42
abdominopelvic terms/divisions (how are they divided)
midclavicular lines create columns subcostal (above line) and transtubercular (below line) create rows for reverse question, what do these lines make up
43
when something about the body is disregulated:
disease, illness, move away from homeostasis
44
peritoneum parts (linings)
visceral peritoneum - lines viscera parietal peritoneum - lines abdominal cavity walls including inferior side of diaphragm
45
feedback loops - positive and negative
positive - rare, enhance initial chance example - childbirth, oxytocin is release when the cervix is stretched causing myometrium to contract more and more forcefully until baby comes out and cycle is interrupted negative - common, reverses initial change example - if heart rate is high, heart pumps less quickly, dilate vessels to decrease pressure
46
abdominopevlic regions (9)
from top to bottom: right/left hypochondriac regions + epigastric region R/L lumbar regions + umbilical region R/L inguinal regions + hypogastric region
47
what imaging technique could be used to find a kidney tumour?
PET, MRI, CT for reverse, what could these three imaging techniques find?
48
endocrine system
the cells and glands that secrete hormones senses signals and coordinates chemical responses
49
x ray facts (5)
high energy electromagnetic radiation cannot pass through bone (appears white) passes through tissue (appears dark) can use a contrast medium to visualize organs good for broken bones
50
extracellular fluid + cells
comes together to form tissue
51
urinary system
kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra removes nitrogenous waste and maintains pH of the body
52
paramedian plane / parasagittal plane
plane that divides your body in UNEQUAL left and right sides
53
symtoms
changes in body functions that are felt or reported (subjective)
54
path of a negative feedback loop with blood pressure example
stimulus - high BP receptors - baroreceptors in vessels detect change control center - nerve impulses effectors - slow heart contractions, dilate vessles net response - decreased BP return to homeostasis - when loop has brought BP to normal
55
transverse plane
plane that divides your body into superior and inferior halves (do not have to be equal)
56
homeostasis
the dynamic upkeep of a set of internal conditions within set parameters
57
anatomical position
facing forward, palms facing forward
58
prone position
laying face down
59
skeletal system
bones, joints, cartilage protects internal organs and supports body tissues and movement
60
11 human organ systems
integumentary muscular skeletal lymphatic respiratory digestive cardiovascular nervous endocrine urinary reproductive
61
Computed tomography (CT scan) facts (4)
x rays that are set form multiple angles around a body section creates a transverse section scan provided better resolution than xray looks for internal damage
62
endoscopy (2)
cameras sent inside the body to view looks for functional or structural abnormalities
63
facts about organ systems in general (2)
they are a group of related organs with similar functions that work together to preform function they are interdependent - they cannot function without other organ systems
64
peritoneum subgroups (parietal)
peritoneum - contains all abdominal cavity organs - lining of the abdominal cavity retroperitoneum - contains kidneys, parts of large intestine, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, parts of the aorta, inferior vena cava - behind peritoneum these two compartments are separated by serous membranes
65
integumentary system
skin, nails, hair, associated glands cover and protect the body
66
disorders result from:
abnormal body function for reverse question, abnormal body function leads to?
67
what imaging technique could be used to find a subdural hematoma (bleeding in the brain)?
PET, MRI
68
abdominopelvic regions (4)
right upper quadrant right lower quadrant left upper quadrant left lower quadrant
69
median plane / sagittal plane
plane that divides your body along the midline
70
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) facts (4)
magnets rearrange protons in cellular molecules create a pattern of ions can look at soft tissue good for finding tumours and blood clots
71
extracellular fluid
fluid found outside of cells
72
mediastinum
central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs. contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels contains all organs in thoracic cavity EXCEPT the lungs
73
the study of body structures and their relationships to one another
what is anatomy
74
the study of function
what is physiology
75
membranes that surround the viscera
serous membranes
76
chest cavity that contains pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum
thoracic cavity
77
chemical cellular tissue organ system organismal
6 levels of structural organization in the body (think about the book analogy)
78
fluid produced by serous membranes that lubricate and protect viscera
serous fluid
79
fluid filled space between pericardium that surrounds the heart
pericardial cavity
80
skeletal muscles moves and heats the body
muscular system
81
pleura - lungs pericardium - heart peritoneum - abdominal cavity
serous membrane subcategories (heart, lungs, abdominal cavity and its organs)
82
Cranial cavity vertebral cavity for reverse question, what is the bigger group name for these cavities?
dorsal body cavity contains:
83
muscle that divides the ventral cavities into thoracic and abdominopelvic
diaphragm
84
brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs sense signals and coordinate electrical responses
nervous system
85
metabolize complex chemical substances respond to stimuli move grow differentiate and develop reproduce
6 characteristics of living things
86
plane that divides your body in any angle not mentioned above
oblique plane
87
changes in the body that can be measured and observed (objective)
signs
88
separates peritoneum and retroperitoneum compartments
peritoneal membrane
89
fluid that emits positrons is injected positrons collide with electrons and produce gamma rays tissue with high metabolic activity appear red (tumours, abnormally active organs) looks for high activity places (malignant tumours and such)
positron emission tomography (PET) facts (4)
90
a cavity formed by cranial bones and contains the brain
cranial cavity
91
fluid filled space between layers of pleura that surrounds the lungs
pleural cavity
92
viscera
organs inside of the two ventral cavities are called:
93
organs (formation)
tissues come together to form:
94
a cavity that contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and reproductive organs
pelvic cavity
95
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, anus, supporting glands acquires and extracts nutrients and eliminates waste
digestive system
96
imaginary line that divides your body in EQUAL left and right halves
midline
97
volume, composition for reverse question, what are these two words referring to?
for organisms to survive, they must maintain the _______ and ________ of body fluid at all times
98
ECF in blood vessels/cardiovascular system - blood plasma ECF in lymph vessels - lymph ECF between cells - interstitial fluid
types of extracellular fluid (3)
99
stimulus - cervix stretches as baby is ready to go receptors - nerves in cervix sense dilation control centre - releases oxytocin (pituitary gland) effectors - myometrium (uterus muscles) contract to continue stretching cervix net response - cervix continues to stretch, increase stretching causes loop to continue = more oxytocin return to homeostasis - cycle is broken when baby is born and cervix ceases stretching
path of a positive feedback loop with childbirth example
100
fluid inside of the cells - also known as cytoplasm
intracellular fluid
101
lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, diaphragm exchange gas between the body and the environment, disposes of CO2 waste
respiratory system
102
contains the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
abdominolpelvic cavity
103
a cavity that contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of the large intestine
abdominal cavity
104
lymph, vessels that carry lymph, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils filters body fluids and defends the body from invaders
lymphatic system
105
gonads, organs, and glands that support copulation and reproduction produces gametes, enables copulation, and in females, house and nourishes young
reproductive system
106
laying face up
supine position
107
a cavity formed by the vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves
vertebral cavity
108
heart, blood, vessels that carry blood transport blood, nutrients, and gases throughout the body
cardiovascular system
109
xray for reverse, what could an xray be used to find?
what imaging technique would be useful for a suspected bone fracture?
110
disorders with characteristic signs and symbols linked to a cause
disease are:
111
thoracic cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity for reverse question, what is the bigger group name for these cavities?
ventral cavity
112
plane that divides your body in anterior and posterior halves
coronal plane
113
epithelial connective muscle neural
types of tissues
114
midclavicular lines create columns subcostal (above line) and transtubercular (below line) create rows for reverse question, what do these lines make up
abdominopelvic terms/divisions (how are they divided)
115
disease, illness, move away from homeostasis
when something about the body is disregulated:
116
visceral peritoneum - lines viscera parietal peritoneum - lines abdominal cavity walls including inferior side of diaphragm
peritoneum parts (linings)
117
positive - rare, enhance initial chance example - childbirth, oxytocin is release when the cervix is stretched causing myometrium to contract more and more forcefully until baby comes out and cycle is interrupted negative - common, reverses initial change example - if heart rate is high, heart pumps less quickly, dilate vessels to decrease pressure
feedback loops - positive and negative
118
from top to bottom: right/left hypochondriac regions + epigastric region R/L lumbar regions + umbilical region R/L inguinal regions + hypogastric region
abdominopevlic regions (9)
119
PET, MRI, CT for reverse, what could these three imaging techniques find?
what imaging technique could be used to find a kidney tumour?
120
the cells and glands that secrete hormones senses signals and coordinates chemical responses
endocrine system
121
high energy electromagnetic radiation cannot pass through bone (appears white) passes through tissue (appears dark) can use a contrast medium to visualize organs good for broken bones
x ray facts (5)
122
comes together to form tissue
extracellular fluid + cells
123
kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra removes nitrogenous waste and maintains pH of the body
urinary system
124
plane that divides your body in UNEQUAL left and right sides
paramedian plane / parasagittal plane
125
changes in body functions that are felt or reported (subjective)
symtoms
126
stimulus - high BP receptors - baroreceptors in vessels detect change control center - nerve impulses effectors - slow heart contractions, dilate vessles net response - decreased BP return to homeostasis - when loop has brought BP to normal
path of a negative feedback loop with blood pressure example
127
plane that divides your body into superior and inferior halves (do not have to be equal)
transverse plane
128
the dynamic upkeep of a set of internal conditions within set parameters
homeostasis
129
facing forward, palms facing forward
anatomical position
130
laying face down
prone position
131
bones, joints, cartilage protects internal organs and supports body tissues and movement
skeletal system
132
integumentary muscular skeletal lymphatic respiratory digestive cardiovascular nervous endocrine urinary reproductive
11 human organ systems
133
x rays that are set form multiple angles around a body section creates a transverse section scan provided better resolution than xray looks for internal damage
Computed tomography (CT scan) facts (4)
134
cameras sent inside the body to view looks for functional or structural abnormalities
endoscopy (2)
135
they are a group of related organs with similar functions that work together to preform function they are interdependent - they cannot function without other organ systems
facts about organ systems in general (2)
136
peritoneum - contains all abdominal cavity organs - lining of the abdominal cavity retroperitoneum - contains kidneys, parts of large intestine, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, parts of the aorta, inferior vena cava - behind peritoneum these two compartments are separated by serous membranes
peritoneum subgroups (parietal)
137
skin, nails, hair, associated glands cover and protect the body
integumentary system
138
abnormal body function for reverse question, abnormal body function leads to?
disorders result from:
139
PET, MRI
what imaging technique could be used to find a subdural hematoma (bleeding in the brain)?
140
right upper quadrant right lower quadrant left upper quadrant left lower quadrant
abdominopelvic regions (4)
141
plane that divides your body along the midline
median plane / sagittal plane
142
magnets rearrange protons in cellular molecules create a pattern of ions can look at soft tissue good for finding tumours and blood clots
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) facts (4)
143
fluid found outside of cells
extracellular fluid
144
central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs. contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels contains all organs in thoracic cavity EXCEPT the lungs
mediastinum

Biol 1190 (31 decks)

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