Lecture 2 Flashcards
Anterolateral abdominal walls (21 cards)
What are the boundaries of the ALA walls?
Xiphoid process, costal margins, down from posterior axillary folds, inguinal ligament and pelvic crest
What are the paired components of the abdominal wall?
Anterolateral - external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus
Median - rectus abdominus
Describe the anterolateral pairs of muscles
External oblique
- muscle laterally, aponeurosis medially
- directed downwards and forwards
- thickened lower border of aponeurosis rolls inwards to form inguinal ligament
Internal oblique
- muscle laterally, aponeurosis medially
- fan shaped
Transversus abdominus
- muscle laterally, aponuerosis anteriorly
Where is the inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament?
Inguinal ligament extends from anterosuperior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle. The part of the inguinal ligament attached to pectin pubis is the lacunar ligament
Where does rectus abdominus extend to and from?
Xiphoid and costal cartilages 5-7 to pubic crest
What does ARS consist of?
Aponeurosis of external oblique and internal oblique
What does PRS consist of?
Aponeurosis of internal oblique and transversus abdominus
Linea alba forms due to fusion of the
layers of the rectus sheath
What is linea semilunaris?
Lateral edges of rectus abdominus where rectus sheath arises from the aponeuroses of abdominal muscles
What are the layers beneath the transversus abdominus?
Tansveralis fascia
fat
peritoneum
What is blood supply of the rectus and other muscles?
Rectus - epigastric
Other - deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior intercostals
What is blood supply for skin?
posterior intercostals
epigastric
cutaneous branches of femorals
What nerves innervate ALA?
lower intercostal nerves
L1, giving rise to ileohypogastric and ileoinguinal nerves
Where is the inguinal canal?
Through the aponeuroses and muscle of lower abdominal wall
What are the walls of the inguinal canal?
Anterior - aponeurosis of external oblique, superficial inguinal ring
Posterior - transversalis fascia, deep inguinal ring
Superior - Internal oblique, Transversalis abdominus, transversalis fascia
Inferior - Inguinal ligament
Where is the superficial inguinal ring?
Slit in the aponeurosis of external oblique
Where is deep inguinal ring?
1cm above mid inguinal point (halfway between anterosuperior iliac spine and pubic symphysis)
What does inguinal canal carry?
spermatic cord and round ligament
Where is the femoral canal?
Under inguinal ligament at mid inguinal point. It forms the medial component of the femoral sheath
What are the compartments of the femoral sheath and what do they contain?
Lateral - femoral artery
Intermediate - femoral vein
Medial - femoral canal (lymphatic vessels)
Where is the transplyoric plane?
Halfway between xiphosternal joint and umbilicus, at lower level of L1
