Lecture 18 - Respiratory Bacteriology 3

Question 1

describe streptococcus

Answer 1

gram-positive, non-motile, faculative cocci

Question 2

what is Lancefield grouping

Answer 2

classification system for catalase -, gram + cocci based on specific C substance in the cell wall

Question 3

what are the 3 types of hemolysis

Answer 3

1. alpha
2. beta
3. gamma

Question 4

describe alpha hemolysis

Answer 4

oxidize iron in RBCs to biliverdin (green color)

Question 5

describe beta hemolysis

Answer 5

complete rupture/lysis of RBCs by streptolysin

Question 6

describe gamma hemolysis

Answer 6

no hemolysis

Question 7

what are the 2 ways streptococcus can be classified

Answer 7

1. antigenic structures (cell wall or protein)
2. sequence typing

Question 8

why do some species of streptococcus produce capsules

Answer 8

for protection from phagocytosis

Question 9

what is a streptococcus capsule composed of

Answer 9

hyaluronic acid (group A)

Question 10

what adhesions are used in streptococcus spp.

Answer 10

1. M protein (microfold)
2. fimbriae
3. pilli

Question 11

what toxins are produced by streptococcus spp. give their jobs

Answer 11

1. streptolysin-O - attack leukocytes, platelets, etc
2. streptolysin-S - less toxic
3. streptokinase - cleave C3 via fibrinolysin activation
4. DNase
5. hyaluronidase - tissue invasion through breakdown

Question 12

what is the pathogenesis of Strep. pyogenes

Answer 12

*only species in Lancefield Group A
*mostly human pathogen

M protein (major virulence) - creates self-antigen attacks
T protein
Erythrogenic toxins (SPE A, B, and C)

Question 13

T/F: host immunity against GAS is high specific to M protein

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

can you treat GAS (strep. pyogenes) with penicillin or is there resistance?

Answer 14

Yes; low incidence of resistance

Question 15

describe strep. equi. what common diseases are caused by this bacteria?

Answer 15

Lancefield group C, B hemolysis

strangles, purpura hemorrhagica

Question 16

what are the virulence factors of strep. equi

Answer 16

1. M protein (antiphagocytic)
2. cytotoxins (damage phagocytic cells)

Question 17

what is strangles

Answer 17

contagious upper resp disease where abscess forms in ln which can compress nerve and rupture into guttural pouch

Question 18

what is purpura hemorrhagica

Answer 18

type III sensitivity following infection or vaccination of S. equi due to Ab-M protein complex deposition

Question 19

T/F: Strep. equi mostly affects horses

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

describe strep. suis

Answer 20

Lancefield group D; 35 capsular types; type 2 associated with disease

Question 21

what are the virulence factors of strep. suis

Answer 21

1. muramidase-released protein
2. extracellular protein factor
3. suilysin

Question 22

T/F: strep. suis is NOT zoonotic

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

strep suis in humans is…

Answer 23

toxic shock syndrome: septicemia with secondary inflammation

Question 24

describe the morpholgy of rhodococcus equi

Answer 24

large, gram +, short rod to cocci that creates distinct mucoid colonies on cultures

Question 25

T/F: R. equi is resistant in the environment with long survival rate

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 25

what antigens are produced by R. equi

Answer 25

1. 7 capsular antigens 2. virulence-associated protein A

Question 26

what does virulence-associated protein A do

Answer 26

survival within macrophages by preventing phagosome-lysosome fusion

Question 27

what are the clinical diseases of R. equi in horses

Answer 27

1. pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia in foal 2. visceral abscess or -itis

Question 28

what are the clinical diseases of R. equi in swine

Answer 28

lymphadenitis

Question 29

detection of ____ relies on PCR

Answer 29

mycoplasma

Question 30

what are the 5 mycoplasma virulence factors

Answer 30

1. antigenic shift 2. agglutinates 3. hemolysin 4. immunosuppression 5. toxins

Question 31

T/F: mycoplasma disease is typically associated with epithelial surfaces

Answer 31

FALSE -mucosal

Question 32

what is the cause of contagious bovine pleuropneumoniae (CBPP)

Answer 32

mycoplasma mycoides

Question 33

what is the transmission and pathology of CBPP

Answer 33

transmission: aerosol and inhalation pathology: lesions and interlobular septa thickened by fibrinous exudate and enlarged ln

Question 34

what does Mycoplasma bovis cause

Answer 34

1. pneumonia 2. otitis 3. mastitis

Question 35

how is mycoplasma bovis transmitted

Answer 35

1. inhalation 2. vertical (mammary gland)

Question 36

what is Mycoplasma dispar associated with

Answer 36

respiratory disease

Question 37

what is the predisposing agent for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)

Answer 37

mycoplasma bovoculi

Question 38

what is the most economically impactful mycoplasma in goats? what does it cause?

Answer 38

mycoplasma capricolum - contagious caprine pleuropneumoniae

Question 39

what is the main virulence factor of M. capricolum

Answer 39

capsular protein

Question 40

T/F: M. capricolum causes systemic disease in goats

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

what causes chronic pneumonia is small ruminants

Answer 41

mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

Question 42

what are two environmental predisposing factors for M. ovipneumoniae

Answer 42

1. housing management 2. ventilation

Question 43

what can be transmitted due to carrying in the ear canal

Answer 43

mycoplasma capri

Question 44

what are the 3 routes of transmission for M. capri

Answer 44

1. carrier in ear canal 2. vertical (colostrum) 3. direct

Question 45

M. capri is known for causing systemic disease in what group

Answer 45

goat kid

Question 46

what causes infectious caprine/ovine keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 46

mycoplasma conjunctivae

Question 47

what causes porcine enzootic pneumonia

Answer 47

mycoplasma hypopneumoniae

Question 48

what is the clinical sign of porcine enzootic pneumonia

Answer 48

persistent, non-productive dry cough, decreased weight gain

Question 49

what is the pathogenesis of MHP in 5 steps

Answer 49

1. stressors 2. colonization to the ciliated respiratory epithelium 3. ciliostasis, loss of cilia, decreased epithelial cells and goblet cells 4. loss of function of the mucociliary apparatus 5. predispose to secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia

Question 50

mycoplasma hyorhinis is commensal to what species

Answer 50

swine

Question 51

what species do mycoplasma gallisepticum infect. what is the disease manifestation for each

Answer 51

chicken = chronic resp. disease turkey = infectious sinusitis

Question 52

what is the transmission of M. gallisepticum

Answer 52

1. aerosol 2. direct contact 3. venereal 4. vertical transmission

Question 53

what is Mycoplasma synoviae

Answer 53

disease in chickens and turkeys that manifests as generalized respiratory disease and can spread systemically to air sac and joints

Question 54

what is mycoplasma meleagridis

Answer 54

respiratory disease in turkeys

Question 55

what is mycoplasma iowae

Answer 55

respiratory and joint disease in chickens/turkeys with immunosuppression

Question 56

what is mycoplasma gallinarum

Answer 56

severe bronchitis when co-infected with IBV

Question 57

what is mycoplasma anatum

Answer 57

respiratory and systemic infection in ducks

Question 58

describe the morphology of chlamydiae

Answer 58

small, gram -, pleomorphic cocci intracellular parasite

Question 59

describe the life cycle of chlamydiae in 5 steps

Answer 59

1.infectios EB enters 2. EB to RB differentiation 3. RB fission and inclusion growth 4. RB to EB differentiation 5. release EBs

Question 60

what are the 2 phases of chlamydia life cycle

Answer 60

biphastic (elementary and reticulate)

Question 61

decribe chlamydia psittaci

Answer 61

common asymptomatic disease with non-specific clinical signs and extensive shed period in a variety of birds

Question 62

how is psittacosis diagnosed

Answer 62

1. PCR 2. culture 3. serology

Question 63

T/F: psittacosis causes parrot fever in humans

Answer 63

TRUE

Question 64

what does chlamydia felis cause

Answer 64

conjunctivitis - rarely respiratory