lecture 7

Question 1

axial skeleton number of bones

Answer 1

80

Question 2

axial skeleton components

Answer 2

facial, cranial, thoracic cage, vertebral column

Question 3

appendicular skeleton number of bones

Answer 3

126

Question 4

appendicular skeleton components

Answer 4

bones of the limbs, girdles that attach limbs to axial skeleton

Question 5

the skeletal systems is _________ of the muscular system

Answer 5

interdependent, the musculoskeletal system

Question 6

5 types of bones

Answer 6

long bones
short bones
flat bones
sesamoid bones
irregular bones

Question 7

long bones

Answer 7

longer than they are wide
curves to absorb shock
compact in diaphysis, spongy in epiphysis
ex. humerous

Question 8

short bones

Answer 8

nearly long as they are wide
mostly spongy bone tissue surrounded by a thin layer of compact
ex. scaphoid

Question 9

flat bones

Answer 9

thin plates of compact bone
contain spongy bone interiors
ex. sternum

Question 10

sesamoid bones

Answer 10

thin small bones that develop in areas in high mechanical stress, protect tendons
ex. patella

Question 11

irregular bones

Answer 11

may be irregularly shaped of distributed
ex. vertebrae

Question 12

two major types of surface markings

Answer 12

depressions and openings

processes, projections, or outgrowths

Question 13

depressions and openings

Answer 13

foramina, fossae, meati

Question 14

processes projections and attachments

Answer 14

condyles, facets, heads, crests, processes

Question 15

functions of the skull (4)

Answer 15

protect brain
serve as points of attachment for facial muscles
forms portions of orbits, nasal, oral cavities
includes auditory ossicles

Question 16

number of bones in the skull

Answer 16

22

Question 17

supraorbital foramen

Answer 17

above the eye on frontal bone, provides passage for supraorbital artery and nerve

Question 18

crista galli

Answer 18

triangular process at the top of the ethmoid, membrane that separates brain halves attaches here

Question 19

cribriform plate

Answer 19

on ethmoid, contains olfactory foramina, provides passage for sensory structures

Question 20

perpendicular plate

Answer 20

on ethmoid, above vomer, forms superior part of nasal septum

Question 21

optic foramen

Answer 21

on sphenoid, allows passage of optic artery and nerve

Question 22

zygomatic arch

Answer 22

formed by zygomatic and temporal bone, ‘cheek bones”

Question 23

mandibular fossa

Answer 23

forms a cavity that accommodates the mandibular condyle

Question 24

styloid process

Answer 24

on temporal, point of attachment for neck and tongue muscles

Question 25

mastoid process

Answer 25

on temporal, point of attachment for neck muscles

Question 26

external auditory meatus

Answer 26

on temporal, forms ear canal

Question 27

auditory ossicles in order

Answer 27

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 28

occipital condyles

Answer 28

on occipital, forms joints with atlas

Question 29

foramen magnum

Answer 29

on occipital, provides passage for spinal cord to the brain

Question 30

condylar process

Answer 30

on mandible, articulates with mandibular fossa

Question 31

infraorbital foramen

Answer 31

on maxillae, provides passage for infraorbital blood vessels and nerves

Question 32

palatine process

Answer 32

on maxillae, forms most of the hard palate

Question 33

vomer

Answer 33

form inferior portion of nasal septum

Question 34

inferior nasal conchae

Answer 34

form lateral walls of nasal cavity, swirl air around to trap invaders

Question 35

8 cranial bones

Answer 35

occipital, frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid

Question 36

14 facial bones

Answer 36

nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxillae, palatine, mandible, inferior nasal conchae, vomer

Question 37

bones that form the orbits (7)

Answer 37

frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxillae, palatine

Question 38

fontanels

Answer 38

soft, un ossified portions of the skull at birth made make of mesenchymal tissue, and becomes dense connective CT

Question 39

function of fontanels

Answer 39

allow brain growth, facilitate passage of newborns head through birth canal

Question 40

4 sinuses

Answer 40

ethmoidal, sphenoidal, frontal, maxillary

Question 41

what forms adams apple

Answer 41

thyroid cartilage

Question 42

4 curves of the spine

Answer 42

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Question 43

curve of the cervical vertebrae is acquired after:

Answer 43

learning to hold you head up

Question 44

curve of the lumbar vertebrae is acquired after:

Answer 44

learning to walk

Question 45

intervertebral discs are made of:

Answer 45

fibrocartilage

Question 46

body of vertebrae

Answer 46

bears weight, contains nutrient foramina

Question 47

vertebral foramen

Answer 47

provides passage for the spinal cord

Question 48

superior articular process

Answer 48

articulates with inferior articular process of the vertebrae above

Question 49

cervical vertebrae

Answer 49

1-7 have C for cervical are bifid, have transverse foramen that provide passage for vertebral artery

Question 50

atlas

Answer 50

has no body or spinous process has large vertebrae foramen c1

Question 51

axis

Answer 51

has large superior projection called the dens forms atlanto axial joint

Question 52

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 52

has T for thoracic 1-12 (8-20) have larges transverse processes for the ribs have demifacets

Question 53

anatomy of a rib

Answer 53

head - articulates with demifacets neck - narrowed region adjacent to head tubercle - posterior lateral projection that articulates with facets on transverse process of vertebrae

Question 54

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 54

1-5 (21-26) has L for lumbar short and thick spinous processes as attachment point for back muscles

Question 55

sacrum

Answer 55

5 fused vertebrae articulates with pelvic girdle at sacroiliac joints

Question 56

sacral hiatus

Answer 56

inferior opening

Question 57

coccyx

Answer 57

tailbone 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae numbered Co1-Co4

Question 58

sternum parts

Answer 58

manubrium body xiphoid process

Question 59

notches in sternum

Answer 59

suprasternal /jugular - medial clavicular notches - sides of medial

Question 60

true ribs

Answer 60

first 7 ribs articular with vertebrae and sternum

Question 61

false ribs

Answer 61

5 ribs that do not articulate with sternum

Question 62

costal cartilage is made of;

Answer 62

hyaline cartilage

Question 63

floating ribs

Answer 63

do not articulate with any bones anteriorly

Question 64

scoliosis

Answer 64

lateral bending of the vertebral column