Lecture 28 - GI/Liver Bacteriology 6

Question 1

describe the characteristics of salmonella enterica

Answer 1

gram -
rod
anaerobe
non-lactose fermenter
motile with flagella

Question 2

what is the habitat of S. enterica

Answer 2

1. GI tract of all animals
2. soil and environment

Question 3

T/F: salmonella enterica is zoonotic

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

How is salmonella named?

Answer 4

including species, subspecies and serotype (host/disease/location)

Question 5

what are the 4 ways salmonella is transmitted

Answer 5

1. oral
2. transovarian
3. vector
4. environment

Question 6

what are the 6 salmonella virulence factors

Answer 6

1. adhesins
2. flagella
3. type 3 secretion system (T3SS)
4. siderophores
5. LPS
6. heat shock proteins

Question 7

describe adhesins

Answer 7

fimbrial proteins attach to GI mucosa

Question 8

describe flagella

Answer 8

motility

Question 9

describe T3SS

Answer 9

injecting bacterial proteins into cell

Question 10

describe siderophores

Answer 10

bind iron needed for nutrition and invasion

Question 11

describe LPS

Answer 11

endotoxic lipid A component and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines

Question 12

describe heat shock proteins

Answer 12

essential for intracellular survival in macrophages

Question 13

summarize the pathogenesis of salmonella (causing D+)

Answer 13

1. adhere to epithelium
2. invade and replicate intracellularly
3. secrete toxins (increase Cl- secretion and Na+ absorption)
4. neutrophil recruitment and inflammation
5. malabsorptive and secretory D+ with blood

Question 14

what are the 4 presentations of salmonella clinically

Answer 14

1. inapparent infection
2. recovered carrier state
3. gastroenteritis*
4. septicemia

Question 15

what salmonella serotypes are present in ruminants

Answer 15

1. dublin
2. typhimurium
3. newport

Question 16

describe how salmonella affects neonates, cows and adult cattle

Answer 16

neonates: 2-6wk/o, fever and D+, death

cows: abortion

adult cattle: fever, severe D+ with blood and mucus

Question 17

What is the most diagnosed infectious diarrhea in adult horses

Answer 17

salmonella

Question 18

what salmonella serotypes are adult horses typically infected with

Answer 18

Typhimurium

Question 19

describe how salmonella affects adult horses and foals

Answer 19

foals: septicemia and high mortality

adults: fever, severe D+ with[out] blood and mucus

Question 20

what salmonella serotypes affect pigs

Answer 20

1. Typhimurium
2. Chloraesuis

Question 21

what happens clinically to pigs infected with salmonella

Answer 21

acute septicemia or chronic debilitating intestinal disease

Question 22

describe non-host-adapted poultry salmonella

Answer 22

• “paratyphoid”
• many serotypes
• motile strain
• ingestion transmission

Question 23

describe host-adapted poultry salmonella

Answer 23

• Fowl typhoid (Gallinarum)
• Pullorum Disease (Pullorum)
• non-motile

Question 24

Fowl Typhoid

Answer 24

• S. Gallinarum
• birds of all ages
• ova transmission
• acute septicemia or chronic enteritis/hepatitis

Question 25

Pullorum Disease

Answer 25

- S. pullorum - 2-3 wk/o chicks - ova transmission - septicemia or chronic carriers

Question 26

describe salmonella in cats and dogs

Answer 26

- clinical disease is uncommon (D+ fever, septicemia, etc.) - associated with consumption of contaminated food, treats, or raw meat

Question 27

___ of salmonella positive dogs were nonclinical

Answer 27

55%

Question 28

what is the single most pre-disposing factor for salmonella shedding

Answer 28

stress

Question 29

how many organisms of salmonella cause disease in humans

Answer 29

1-5 organisms

Question 30

how is salmonella diagnosed?

Answer 30

1. history of disease and age group 2. culture 3. serology 4. PCR

Question 31

what are the 3 benefits of PCR over serology

Answer 31

1. faster turn-around 2. more sensitive 3. not reliant on special media to promote growth

Question 32

what is the treatment of salmonella

Answer 32

fluid and elyte therapy +/- NSAIDS for fever reduction

Question 33

T/F: vaccination for salmonella is available

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

how is salmonella controlled

Answer 34

- management of carriers and environment - use of milk replacer - isolation of clinically affected animals