Lecture 19 (4/14) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 19 (4/14) Deck (22)
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1
Q

PNS (Overview)

A

Lies outside of the skull and vertebral columns

The means by which nervous impulses are conveyed to and from the CNS

Made up of two functional systems:
Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System

2
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

One of two functional systems of the PNS

Has two main components:
Spinal Nerves
Cranial Nerves

3
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

There are 12 CNs

Most synapse with the CNS in the brainstem

Each of the CNs serves motor info, sensory info, or both

I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear 
V - Trigeminal 
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibular
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Spinal Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal
4
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory

Serves only sensory function

How to test:
The sensation of smell can be tested by having the patient not look at the stimuli or having it wrapped in something and then presenting by asking them to name the smell (onions, peppermint)

5
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic

Serves only sensory function

How to test:
Hold a different object in each hand and have arms spread wide. With the patient looking at the center you move your arms inward until they can see the objects

Determine the integrity of the pupil
Shining a light into the eye - if the pupil is ok it will constrict immediately

6
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor

Serves only motor function - eye movement

Injury to CN III results:

  • in drooping of the eyelid, known as ptosis
  • -caused by paralysis to the muscles that raise the eyelid

Patients often complain of double vision (diplopia)

7
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of the eyelid

8
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

9
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear

Serves only motor function - eye movement

Injury causes upward deflection of the effected eye during forward gaze - patient may also experience diplopia

10
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal

Serves both sensory and motor

Sensory branch has 3 division
Opthalamic
Maxillary
Mandibular

Motor branch

Innervates muscles of mastication
Can be tested by asking the patient to open and close the jaw against resistance

If V is injured patient may not be able to chew

11
Q

Opthalamic Division

A

Division of the sensory branch of the Trigeminal nerve

Provides sensation to the eye, upper eyelid, the bridge of the nose, and the anterior scalp

12
Q

Maxillary Division

A

Division of the sensory branch of the Trigeminal nerve

Provides sensation to the cheeks, the nose, upper teeth and lip, the hard palate, and the nasopharynx

13
Q

Mandibular Division

A

Divison of the sensory branch of the Trigeminal nerve

Provides sensation to the skin of the lower jaw, outer ear, lower teeth and gums, the floor of the mouth, the inside surfaces of the cheek

14
Q

Corneal Reflex

A

A test in which a cotton swab is dragged against the eyeball to check for the blinking reflex

15
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens

Serves only motor function - eye movement

Injury causes inward deflection of the effected eye

  • patient experiences diplopia when looking toward the side of the effected eye
  • patient may also experience nystagmus
16
Q

Nystagmus

A

Rhythmic oscillation of the eye

17
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial

Serves both sensory and motor

Motor:
Involved in the motor movement of the muscles of the face for facial expression

If damaged the muscles of facial expression may be paralyzed

  • Cant close the eyelid tightly, wrinkle the forehead, or pucker the lips
  • in some cases the facial muscles of one side can be paralyzed

Sensory:
Involved in taste, specifically involved in the anterior ⅔ of the tongue

18
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibular

Serves only sensory function - involved in hearing

To test:
Cause use different tasks, such as whispering into the ear of the patient or using a tuning fork or a ticking clock

19
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

Serves both sensory and motor

Motor:
Swallowing

Sensory:
Taste: posterior ⅓ of tongue, visceral sensation from palate and oral pharynx

IX and X can be tested together by testing the sensitivity of the posterior wall of the pharynx with a tongue depressor

20
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus

Serves both sensory and motor

Phonation and swallowing - gag reflex

21
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Spinal Accessory

Serves only motor function - Head movement and shoulder elevation

Injury causes:
Damaged side of the body to droop

Can test by asking the patient to raise his shoulders against resistance

22
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal

Serves only motor function - tongue movement

Injury to XII can cause the patient’s tongue to deviate toward the side of injury (ipsilateral)

Can test by evaluating the patient’s ability to protrude the tongue and seeing if they can move it from one side or the other. This can also be done against resistance