Ear

Question 1

What is the pterion?

Answer 1

H-shaped suture on the lateral aspect of the skull

Question 2

Which bone contains the organs of hearing and balance?

Answer 2

Temporal bone

Question 3

Which structures does the petrous part of the temporal bone contain?

Answer 3

The organs of hearing and balance

The facial nerve (CN VII)

The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 4

What forms the skeleton of the external ear?

Answer 4

Temporal bone and elastic cartilidge

Question 5

What is the function of the external ear?

Answer 5

Collect and convey soundwaves to the tympanic membrane

Question 6

What does the middle ear consist of?

Answer 6

Tympanic membrane to oval window

Includes the Eustachian tube

Question 7

What is the function of the middle ear?

Answer 7

Amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear

Question 8

What is the function of the internal ear?

Answer 8

Converts special sensory information on sound/balance into fluid waves then into action potentials and conducts the action potentials towards the brainstem

Question 9

What is the ear canal lined with?

Answer 9

Ceruminous glands that produce ear wax

Question 10

Which bony structures are being indicated here?

Answer 10

Question 11

Which nerve gives general sensory supply to the inferior parts of the EAM and the tympanic membrane?

Answer 11

Vagus nerve

Question 12

Which nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the superior part of the EAM and most of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 12

CN V3

Question 13

What is the general sensory nerve supply of most of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 13

CN V3 (mandibular nerve)

Question 14

Which nerves supply general sensation to most of the auricle?

Answer 14

Spinal nerve C2, 3

Question 15

What is the name of the group of pre-auricular lymph nodes?

Answer 15

Parotid nodes

Question 16

What is the name of the group of post-auricular lymph nodes?

Answer 16

Mastoid nodes

(behind the ear)

Question 17

Where do the parotid and the mastoid lymph nodes drain into?

Answer 17

Deep cervical chain lymph nodes

Lymphatic duct/thoracic duct

Venous angle

Question 18

What is the umbo?

Answer 18

The most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane

Question 19

What is the pars flaccida?

Answer 19

The thin part of the tympanic membrane that lies superiorly

Question 20

What is the pars tensa?

Answer 20

The thick part part of the tympanic membrane that lies posteroinferiorly

Question 21

Which middle ear structure can be seen through the tympanic membrane here?

Answer 21

Handle of the malleus

Question 22

What is the structure being indicated here?

Answer 22

Umbo

Question 23

The opening into which tube is being shown here?

Answer 23

Eustachian tube

Question 24

What is the shared general sensory nerve supply to the eustachian tube, tonsils, middle ear cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx?

Answer 24

CN IX

Question 25

What is the eustachian tube?

Answer 25

A tube that connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Question 26

Which cavities are being shown here?

Answer 26

Question 27

Which part of which middle ear bone inserts into the oval window?

Answer 27

Footplate/base of the stapes

Question 28

What are the middle ear bones?

Answer 28

Stapes Incus Malleus

Question 29

What kind of joints are between the middle ear bones?

Answer 29

Synovial joints

Question 30

What is the promontry?

Answer 30

A bony swelling on the medial wall of the middle ear caused by the cochlea of the internal ear

Question 31

What structure is being outlined here that lies deep to the bone?

Answer 31

Facial canal

Question 32

Where is this arrow pointing?

Answer 32

Into the aditus

Question 33

What can cause mastoiditis?

Answer 33

Spread of infection from the middle ear cavity via the aditus

Question 34

What the smallest muscle in the body and what is it's function?

Answer 34

Stapedius Reduces movement of the stapes to protect inner ear from excessive noise

Question 35

Which ossicle is this?

Answer 35

Incus

Question 36

Which bone is this?

Answer 36

Incus

Question 37

Which bone is this?

Answer 37

Malleus

Question 38

Which nerve supplies the stapedius?

Answer 38

Facial nerve CN VII

Question 39

What is the action of the tensor tympani muscle?

Answer 39

Pulls on the mandle of the malleus to tense the tympanic membrane

Question 40

Which nerve supplies the tensor tympani?

Answer 40

CN V3

Question 41

Which cranial nerve is the chorda tympani a branch of?

Answer 41

Facial nerve

Question 42

What are the three parts of the bony labrinth?

Answer 42

Cochlea Vestibule Semicircular canals

Question 43

What is the fluid that fills the bony labrinth?

Answer 43

Perilymph

Question 44

Which structure can be found floating in the perilymph of the bony labrinth?

Answer 44

Membranous labrinth

Question 45

What is the fluid that fills the membranous labrinth?

Answer 45

Endolymph