Lecture 18

Question 1

What does the dorsum divide by and into?

Answer 1

• V- shaped sulcus terminalis
• Anterior 2/3 (Oral part)
• Posterior 1/3 (Pharyngeal Part)

Question 2

How does the anterior and posterior division differ?

Answer 2

In epithelial specialisations, development, and nerve supply

Question 3

What type of epithelium is in the Anterior 2/3?

Answer 3

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

List the Papillae in the Anterior 2/3

Answer 4

• Filiform papillae
• Fungiform papillae
• (Circum)vallate papillae

Question 5

Describe the Filifrom Papillae

Answer 5

• Most numerous
• Trigeminal Nerve (Lingual Branch)
• Mostly general sensation

Question 6

Describe the Fungiform Papillae

Answer 6

• Taste buds are present
• Facial Nerve (Chordae Tympani)

Question 7

Describe the (Circum)vallate Papillae

Answer 7

• Large number of taste buds are present
• Sense taste
• Innervated by the Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 8

What are the 4 sensations?

Answer 8

• Sweet
• Bitter
• Sour (acid)
• Salty
  Maybe also Umami

Question 8

Where else are Taste Buds found?

Answer 8

• Palatoglossal arches
• Soft palate
• Epiglottis
• Posterior wall of the pharynx

Question 9

What is at the bottom of the sulcus terminalis?

Answer 9

Foramen Caecum

Question 10

What is the Foramen Caecum?

Answer 10

• Embryological origin of pathway of the cells that will migrate to the neck to form the thyroid gland

Question 11

Which Papillae are not present in the Posterior 1/3?

Answer 11

Filiform and Fungiform

Question 12

What new Papillae is found in the Posterior 1/3?

Answer 12

Foliate papillae
- Vertical folds on the lateral margins
- Taste buds present

Question 13

List the nerves which contribute to general sensation of taste

Answer 13

1) Facial Nerve
2) Glossopharyngeal Nerve
3) Vagus Nerve

Question 14

What structures can be seen under the tongue?

Answer 14

• Lingual Frenulum
• Short frenulum

Question 15

What is the Lingual Frenulum?

Answer 15

Median fold of mucous membrane

Question 16

Name the 2 types of tongue muscles

Answer 16

1) Intrinsic Muscles
2) Extrinsic Muscles

Question 17

What types of muscles are the tongue muscles made up of?

Answer 17

Striated muscles

Question 18

What is the function of tongue muscles?

Answer 18

Important in mastication, swallowing, and speech

Question 19

What do intrinsic muscles do?

Answer 19

Alter its shape

Question 20

What do extrinsic muscles do?

Answer 20

Change its position

Question 21

What is the tongue divide by?

Answer 21

Fibrous septum

Question 22

List the 4 groups of intrinsic muscles

Answer 22

1) Superior longitudinal fibres
2) Inferior longitudinal fibres
3) Transverse fibres
4) Vertical fibres

Question 23

What is the action of the Superior longitudinal fibres?

Answer 23

Shorten and turn the tip and edges upwards

Question 24

What is the action of the Inferior longitudinal fibres?

Answer 24

**Shorten** and turn the tip and edges **downwards**

Question 25

What is the action of the Transverse fibres?

Answer 25

Narrows and elongates

Question 26

What is the action of the Vertical fibres?

Answer 26

Flattens and broadens

Question 27

Which cranial nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles?

Answer 27

Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 28

List the Extrinsic Muscles

Answer 28

1) Hyoglossus 2) Genioglossus 3) Palatoglossus 4) Styloglossus

Question 29

Which cranial nerve innervates the Palatoglossus muscle?

Answer 29

Vagus nerve

Question 30

What nerve supplies the Posterior 1/3?

Answer 30

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 31

What cranial nerve supplies sensory to the Anterior 2/3?

Answer 31

**Facial nerve** - Via the **lingual nerve** and **chorda tympani**

Question 32

What cranial nerve supplies general sensation to the Anterior 2/3?

Answer 32

**Trigeminal nerve fibres** in the **lingual nerve**

Question 33

What does the Oral cavity divide into?

Answer 33

- Oral Vestibule - Oral Cavity Proper

Question 34

Describe the Oral Vestibule

Answer 34

- Outer part - Between lips and cheeks externally and the teeth and alveolar processes internally

Question 35

Describe the Oral Cavity Proper

Answer 35

Located internal to the dental arches

Question 36

What is the Hard Palate?

Answer 36

Forms the partition between the nasal and oral cavities

Question 37

What is the Soft Palate?

Answer 37

**Separates** the **oral** and **nasal parts** of the **pharynx**

Question 38

Which 2 bones make up the Hard Palate?

Answer 38

1) Palatine Processes of maxillae 2) Horizontal processes of Palatine bones

Question 39

What is the nerve supply to the Hard Palate?

Answer 39

- **Greater palatine nerve**: emerges from **greater palatine foramen** provides sensory supply up to the canine tooth - **Nasopalatine nerve**: emerges through **incisive fossa**, provides sensory to incisor region

Question 40

What is the Blood supply to the Hard Palate?

Answer 40

Greater palatine artery

Question 41

Name the 2 Oropharyngeal isthmus'

Answer 41

1) Palatoglossal arches 2) Palatopharyngeal arches

Question 42

Describe the Palatopharyngeal arches

Answer 42

Produced by palatopharyngeus muscles

Question 43

Describe the Palatoglossal arches

Answer 43

Produced by underlying palatoglossus muscles

Question 44

What are the above structures of the Oropharyngeal isthmus' called?

Answer 44

Anterior & posterior pillars of the fauces