Larynx

Question 1

What is the laryngopharynx?

Answer 1

The region of the pharynx from the epiglottis to the oesophagus

Question 2

Where is the larynx?

Answer 2

Anterior to the laryngopharynx Between the carotid sheath structures

Question 3

At which vertebral level is the larynx?

Answer 3

Between C4 and C6

Question 4

At which vertebral level is the hyoid bone?

Answer 4

C3

Question 5

At which level does the larynx become the trachea?

Answer 5

C6

Question 6

What are the features of the skeleton of the larynx?

Answer 6

Epiglottis (elastic) Thyroid cartilage (hyaline) Cricoid cartilage (hyaline) 2x arytenoid cartilage (hyaline)

Question 7

Which part of the skeleton of the larynx is the only complete ring?

Answer 7

The thin arch of the cricoid cartilage

Question 8

What structure completes the posterior wall of the trachea?

Answer 8

Skeletal muscle - trachealis

Question 9

What is the name of the membrane between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 9

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 10

What is the name of the membrane between the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage and what is it’s clinical significance?

Answer 10

Cricothyroid membrane Access point for cricothyroid puncture in an emergency

Question 11

Which structure is being indicated here?

Answer 11

Thyroid cartilidge

Question 12

Which structure is being shown here?

Answer 12

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 13

Which structure is being shown here?

Answer 13

Right carotid sheath

Question 14

Which structure is being shown here?

Answer 14

Laryngeal inlet

Question 15

Which structure is being shown here?

Answer 15

Vallecula

Question 16

Which kind of epithelium lines the larynx?

Answer 16

Respiratory mucosa

(Apart from the vocal chords)

Question 17

Which kind of epithelium lines the vocal chords?

Answer 17

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 18

Which stuctures are being indicated here?

Answer 18

Vestibular folds

Question 19

Which structures are being indicated here?

Answer 19

Vocal folds

Question 20

What is the mucosal sensory nerve supply to the larynx superior to the vocal folds?

Answer 20

Superior laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve

Question 21

What is the mucosal sensory nerve supply to the larnyx including and inferior to the vocal folds?

Answer 21

Recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve

Question 22

Which structures are being indicated here and which nerve is this?

Answer 22

Vagus nerve

Question 23

Which structure is being indicated here?

Answer 23

Vocal ligaments

Question 24

Which structures are the vocal ligaments attached to?

Answer 24

Midline of the thyroid cartilage

Vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages

Question 25

What movement affects the tension of the vocal ligaments?

Answer 25

The tilt of the cricoid cartilage

Question 26

Which movement affects the gap between the vocal ligaments?

Answer 26

The rotation of the arytenoid cartilage

Question 27

What is the narrowest point of the larynx?

Answer 27

Rima glottidis

Question 28

What happens to the rima glottidis when speaking?

Answer 28

Narrows to a slit

Question 29

What shape is the rima glottidis during quiet breathing?

Answer 29

Diamond shaped

Question 30

Which structure is being shown here?

Answer 30

Cricothyroid muscle

Question 31

Which movement does the cricothyroid muscle allow?

Answer 31

Pulls the arch of the cricoid cartilage upwards

Question 32

What effect does contraction of the cricothyroid muscle have on the vocal chords?

Answer 32

Pushes the arytenoid cartilages backwards, making the vocal chords longer and tighter, narrowing the rima glottidis

Question 33

What movement does the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle allow?

Answer 33

Rotation of the arytenoid cartilage, widening the vocal opening

Question 34

What movement does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle allow?

Answer 34

Pulls the arytenoid cartilage anteriorly and laterally, pulling the vocal chords towards the midline

Question 35

Which two muscles act to shorten and narrow the vocal opening?

Answer 35

Thyroarytenoid Transverse arytenoid

Question 36

Which muscle is being shown here?

Answer 36

Thyroarytenoid

Question 37

Which muscle is being shown here?

Answer 37

Transverse arytenoid