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Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five named nerves in the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous

Axillary

Radial

Median

Ulnar

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2
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior arm?

A

Musculucutaneous

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3
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscle of the posterior arm?

A

Radial

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4
Q

Which nerve supplies the majority of muscles in the anterior forearm and the thumb?

A

Median

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5
Q

Which muscles does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid Teres minor

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6
Q

What bony structure does the ulnar nerve pass posterior to at the elbow?

A

Medial epicondyle

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7
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior arm and forearm?

A

Radial

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8
Q

What does the subclavian artery become as it travels distally in the upper limb?

A

Axillary, then brachial, then bifurcates to become the radial and ulnar arteries, which combine to form the palmar arches in the hand, and finally become digital arteries

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9
Q

What are end arteries?

A

E.g. digital arteries Arteries with no other anastomotic branches getting to the area which is being supplied

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10
Q

Where are superficial veins found?

A

In the superficial fascia

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11
Q

Where are the deep veins in the upper limb found?

A

In the compartments, deep to the deep fascia

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12
Q

What are the main two superficial veins in the upper limb which emerge from the dorsal venous network?

A

Cephalic vein

Basilic vein

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13
Q

Which superficial vein runs along the lateral aspect of the forearm?

A

Cephalic vein

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14
Q

Which superficial vein runs along the medial aspect of the forearm?

A

Basilic vein

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15
Q

What is the name of the vein that connects the cephalic vein and the basilic vein?

A

Median cubital vein

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16
Q

Which vein does the basilic vein drain into?

A

Axillary vein, which becomes subclavian vein

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17
Q

Which vein does the cephalic vein drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

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18
Q

What are the origins of the deltoid muscle?

A

Lateral third of the clavicle

Spine of the scapula

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19
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid muscle?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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20
Q

Which movement does the posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle bring about?

A

Extension of the shoulder

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21
Q

Which movement does the medial fibres of the deltoid muscle bring about?

A

Abduction of the shoulder

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22
Q

Which movement does the anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle bring about?

A

Flexion of the shoulder

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23
Q

Which muscles are involved in extension of the shoulder?

A

Triceps

Posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle

Latissmus dorsi

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24
Q

What muscles are within the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

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25
What are the attachments of the biceps brachii?
Glenoid fossa of the scapula Coracoid process of the scapula Distally, attaches to radial tuberosity and deep fascia of the forearm
26
Other than flexion, what movement does the biceps brachii bring about and how is this possible?
Supination, due to attachment to the radial tuberosity
27
Which muscle makes up the posterior compartment of the arm?
Triceps
28
What movements does the triceps allow?
Extension of the elbow Extension of the shoulder
29
What movements do the muscles of the anterior forearm allow?
Flexion of wrist Flexion of digits Wrist abduction and adduction Pronation of forearm
30
What is the action of the pronator teres?
Pronates forearm and flexes elbow
31
What are the attachments of the pronator teres?
Medial epicondyle Pronator tuberosity of radius
32
Which nerve innervates the pronator teres?
Median nerve
33
What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?
Flexes wrist and abducts hand
34
What are the attachments of the flexor carpi radialis?
Medial epicondyle Base of 2nd metacarpal
35
Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve
36
What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Flexes wrist and adducts hand
37
What are the attachments of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Medial epicondyle Pisiform and 5th metacarpal
38
Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar
39
Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?
Axillary
40
Which nerve innervates the teres minor?
Axillary
41
Which nerve innervates the subscapularis?
Upper & lower subscapular nerves
42
Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles?
Suprascapular nerve
43
Which nerve innervates the biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve
44
What is the common origin of all extensor muscles of the forearm?
Lateral epicondyle
45
What compartment is the extensor compartment of the forearm?
The dorsal compartment
46
What is the common origin of all flexor muscles of the forearm?
Medial epicondyle
47
What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
48
Where does the supraspinatus muscle originate and insert?
Supraspinous fossa Inserts to greater tuberosity of humerus
49
Which muscles does the suprascapular nerve supply?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus
50
What movement does the supraspinatus muscle allow?
Abduction of the arm
51
What movement does the infraspinatus muscle allow?
External rotation of the arm
52
Where does the infraspinatus muscle originate and insert?
Infraspinous fossa Inserts to greater tuberosity of humerus
53
Which nerve supplies the teres minor?
Axillary
54
What are the origins and insertions of the teres minor?
Dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus
55
What are the origins and insertions of the subscapularis muscle?
Subscapular fossa/anterior surface of scapula Lesser tuberosity of humerus/shoulder capsule
56
Which nerves innervate the subscapularis muscle?
Subscapular nerve (upper & lower)
57
Which ligaments hold the bones of the elbow joint together?
Medial collateral Lateral collateral Annular ligament
58
Where is the annular ligament located??
Around the radial head, holding it to the ulna
59
Where are the extrinsic muscles of the hand located?
In the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm
60
Which muscles are responsible for fine motor functions of the hand?
Intrinsic muscles
61
What are the names of the three thenar muscles?
Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Adbuctor pollicis brevis
62
Which nerve innervates the thenar muscles?
Median
63
What is the most lateral thenar muscle?
Opponens pollicis
64
What is the middle thenar muscle?
Abductor pollicis brevis
65
What are the two hypothenar muscles and what do they move?
Flexor digiti minimi brevis Abductor digiti minimi (main one) Moves the little finger
66
What movements do the interossei muscles allow?
Flexion of MCPJs Extension of IPJs Dorsal allow abduction at MCPJs Palmar adduct fingers at MCPJs
67
Which flexor tendon/extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers allows flexion at PIPJs?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
68
Which flexor tendon/extrinsic flexor muscle of fingers allows flexion at DIPJs?
Flexor digitoruim profundis
69
Which structure does the flexor tendons pass through to reach the fingers?
Carpal tunnel
70
How are the flexor tendons trained to phalanges/metacarpals?
Pulley systems
71
What are the two kinds of flexor pulley?
Annular ligaments Cruciate pulleys
72
What are the two most biomechanically important annular ligaments?
A2 & A4: critical to prevent bowstringing
73
Which pulley is most commonly involved in trigger finger?
A1
74
Which pulleys overlie the MP, PIP and DIP joints respectively?
A1, A3 & A5
75
What is the function of the cruciate pulleys?
To prevent sheath collapse and expansion during digital motion
76
What is the function of the palmar fascia?
Separates the palmar muscle bellies and flexor tendons from the skin
77
What is the brachial plexus?
A network of the ventral rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve roots (C5-C8, T1) It proceeds through the neck, the axilla, and into the arm These nerve roots form and give off the peripheral nerves that supply the upper arm, forearm and hand
78
How do the nerves of the brachial plexus divide from roots to each of the branches?
Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Branches
79
Which muscle of the shoulder is being indicated here?
Coracobrachialis
80
Which two ligaments make up this structure here on the lateral aspect of the elbow joint?
Radial collateral ligament Annular ligament
81
Which ligament at the elbow joint allows the radial head to rotate?
Annular ligament
82
Which three muscles flex the elbow?
Brachialis Biceps brachii Brachioradialis
83
Which muscle of the medial aspect of the elbow is being indicated here?
Pronator teres
84
Which two muscles produce pronation of the forearm?
Pronator teres Pronator quadratus
85
On which side of the elbow the common flexor origin found?
Medial
86
Which muscle of the anterior forearm is being indicated here? (Right arm)
Flexor carpi radialis
87
Which muscle of the anterior forearm is being indicated here? (Right arm)
Flexor carpi ulnaris
88
Which mucsle is being elevated here in the anterior forearm and where does it arise and insert?
Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle Palmar aponeurosis
89
Which muscle is being indicated here?
Biceps brachii
90
Which muscle of the anterior aspect of the elbow is being inidacted here?
Pronator teres
91
Which muscle at the lateral aspect of the elbow and forearm is being shown here?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
92
Which muscle on the lateral aspect of the elbow is being indicated here?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
93
Which structures are being indicated here? (Right arm)
1. Cephalic vein 2. Basilic vein
94
Which structure on the anterior aspect of the arm is being indicated here?
Median nerve
95
What is the nerve innervation of the trapezius?
Accessory nerve CN XI

Anatomy (22 decks)

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