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Biol 1190 > lecture 9 > Flashcards

lecture 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

arthroses

A

sites of contact between bones

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2
Q

arthrology

A

study of joints

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3
Q

3 classifications of joints

A

synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous

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4
Q

fibrous joint (AC?, CT?)

A

no AC, dense irregular CT

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5
Q

cartilaginous joint (AC?, CT)

A

no AC, cartilage

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6
Q

synovial joint (AC?, CT?)

A

has an AC, dense irregular CT

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7
Q

fibrous joints facts (3)

A
  • generally immobile
  • 2 types (sutures, syndemoses)
  • dense irregular
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8
Q

examples of fibrous joints

A

sutures - coronal suture
syndesmoses - cone shaped joint for teeth (gomphosis)

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9
Q

sutures become synarthroses, what are these?

A

connective tissue that has been ossified (ossified suture)

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10
Q

syndesmoses

A

thick and long strip of dense irregular CT
(eg, interosseous membrane/ligaments)

gomphosis - cone shaped joint between teeth and mandible/maxilla

slightly mobile (more that sutures)

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11
Q

gomphosis

A

type of syndesmoses

cone shaped joint between teeth and mandible/maxilla

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12
Q

cartilaginous joints facts

A

bones joined by cartilage
no articular cavity
2 types (synchondroses, symphyses)

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13
Q

synchondroses

A

connects bone with hyaline or fibrocartilage
(eg. sternocostal cartilage between ribs)

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14
Q

epiphyseal cartilage (what is it made of)

A

hyaline cartilage permitting bone growth

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15
Q

symphyses (what is under fibrocartilage at the joint?)

A

held by fibrocartilage
bone still covered in hyaline cartilage at articular surfaces
(eg. pubic symphysis)

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16
Q

synovial joints facts (3)
(last one, waht are teh covered in?)

A
  • distinguished by presence of articular cavity between bones
  • bones covered in articular cartilage
  • freely movable
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17
Q

articular cavity

A

only found in synovial joints
bounded by articular capsule
secretes lubricating fluid (synovial fluid)
has fibrous layer

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18
Q

articular capsule

A

bounds articular cavity
2 layers (fibrous layer, synovial membrane)

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19
Q

fibrous layer of articular capsule
(what is it made of)

A

dense irregular CT
attaches to periosteum
forms ligaments and some joints

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20
Q

synovial membrane of articular capsule
(what is it made of and what does it do)

A

areolar CT
secretes synovial fluid

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21
Q

what does synovial fluid do?
(what it nourishes, contains, and does)

A

nourishes chondrocytes, contains O2 and contains immune cells, reduces friction, absorbs shock

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22
Q

other components of synovial joints (2)

A

accessory ligaments - provide extra support
(eg. contralateral ligament of the knee)

articular discs / minisci - fibrocariilage padding to the inside surface of the capsule, absorbs shock

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23
Q

bursae

A

reduce friction between moving structures
have fibrous capsule and synovial membrane

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24
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursae

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25
tendons sheaths
tube shaped bursae
26
only freely movable joints
synovial joints
27
4 categories of movement
gliding angular movement rotation special
28
gliding movement
bones that slide back/forth + side/side no change in angel between articulating bones (Eg. intercarpal joints)
29
angular movement
increase/decrease angles between articulating bones includes: flexion, extension, etc
30
flexion
decrease in angle between articulating bones
31
extension
increase in angle between articulating bones
32
lateral flexion
decrease in angle between bones in the coronal plane
33
abduction
movement of bone away from midline
34
adduction
movement of bone toward midline
35
circumduction
movement around of joint to move the distal part of a limb in a circle combined flexion extension abduction and adduction
36
hyperextention
extension of a joint beyond anatomical position (eg. tilting the neck back)
37
rotation
turning of a bone along longitudinal axis can be medial or lateral in limbs
38
special movements (joints + meaning)
unique to specific joints mandible: elevated - moved upward depressed - moved downward protracted - moved forward retracted - moved backward hands/feet: dorsiflexion - bending toward shin plantar flexion - pointing toes inversion - turning sole to midline eversion - turning sole away from midline supination - turning palm to the sky pronation - turning palm to floor opposition - movement of pollex to touch the other fingers
39
6 types of synovial joints
plane hinge pivot condyloid saddle ball and socket
40
plane joint
permits gliding biaxial movement (ex. intercarpal/tarsal joints)
41
hinge joint
permits flexion/extension uniaxial movement usually one bone is fixed and the other moves (eg, knee joint, elbow joint)
42
pivot joints
uniaxial movement rounded surface of bone fitted to a ring of a ligament or other bone (Eg, radioulnar joint, atlanto-axial joint0
43
condyloid joint
aka ellipsoid joints permits biaxial movement flex/extend/ad/adduction/circumduction (eg, radiocarpal joint)
44
saddle joint
one bone looks like a saddle/ the other a rider biaxial movement flex/ex/ad/ab/circ (eg, carpometacarpal joint between trapezium and pollex)
45
ball / socket joint
ball shaped projection fits into cup depression triaxial movement flex/ex/ab/ad/circ/rotation (eg, shoulder, hip joint)
46
which joint permits the greatest mobility
ball and socket joint
47
temporomandibular joint (combo of ...)
only free movable joint in skull combination of hinge and plane joint
48
special joints
temporomandiublar joint glenohumeral joint elbow joint coxal/hip joint knee joint
49
temporomandibular joint
- special joint - only free movable joint in the skull - combination of hinge and plane joint - has meniscus that divides synovial cavity into superior and inferior portions
50
superior portion of mandibular meniscus
permits slight rotation, lateral, displacement, protraction and retraction top half of synovial cavity divided by articular disc
51
inferior portion of mandibular meniscus
permits depression and elevation bottom half of synovial cavity divided by articular disc
52
glenohumeral joint
- ball and socket - thin/loose articular capsule, important for ROM - glenoid labrum - fibro rim of glenoid cavity, increases surface area with humerus - bursae - 4 pads to absorb shock and reduce friction
53
elbow joint
known as a modified hinge joint (distal end of humerus + ulna, includes pivot joint) - collateral ligaments - extras that form strong connections between humerus + R and U - anular ligament - ring like ligament that holds radial head to radial notch of ulna - bursa at olecranon
54
coxal joint
ball and socket - very stable due to # and arrangement of ligaments - thick articular capsule - acetabular labrum - fibro lip that prevents dislocation of femur - lots of extra ligaments - limits ROM but more stable
55
knee joint
modified hinge (3 joints in one synovial cavity) - lateral and medial joint - tibia and fibula - anterior patellafemoral joint - no articular capsule - muscle tendons serve same function - cruciate ligaments - X ligaments - collateral ligaments - side ligaments - 2 menisci - few bursae - infrapatellar bursa
56
glenoid labrum
fibrocartilage lip of the glenoid cavity that increases surface area in contact with humeral head
57
collateral ligaments
accessory ligaments that form strong connections between humerus radius or ulna run alongside the joint, elbow and knee mainly
58
anular ligament
ring like ligament that holds radial head to radial notch of ulna, part of the pivot joint
59
acetabular labrum
fibrocartilage lip of the acetabulum that prevents displacement of femoral head
60
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament "front and centre" ligament
61
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament behind ACL
62
arthritis
- osteoarthritis - progressive loss. of articular cartilage - results in increased friction between bones
63
sprains
forceful stretching or tearing of ligament - no bone dislocation
64
strains
partially torn or stretched muscle or tendon PRICE treatment - protection rest ice compression elevation
65
synostosis vs synarthrosis
synostosis - a type of synarthrosis, an ossified bone or suture synarthrosis - any immobile/immovable joint
66
opposition
ability to touch fingers with pollex
67
what group of joints do sydesmoses belong to
fibrous
68
what group of joints do sutures belong to
fibrous
69
what group of joints do synchondroses belong to
cartilagenous
70
what group of joints do gomphoses belong to
fibrous
71
what group of joints do symphyses belong to
cartilagenous
72
example of synchondrosis
first sternocostal joint between first rib and sternum

Biol 1190 (31 decks)

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