Laboratory

Question 0

Examples of direct exam

Answer 0

LAVE
light microscopy
Ag detection
Viral genome detection
Electron microscopy

Question 1

Diagnostic methods in virology

Answer 1

Direct
Indirect
Serology

Question 2

Examples of indirect examination (3)

Answer 2

Cell culture
Eggs
Animals

Question 3

Growing virus may produce?

Answer 3

Cytopathic effect

Hemadaorption

Question 4

Termed as ballooning of cells or syncytia formation, may be non specific or specific

Answer 4

Cytopathic effect

Question 5

Examples that give CPE

Answer 5

Ballooning:
Enterovirus 71
HsV
Syncytia:
RSV
Measles

Question 6

Cells acquire the ability to stick to mammalian RBCs

Answer 6

Hemadsorption

Question 7

In cell cultures, confirmation pf the identity of the virus may be acrried out using..

Answer 7

Neutralization
Hemadsorption-inhibition
IF tests

Question 8

3 types of cell culture

Answer 8

Primary
Semi continuous
Continuous

Question 9

Human embryonic kidney?
Monkey kidney?
HeLa?
Vero?
Skin fibroblast?

Answer 9

Semi
Primary
Cont
Cont
Semi

Question 10

Most easy to handle but the range pf viruses suported is often limited

Answer 10

Continuous

Question 11

Readily isolated by cell culture (9)

Answer 11

RICE PA MCH!!

Rsv
InfluenZa
Cmv
Echo
ParainfluenZa
Adeno
Mumps
Cox b
Hsv

Question 12

Rapid culture how many days?

Answer 12

2-4 days

Question 13

Explain CMV Deaff test

Answer 13

Cell grown in cover slips; spun for 1 hr; incubated for 2-4days; examined by IF

Question 14

Cannot be grown in cell culture

Answer 14

Diarrheal viruses
Parvo
HPV
hepB

Question 15

How many virus particles to be visualized in EM

Answer 15

10^6

Question 16

Which specimens may virus be detects by EM?

Answer 16

Feces
Vesicle fluid
Skin scrapings

Question 17

Feces?

Answer 17

Diarrheal: rota, adeno, calici, norwalk, astro

Question 18

The specificity and sensitivity of em may be enhanced by

Answer 18

Immune electron microscopy

Question 19

2 variants of immune em

Answer 19

Classic

Solid phase

Question 20

Sample is treated with specific antisera before being put up for em

Answer 20

Classical

Question 21

Grid is coated with antisera

Answer 21

Solid phase

Question 22

Problems with em

Answer 22

Expensive
Experience
Low sensitivity

Question 23

Detection of rising titers bet acute and convalescent stages or igM detection

Answer 23

Serology

Question 24

Newer serology techniques?

Answer 24

Radio immunoassay Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Particle agglutination Western blot

Question 25

Criteria for diagnosing primary infection (4)

Answer 25

4 fold increase in igG Presence of igm Seroconversion Single high titer of igG

Question 26

Criteria for reinfection?

Answer 26

Absence of slight increase in IgM

Question 27

Viruses that produce clinical disease before appearance of antibodies

Answer 27

Respiratory | Diarrheal virus

Question 28

Virus which produce clinical disease months or years after seroconversion

Answer 28

Hiv and rabies

Question 29

Parts of a western blot

Answer 29

Lane 1 and 2 | Sample a,b,c

Question 30

Lane 1?

Answer 30

Positive control

Question 31

Lane 2?

Answer 31

Negative control

Question 32

Sample c?

Answer 32

Positive

Question 33

Consists of 2 rows in which 4 fold increase is aignificant and indicates recent infection

Answer 33

Complement fixation

Question 34

Used mainly for hsv and vzv encephalitis

Answer 34

Csf antibodies

Question 35

Indicative of meningitis

Answer 35

Csf/serum > 1/100

Question 36

Rapid diagnosis in blood

Answer 36

Cmv (pp65 antigenemia test)

Question 37

Problems of IF

Answer 37

Reduced sensitivity and specificity compared to cell culture; Expensive in terms of lab time

Question 38

Nethods based on detection of viral genome

Answer 38

Molecular method

Question 39

Examples of classical molecular method

Answer 39

Dot blot Southern blot In situ hybrid

Question 40

Temps in pcr?

Answer 40

DenaturAtion - 94c Annealing - 50 Extension - 72

Question 41

Cycles of pcr?

Answer 41

25-40

Question 42

Identificatin of pcr product by?

Answer 42

AGE HYBRIDIZATION rest enzyme analysis Dna sequencing

Question 43

In PCR, Each cycle _____ the copy number of target

Answer 43

Doubles

Question 44

Linear amplification what method?

Answer 44

Branched dna

Question 45

Promising technology that detects large number of virus, pathogenic potential, drug sensitivity at the same time

Answer 45

DNA chip

Question 46

Techniques with target amplification?

Answer 46

Pcr Nasba Tma

Question 47

Techniques that have Signal ampli?

Answer 47

Lcr | Qb replicase

Question 48

Monoclonal antibody labeled

Answer 48

Dfa (30-45)