Lecture 6 (2/5) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 6 (2/5) Deck (21)
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1
Q

Cell Theory

A

Theodor Schwann, 1839
German zoologist

Proposed all tissues are composed of microscopic units he called cells

2
Q

Cells

A

The basic functional units of the nervous system
They do the work of the nervous system

2 Distinct Classes
Neurons
Glial Cells

3
Q

Neurons

A

The information processing agents in the nervous system

Approx 100 Billion in the human nervous system

Has 3 main parts:
Cell body/soma
Dendrite
Axon

4
Q

Cell Body/Soma

A

One of 3 main parts of a neuron

Contains cyoplasm, which contains organelles

Diffferent types of organelles:
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Nissl Body
Neurofibril
5
Q

Nucleus

A

Type of organelle in the cell body/soma

Relatively large

Contains the machinery for the cell to remain alive and repaired

6
Q

Mitochondria

A

Type of organelle in the cell body/soma

Contains enzymes involved in the metabolism of the cell

Sometimes referred to as the cell’s “powerhouse”

The more the cell has the higher the metabolism of the cell

7
Q

Neurofibril

A

Type of organelle found in the cell body/soma

Delicate fibers that serve as channels for intracellular communication between organelles

8
Q

Dendrite

A

One of 3 main parts of a neuron

Has spines on it in a mature brain

Other cells may communicate through these spines

9
Q

Axon (Overview)

A

One of 3 main parts of a neuron

Part of the cell that is specialized in the transfer of information to other cells/neurons

Extends up to about 1 meter in the human brain

Sends impulses AWAY from the soma only

10
Q

Axon (Anatomy)

A

Main structures:
Myelin Sheaths
Nodes of Ranvier
Trigger Zone/Initial Segment

3 Main Parts:
Axon Hillock
Axon Proper
Axon Terminal

11
Q

Myelin Sheaths

A

A fatty substance that surrounds large axons at very regular intervals

Essential for high speed information relay

Some diseases target them:
Multiple sclerosis - demyelinates the neurons

12
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Spaces between the myelin sheaths on an axon

13
Q

Trigger Zone/Initial Segment

A

An area of the axon that is typically not myelinated and near the soma

14
Q

Golgi Type 1 neurons

A

“Long distance carriers”

Long axons that carry information from one distant region to another

15
Q

Golgi Type 2 neurons

A

Short axons that process information in a small, limited portion of the brain.

16
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Beginning portion of an axon

17
Q

Axon Proper

A

The middle portion of an axon

18
Q

Axon Terminal

A

The end portion of an axon

Looks like a swollen disc and carries tiny membranes called synaptic vesicles

This is the part of the axon that contacts other neurons and passes info to them

19
Q

Synapse

A

When an axon terminal makes contact, but doesn’t touch

2 Sides
Presynaptic Synapse
Postsynaptic Synapse

20
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

Space between the presynaptic synapse and the postsynaptic synapse

21
Q

Synaptic Transmission

A

The transfer of information