Nose and sinuses

Question 1

What is the midline structure in yellow in this picture?

Answer 1

Crista galli of the ethmoid bone

Question 2

What is the name of the pale yellow bones in this image?

Answer 2

Frontal bones

Question 3

What is the name of the pink bones in this image?

Answer 3

Sphenoid bone

Question 4

What is the name of the orange bones in this image?

Answer 4

Temporal bones

Question 5

What is the name of the bone shown in green here?

Answer 5

Ethmoid bone

Question 6

Which bone are the superior and middle conchae formed from?

Answer 6

Ethmoid bone

Question 7

Which bone is a posterior continuation of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 7

Vomer

Question 8

Which two structures form the bony part of the nasal septum/medial wall?

Answer 8

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Vomer

Question 9

Which Le Fort fracture is shown here?

Answer 9

Le Fort 1

Question 10

Which Le Fort fracture is shown here?

Answer 10

Le Fort 2

Question 11

Which Le Fort fracture is shown here?

Answer 11

Le Fort 3

Question 12

Why must a septal haematoma be incised and drained?

Answer 12

To prevent avascular necrosis of the hyaline cartilidge which depends on the mucosa for diffusion of nutrients

Question 13

Which kind of epithelium lines each of these areas?

Answer 13

Question 14

Which structure is being indicated here?

Answer 14

Soft palate

Question 15

Which structure is being indicated here?

Answer 15

Epiglottis

Question 16

Which bony structure is being indicated here?

Answer 16

Cribiform plate

Question 17

Which bony structure is being indicated here?

Answer 17

Inferior concha

Question 18

Which bony structure is being indicated here?

Answer 18

Middle concha

Question 19

Which bony structure is being indicated here?

Answer 19

Superior concha

Question 20

Which hollow space is being indicated here?

Answer 20

Maxillary antrum

Question 21

Which bone is forming this part of the nasal septum?

Answer 21

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 22

Which bone is forming this part of the nasal septum?

Answer 22

Vomer

Question 23

Which bone is forming this part of the nasal septum?

Answer 23

Palatine bone

Question 24

What is the name of this bony projection?

Answer 24

Christa galli

Question 25

Which bone forms this part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 25

Maxilla

Question 26

Which bone is forming this part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and what two bony structures is it forming?

Answer 26

Ethmoid bone Superior and middle conchae

Question 27

Which nerve provides the special sense of smell?

Answer 27

CN I, olfactory nerve

Question 28

Which structures are being indicated here and how does their structure affect their function?

Answer 28

Olfactory nerve function is to provide special sense of smell Olfactory sensor cells have penetrated the cribiform plate to detect smell in the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity

Question 29

Which structure is being indicated here?

Answer 29

Olfactory bulb

Question 30

What is the sensory supply to the nasal cavity?

Answer 30

The maxillary nerve CNV1 anterosuperiorly CNV2 posteroinferiorly

Question 31

What is the aterial supply to the nasal cavity?

Answer 31

Nasal branches of the opthalmic artery - this is a branch of the internal carotid Nasal branch of facial artery Nasal branches of maxillary artery - these are branches of the external carotid

Question 32

What is Keisselbach's or Little's area?

Answer 32

An aterial anastamoses on the nasal septum that is a common site for nosebleeds

Question 33

Which structures are being indicated here?

Answer 33

Question 34

Which structure is being indicated here?

Answer 34

Sphenoid sinus

Question 35

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 35

Air-filled spaces within the major bones surrounding the nasal cavities

Question 36

What kind of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 36

Mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa

Question 37

What are ostia and where are they located?

Answer 37

Located in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity Allow drainage of the paranasal sinuses into the meatus/recesses of the nasal cavity

Question 38

Where does mucous from the sphenoidal sinus drain?

Answer 38

Anteriorly into the sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 39

Where does mucous from the ethmoida sinuses drain?

Answer 39

Superior and middle meatuses

Question 40

Where does mucous from the frontal sinus drain into?

Answer 40

The middle meatus

Question 41

Where does mucous from the antrum drain into?

Answer 41

The middle meatus

Question 42

Which structure drains into the inferior meatus?

Answer 42

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 43

What is the nasolacrimal duct?

Answer 43

A soft tissue tube in a bony canal of the maxilla that drains tears continuously from the medial side of the eye into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

Question 44

What is sinusitis?

Answer 44

Inflammation of the mucous of the paranasal sinuses

Question 45

Why are the maxillary antra particularly susceptible to sinusitis?

Answer 45

The ostia are located superiorly, so mucous has to drain against gravity The roots of the upper teeth can spread infection from a dental abscess to the maxillary sinus

Question 46

What may predispose to sinusitis if formed after extraction of a tooth?

Answer 46

Oro-antral fistula

Question 47

How might maxillary sinusitis present and why?

Answer 47

Toothache Referred pain - maxilla, mandible, antral mucosa and the teeth all supplied by CN V

Question 48

Which structure is being indicated here?

Answer 48

The opening of the eustachian tube into the nasopharynx