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Neuro > Lectures 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Lectures 4 & 5 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Occipital Lobe (Structural Overview)

A

Calcarine Sulcus
Lingual Gyrus
Primary Visual Cortex

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2
Q

Lingual Gyrus

A

Important for color perception

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3
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

Area above and below the Calcarine Sulcus

Responsible for visual functioning

This area receives half of the visual input from each eye

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4
Q

Motor vs. Sensory

A

Parts of the cortex are involved in either motor processing or sensory processing

There are some parts of the cortex that aren’t specifically sensory or motor processing
Called Association Areas

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5
Q

Association Areas

A

Parts of the cortex that aren’t specifically sensory or motor processing

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6
Q

Limbic Lobe (General Overview)

A

Can be seen with a midsaggital

A strip of cortex that lies between the corpus callosum and the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes

Generally, the limbic lobe is believed to be the center of emotions; emotional processing

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7
Q

Limbic Lobe (Structural Overview)

A 
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal Gyrus
Uncus
Cingulate Gyrus
Fornix
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8
Q

Hippocampus & Amygdala

A

Important for processing drives, emotions, and memory

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9
Q

Fornix

A

Near the front tip of the corpus callosum

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10
Q

Insula

A

Important for language communication

Patients with damage to the insula have been reported to have speech production problems such as apraxia of speech

Has both long and short gyro

Located near the transverse lateral gyri/Heschl’s gyri

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11
Q

Heschl’s Gyri

A

Involved in hearing

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12
Q

Secular Sulcus

A

The sulcus that surrounds the insula

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13
Q

Other divisions of the brain

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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14
Q

Forebrain

A

In a midsaggital view its the outer circumference

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15
Q

Midbrain

A

The region that connects the pons

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16
Q

Hindbrain

A

Includes everything not already included in the forebrain and midbrain, including parts of the brain stem and the cerebellum

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17
Q

Diencephalon (General Info)

A

Means: between brain

Lies between 2 brain regions:
Cerebrum
Brainstem

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18
Q

Diencephalon (Structural Overview)

A 
4 Major Divisions:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus 
Epithalamus
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19
Q

Parahippocampal Gyrus

A

Posterior portion of the limbic system

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20
Q

Limbic Lobe (Function)

A

Believed to be the center of emotions, emotional processing

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21
Q

Thalamus (Function)

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A

Largest component of the diencephalon

Serves as a relay station where sensory and motor information are processed before the information is sent to its destination

Receives input from many sources and projects to many parts of the cortex

Plays a role in: Consciousness, alertness, attention, audition, vision

Patients with thalamic lesions have language problems, specifically aphasia

22
Q

Medial Geniculate Body

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A

One of 2 main nuclei of the thalamus

Found on the posterior surface of the thalamus - looks like a swelling

Involved in auditory processing, forms part of the auditory pathway

Receives info from the inferior colliculus (another nuclei

23
Q

Lateral Geniculate Body

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A

One of 2 main nuclei of the thalamus

Forms part of the visual pathway

24
Q

Hypothalamus (General)

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A

Lies below the thalamus

Forms a small part of the diencephalon

Forms part of the floor of the lateral wall of the third ventricle

Related to a number of structures: optic chasm, mamillary body, tuber cinereum

25
Hypothalamus (Function)
Any aspect of physiology of the body is influenced by the hypothalamus Primary function is processing visceral info : hunger, thirst, controls hormones, regulates body temp, homeostasis,
26
Phagic Center (nucleus)
Lateral portion of the hypothalamus Controls hunger or phagia Patients with lesions in the part of the hypothalamus exhibit symptoms of anorexia nervosa
27
Satiety Center
Ventral medial portion of the hypothalamus Patients with lesions here eat too much, relates to obesity Can also cause aggressive behavior
28
Homeostasis
Regulation of the pituitary gland maintains equilibrium in the body
29
Pituitary Gland
AKA Hypophysis Pea-sized swelling at base of hypothalamus Has two main areas: Adenohypophysis - anterior Neurophypophysis - posterior
30
Sellar Turcica
Bony cavity in which the pituitary gland sits Covered by a dural fold called the Sellar Diaphragm
31
Sellar Diaphragm
A dural fold that covers the sellar turcica (the bony cavity where the pituitary gland sits)
32
Adenohypophysis
Relatively large portion of the pituitary gland located on its anterior portion This is where hormones are produced The hypothalamus controls endocrine cells located here - due to this the hypothalamus is able to influence the release of the hormones that these cells produce Controls the parasympathetic nervous system
33
Neurophypophysis
The posterior portion of the pituitary gland Controls the sympathetic nervous system - heart rate, breathing, sweating
34
Adipsia
Lack of desire to drink Caused by a lesion to the phagic center of the hypothalamus (lateral portion) - if the lesion is small enough
35
Supraoptic Nucleus
Located in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus Involved in regulating water balance in the body Allows us to feel thirsty if there's an insufficient amount of water in the body If there is too much water in your system the hypothalamus creates the urge to urinate A lesion is the supraoptic nucleus will cause polydipsia and polyuria
36
Polydipsia
Increased water intake - Due to a lesion of the supraoptic nucleus
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Polyuria
Increased urination due to a lesion of the supraoptic nucleus
38
Vasoconstriction
Muscles are signaled to shiver in order to generate heat
39
Hyperthermia
Increased body temperature caused by a lesion to the anterior portion of the hypothalamus
40
Hypothermia
Decreased body temperature due to a lesion in the posterior hypothalamus
41
Hypothalamus on Emotion
Hypothalamus is involved in the physical expression of emotion ex: increased heart rate due to fear, sweating due to fear In animals stimulation of the dorsomedial nucleus of they hypothalamus causes the animal to behave aggressively and with rage
42
Epithalamus
Lies above the thalamus Has 3 substructures: Pineal Body/Gland Stria Medullares Habenulae
43
Pineal Body/Gland
Portion of the epithalamus Receives visual information about light and darkness Secretes its chemicals into the bloodstream - these chemicals are associated with sleep/wake cycles
44
Stria Medullares
Portion of the epithalamus Carries the circadian rhythm
45
Habenulae
Portion of the epithalamus
46
Subthalamus
A structure found in the caudal portion of the diencephalon Has 3 main structures: Fields of Forel Zona Incerta Subthalamic Nucleus
47
Fields of Forel
Structure in the subthalamus
48
Zona Incerta
Structure in the sub thalamus
49
Subthalamic Nucleus
Conntected to a structure called Globus Pallidus Receives fibers from the motor cortices Damage to the subthalamic nucleus results in involuntary movements, especially in the upper limbs
50
Globus Pallidus
Structure connected to the subthalamic nucleus

Neuro (22 decks)

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