Lecture 13 - Respiratory Virology 3

Question 1

what are the subfamilies of herpesviridae

Answer 1

1. alpha (rapidly growing, neuro)
2. beta (slow, cytomegalic, glands/kidneys)
3. gamma (lymphoid tissue, Marek’s)

Question 2

what are the 3 targets of alpha herpesvirus epithelial infections

Answer 2

1. respiratory disease
2. ocular disease
3. abortion

Question 3

T/F: the presence of infection in both epithelium and nervous tissue create multi-organ neonatal infection

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

T/F: absence of antibody in a neonate would occur if the neonate was born to an immune mother or FPT

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

what are the 3 types of equine herpesvirus and their manifestations

Answer 5

1. EHV3 (genitalia)
2. EHV4 (respiratory)
3. EHV1 (abortion, neuro, multi-organ neonatal)

Question 6

describe EHV4

Answer 6

• equine rhinopneumonitis virus
• Young foals are commonly affected due to multiple factors

Question 7

T/F: immunity to EHV4 is long-lived

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

how is EHV4 controlled

Answer 8

• inactivated or ML vaccines
• dosing to foals and pregnant mares

Question 9

T/F: EHV4 vaccines control respiratory, abortion, and CNS side effects of the disease

Answer 9

FALSE - does not manage CNS effects

Question 10

describe equine rhinitis A virus

Answer 10

• high sero antibody prevalence suggests subclinical infections are common
• persistent infection
• infects pharynx, upper and lower airways

Question 11

how is equine rhinitis A virus controlled

Answer 11

annual inactivated virus vaccine

Question 12

describe the 4 phases of equine adenovirus pathogenesis

Answer 12

1. replication in the oral and nasal epithelium
2. viremia
3. migration to epithelium of respiratory track, conjunctiva, and jejunum
4. disease (mild or severe pneumonia)

Question 13

what horse is genetically predisposed to B & T cell deficiency (CID)

Answer 13

Arabian horse

Question 14

T/F: Hendra virus is zoonotic

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

what are the 3 ways hendra virus is transmitted

Answer 15

1. bat to horse (contaminated fruit)
2. horse to horse (infected secretions)
3. human-to-horse contact

Question 16

describe the pathogenesis of canine distemper (paramyxovirus) in 1 sentence

Answer 16

infects mononuclear cells of oropharynx and spreads to lymphoid tissues (primary) then organ systems (secondary)

Question 17

the clinical signs of canine distemper depends on what

Answer 17

1. strain
2. host
3. age
4. immunity
5. environmental stress

Question 18

T/F: the clinical signs of canine distemper tend to be broad

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

in a good immune response to canine distemper, what is common in older dogs

Answer 19

“old dog encephalitis”

Question 20

the presence of neutralizing antibodies is indicative of what

Answer 20

protection against

Question 21

what is a differential disease for canine distemper

Answer 21

rabies

Question 22

describe canine herpesvirus (CHV)

Answer 22

• uncommon cause of disease (respiratory, genital, multiorgan neonatal)
• temperature sensitive (33C)

Question 23

CHV exposure of neonatal puppies must occur when

Answer 23

<4 weeks of age

Question 24

what are the clinical signs and ways to diagnose CHV

Answer 24

signs
- D+, dyspnea, anorexia, sudden death

diagnosis
- hemorrhage lesions on organs

Question 25

what contributes to the infection of puppies by CHV

Answer 25

thermoregulatory structures are not fully operational until ~4 weeks of age and the mother is susceptible

Question 26

describe the pathogenesis of CHV in 4 steps

Answer 26

1. respiratory infection 2. viremia 3. body temp of puppy drops and withdraws from mother 4. CHV replicates in organs

Question 27

what are the 2 disease requirements of CHV

Answer 27

1. immune naive mother 2. CHV exposure of mother ~4weeks before to 4 weeks after parturition

Question 28

how is CHV prevented and controlled

Answer 28

- natural immunization before breeding - isolate dam & pups - maintain increased temperature of kennel

Question 29

what is canine adenovirus type 2

Answer 29

virus that replicates in the epithelium of the respiratory system

Question 30

why is the CAV1 MLV vaccine not given?

Answer 30

incidence of blue eye

Question 31

what is the most common cause of feline respiratory disease

Answer 31

feline herpesvirus 1

Question 32

describe the primary infection of FHV1

Answer 32

respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, potential pneumonia

Question 33

describe the recrudescence of FHV1

Answer 33

scarring of the cornea due to lytic damage

Question 34

T/F: ALL herpesvirus infections have repeated, intermittent episodes

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

what is the mechanism of viral latency/shedding in herpesvirus

Answer 35

1. infection in epithelium at site of entry 2. travels up nerves 3. latent infection in neurons 4. stress causes a change to productive infection 5. virus travels down nerves to re-infect epithelium with shedding

Question 36

what is the control of FHV1

Answer 36

MLV

Question 37

what is clinically indistinguishable from FHV1 and is the second major cause of respiratory disease

Answer 37

Feline Calicivirus

Question 38

T/F: feline calicivirus is a generally uncommon and low pathogenic virus

Answer 38

FALSE

Question 39

describe the transmission and clinical signs of feline calicivirus

Answer 39

transmission - aerosol, fomite, humans clinical signs - tongue ulcers, conjunctivitis, pneumonia

Question 40

T/F: cats infected with feline calicivirus are immune but may shed for life

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

T/F: there is a large opportunity for evolution with feline calicivirus due to the RNA genome

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

what can feline calicivirus mutate to? what are the signs or treatments?

Answer 42

Virulent systemic disease (VSD) characterized by edema and sores, treated with antibiotics

Question 43

are there vaccines for feline calicivirus

Answer 43

yes - SQ & intranasal