Lecture 13 (3/12) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 13 (3/12) Deck (9)
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1
Q

Watershed Area

A

Areas of overlapping arteries in the brain

2
Q

Safety Systems

A

Anastomosis

Blood-brain-barrier

3
Q

Anastomosis

A

A functional adaptation that enables vital organs to be supplied with blood when an artery is blocked

Dependent on the connection of the blood vessels or arteries that make up the circle of Willis

A safety valve that is build into the system to prevent a catastrophe if an artery is blocked

Only works if the blockage occurs below the circle of Willis

4
Q

Blood-Brain-Barrier

A

The blood and CSF in the brain have a complex system by means of which the brain tissues don’t draw easily on them

Aka: Prevents toxins from being absorbed into the brain

5
Q

Arterial Occlusions

A

The amount of tissue affected by an arterial occlusion depends on the location of the occlusion and the type of artery

If the occlusion occurs in the trunk of an artery more tissues will be affected than if the occlusion occurs on the branch

6
Q

Occlusion to the Anterior Cerebral Artery

A

ACA supplies the medial portion of the brain

Damage here involves mainly the leg and foot

Damage here causes:
Contralateral hemiparesis
Hemisensory loss
Tactile Agnosia

7
Q

Occlusion to the Middle Cerebral Artery

A

MCA supplies the lateral portion of the brain

Damage here involves the arms and face

Damage here causes:
Hemiparesis (precentral gyrus)
Hemisensory loss (postcentral gyrus)
Aphasia
-occurs if the left hemisphere is affected
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
-blindness in the same half of the visual field in both eyes
Anosagnosia
-occurs if the right hemisphere is affected typically
-the patient is in denial of the problem

8
Q

Occlusion to the Posterior Cerebral Artery

A

PCA supplies the posterior portion of the brain

Damage here causes:
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
Visual agnosia
-perceptual deficit
Memory impairment
-due to involvement of the temporal lobe
9
Q

Occlusion to the Internal Carotid Artery

A

Damage here caused if BELOW the circle of Willis

May have partial or complete loss of sight

  • Depends on the degree of collateral anastomosis
  • -depends on the age of the patient
  • -cholesterol levels
  • -smoking