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2 - Animal Health & Disease > Lecture 65 - Urogenital Virology > Flashcards

Lecture 65 - Urogenital Virology Flashcards

1
Q

alphaherpesvirus disease manifestations

A

highly lytic infections in epithelium (multi-organ neonate infection) and nervous tissue (encephalitis)

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2
Q

T/F: mammalian neonates are highly susceptible to alpha herpesvirus infection

A

TRUE

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3
Q

bovine herpesvirus 1

A
  • respiratory disease (red nose)
  • conjuctivitis
  • genital infection
  • abortion
    multiorgan neonatal infection
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4
Q

describe abortion in bovine herpesvirus 1

A

ONLY in antibody negative dams

primary infection, viremia –> placenta –> fetal infection –> abortion

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5
Q

T/F: there are vaccines available for bovine herpesvirus 1 but MLV may cause abortions in pregnant animals

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Flaviviridae

A
  • yellow fever virus
  • RNA virus
  • enveloped
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7
Q

what are the 2 disease syndromes of BVDV

A
  1. acute = bovine virus D+
  2. persistent = mucosal disease
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8
Q

what are the 2 viral biotypes of BVDV

A
  1. non-cytopathic (normal)
  2. cytopathic (mutant)
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9
Q

how is BVDV transmitted

A

vertical and horizontal

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10
Q

describe the 3 manifestations of acute BVDV

A
  1. local mucosal infection - nasal/ocular discharge, stomatitis
  2. leukopenia - immunosuppression, “shipping fever”
  3. spread to GI epithelium - explosive D+
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11
Q

if a pregnant cow is infected by BVDV before 40 days then…

A

abortion

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12
Q

if a pregnant cow is infected by BVDV after 125 days then…

A

survive but have “weak calf syndrome”

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13
Q

what are the two outcomes of infection of pregnant cow by non-cytopathic biotype

A

<3 months = immune tolerance and persistent infection

> 3 months = viral clearance

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14
Q

describe a persistent infection of BVDV

A

asymptomatic while shedding virus through mucosal disease (mutation or superinfection of cytopathic)

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15
Q

symptoms of mucosal disease

A
  1. fever
  2. ulceration of intestines and mouth
  3. D+ w/ blood
  4. anorexia
  5. nasal discharge
  6. death in 1-3 weeks
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16
Q

BVDV control

A
  1. ear notch screening
  2. vaccine
  3. cull persistently infected
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17
Q

what is border disease

A

disease of sheep and goats very similar to BVDV resulting in fetal infection < 2 months of gestation (“hairy shaker lamb” syndrome, CNS, abortion)

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18
Q

what are the 3 types of equine herpesvirus

A
  1. EHV3 - genital
  2. EHV4 - respiratory
  3. EHV1 - abortion, neurologic, multiorgan neonatal infection
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19
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of EHV1

A
  1. abortion
  2. neurologic disease
  3. multiorgan neonatal infection
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20
Q

what is the most important infectious cause of abortion in equine

A

EHV1

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21
Q

what is the pathogenesis of EHV1 causing abortion

A
  1. virus enters via respiratory tract and spreads to placenta
  2. exposure due to waning mucosal immunity
  3. cell-associated viremia = infect lymphocytes and aren’t targeted by immune system allowing placental invasion
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22
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of EHV3

A

equine coital exanthema virus

genital infection with pustules and ulcers on mucosa that may interfere with breeding

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23
Q

arteriviridae

A

“arteritis” lesion
RNA virus
causes EAV and PRRSV

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24
Q

what cell types do arteriviridae target

A

macrophages

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25
how is EAV transmitted
1. aerosol 2. venereal
26
what is the pathogenesis of EAV
1. macrophages in lungs infected 2. spread to lymph nodes 3. viremia 4. infect endothelial cells 5. infect epithelium of seminiferous tubules causing persistent shed in semen
27
what epithelial surfaces are not readily accessible to the immune system
1. glandular epithelium 2. pharynx 3. kidney renal tubules 4. skin 5. intestinal epithelium
28
in absence of inflammation, immune components are restricted to
submucosa
29
what form of EAV is most infectious
subclinical
30
what are the symptoms of mild to moderate EAV
- fever - depression and anorexia - edema - nasal and lacrimal discharge - abortion
31
How is EAV controlled
1. MLV 2. programs to vaccinate and test stallions in KY/NY
32
how is PRRSV transmitted
1. aerosol via respiratory secretions 2. venereal transmission 3. fomites
33
T/F: PRRSV has a low mutation rate
FALSE
34
what is the pathogenesis of PRRSV
1. lung macrophages infected 2. viremia 3. persistent in tonsil and lymph node 4. spread to other tissues (bulbourethral gland) and persistent shed in semen
35
PRRSV contributes to
Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex
36
PRRSV clinical signs
- subclinical - fever - anorexia - respiratory distress - pneumonia - SMEDI
37
T/F: PRRS is the biggest disease problem for swine in NC and the U.S.
TRUE
38
how is PRRSV controlled
1. inactivated vax (low-cross protection) 2. MLV 3. receptor knock out pigs
39
Porcine parvovirus
in utero infections during first half of gestation can cause SMEDI enzootic but vax decreases occurrence
40
how is porcine parvovirus transmitted
fecal-oral
41
how is porcine parvovirus controlled
vaccine before breeding
42
Pseudorabies virus
eradicated in commercial USA, Canada, UK endemic to feral populations
43
what is the natural host of PrV
swine
44
T/F: survivors of pseudorabies recover without threat to other animals
FALSE - life-long infection and shedding
45
T/F: Pseudorabies is fatal in accidental hosts
TRUE
46
T/F: outcome of PrV is dependent on age and immune status
TRUE
47
young immune pigs infected with PrV have
respiratory disease, low mortality
48
non-immune young pigs infected with PrV have
multiorgan neonatal infection with neurologic disease and high mortality
49
epizootic pseudorabies
newly introduced to [non-immune] herd causing abortions and high mortality
50
enzootic pseudorabies
virus maintained in herd via latent infection causing no disease in adults and low mortality in piglets
51
porcine circovirus
circular DNA non-enveloped environmentally stable
52
PCV2
worldwide, endemic associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome causes immunosuppression inactivated vax available
53
PCV2 is linked to the manifestation of
reproductive disease
54
CSFV and ASFV
systemic infection that can cause abortion and reproductive failure
55
what animals does Japanese Encephalitis Virus infect? how?
horses - neurologic pigs - neuro and repro
56
T/F: Japanese Encephalitis Virus is reportable
TRUE
57
T/F: Japanese Encephalitis Virus is NOT zoonotic
FALSE
58
why is the emergence of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in the U.S. concerning
1. presence of mosquito vectors 2. susceptible hosts
59
describe Japanese Encephalitis Virus venereal transmission
1. AI practices 2. infected boars shed in semen 3. JEV spread
60
where does replication of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus occur
nervous system and lymphoid tissue
61
if sows are infected by JEV before 60-70 days of gestation what occurs
SMEDI
62
Canine Herpesvirus manifestations
1. respiratory 2. genital 3. multiorgan neonatal infection
63
T/F: CHV is temperature-sensitive virus
TRUE
64
what causes early abortion in dogs
Canine Parvovirus (CPV1)
65
what causes spontaneous abortion in dogs
Canine Distemper virus Adenovirus (infectious hepatitis)
66
what causes abortions in cats
1. feline panleukopenia virus 2. feline immunodeficiency virus 3. feline enteric coronavirus/FIPV 4. Feline leukemia virus 5. Feline Herpes Virus 1 6. Feline Calcivirus
67
what do avian adenoviruses manifest as
1. respiratory disease 2. egg drop syndrome (oviduct infection)
68
infectious bronchitis virus
- hypoplasia and incomplete development of oviduct - penguin posture (obstruction or. peritonitis) -ascites
69
avian urinary disorders are caused by
1. HPAIV 2. New castle

2 - Animal Health & Disease (61 decks)

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