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BIOL 204 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food within the stomach known as?

A

chyme

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2
Q

The region of the stomach where the esophagus enters is the Blank______ region.

A

cardial

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3
Q

The ______ is the narrow part of the stomach that leads into the duodenum.

A

pylorus

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4
Q

Which muscular band regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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5
Q

The greater omentum is suspended from the ______ curvature of the stomach.

A

greater

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6
Q

The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as ___

A

chyme

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7
Q

What are the gastric rugae?

A

Longitudinal folds in the stomach lining

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8
Q

Which describes the fundus of the stomach?

A

It is the domed superior region.

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9
Q

The portion of the stomach between the fundus and the pyloric region is known as the ___

A

body (or corpus)

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10
Q

Which describes gastric pits?

A

Depressions in the gastric mucosa

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11
Q

The muscular band that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the ___ sphincter.

A

pyloric (or gastroduodenal)

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12
Q

Which describes the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

The medial superior margin from esophagus to duodenum

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13
Q

The longitudinal wrinkles in the lining of the stomach are called gastric ___

A

rugae

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14
Q

What are the three components of gastric juice?

A

pepsin
water
hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

The region of the stomach where the esophagus enters is the ______ region.

A

cardial

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16
Q

The source of the ___ ions in stomach acid is the dissociation of carbonic acid within parietal cells.

A

hydrogen

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17
Q

The depressions in the gastric mucosa are called gastric ___

A

pits

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18
Q

Choose all that are functions of stomach acid.

A

Activates pepsin and lingual lipase
Destroys pathogens
Denatures proteins

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19
Q

Which muscular band regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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20
Q

An enzyme that is secreted in its inactive form is known as a ______.

A

zymogen

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21
Q

Within the glands of the stomach, ___ cells secrete hydrochloric acid.

A

parietal

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22
Q

The enzyme ___ begins digestion of protein in the stomach.

A

pepsin

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23
Q

What are the components of gastric juice?

A

Hydrocholric acid, water, and pepsin

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24
Q

Produced in the stomach, ___ factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 by the small intestine.

25
What is the source of hydrogen ions used to form stomach acid?
The dissociation of carbonic acid
26
Which is not one of the functions of stomach acid?
Activates salivary amylase
27
What is the inactive precursor of pepsin?
Pepsinogen
28
Which paracrine secretions are produced in both the digestive tract and CNS?
Gut-brain peptides
29
What is the function of pepsin?
To digest protein
30
What is the significance of the epithelial tight junctions and the mucous coat lining the stomach?
They protect the stomach lining from acid damage.
31
What is the function of intrinsic factor?
Transport and absorption of vitamin B12
32
Stomach function is regulated in three phases, which are the ___ phase, the intestinal phase, and the cephalic phase.
gastric
33
The source of the ___ ions in stomach acid is the dissociation of carbonic acid within parietal cells.
hydrogen
34
Choose all that are functions of stomach acid. - destroys pathogens - chemically digests proteins - denatures proteins - activates pepsin and lingual lipase
destroys pathogens denatures proteins activates pepsin and lingual lipase
35
Gastric secretion in response to the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food occurs during the ___ phase of gastric function.
cephalic
36
Gastric secretion in response to the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food occurs during the ___ phase of gastric function.
cephalic
37
Choose all that are secreted by enteroendocrine cells of the gastric glands. - somatostatin - gastrin - HCl acid - pepsinogen - histamine
gastrin histamine somatostatin
38
gastric activity during the ___ phase of digestion is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach.
gastric
39
Choose all that protect the stomach lining from the acidic contents. - protective gastric juices - excessive blood flow - mucous coat - epithelial cell replacement - tight junctions
mucous coat tight junctions epithelial cell replacement
40
Which gastric hormone stimulates secretion and motility of the stomach?
gastrin
41
What are the three phases of gastric activity?
cephalic phase intestinal phase gastric phase
42
What is the goal of the intestinal phase of gastric regulation?
To adjust gastric activity so as to not overload the duodenum
43
What is the source of hydrogen ions used to form stomach acid?
The dissociation of carbonic acid
44
What is the irregular opening in the liver that forms an entry/exit point for blood vessels and exit point for bile vessels?
Porta hepatis
45
About ______% of the stomach's acid secretion occurs in the cephalic phase of digestion.
40
46
Microscopic subunits of the liver, each consisting of a central vein passing down its core, are called hepatic ___.
lobules
47
About ______ of total gastric secretion occur during the gastric phase.
two-thirds
48
The hormone produced by enteroendocrine G cells that stimulates stomach HCl and enzyme activity is ___
gastrin
49
The intestinal phase of digestion begins when chyme enters the ______.
duodenum
50
The structure indicated in the figure is the ___ duct.
cystic
51
The irregular opening in the liver that forms an entry/exit point for blood vessels and bile vessels is the ___ hepatis.
porta
52
What is contained in bile?
Cholesterol, pigments, bile salts, and phospholipids
53
What are the microscopic structural subunits of the liver?
Hepatic lobules
54
The acini of the pancreas secrete ______, while the duct cells of the pancreas secrete ______.
digestive enzymes sodium bicarbonate
55
Which gastric hormone stimulates secretion and motility of the stomach?
gastrin
56
Bile drains from the gallbladder through which duct?
Cystic
57
Choose all that are found in bile. - phospholipids - cholesterol - cholecystokinin - bile enzymes - bile acids - bile pigments
Phospholipids Cholesterol Bile acids Bile pigments
58
The ______ of the pancreas secrete sodium bicarbonate, while the ______ of the pancreas secrete digestive enzymes.
duct cells, acinar cells
59
What is contained in bile?
Cholesterol, pigments, bile salts, and phospholipids

BIOL 204 (35 decks)

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