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ANAT3907 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

Alimentary System I (53 cards)

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1
Q

What two spaces does the oral cavity consist of?

A

Vestibule and oral cavity proper

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2
Q

Where do the three parts of the pharynx extend from and to?

A

Nasopharynx - choana to soft palate
Oropharynx - soft palate to epiglottis
Laryngopharynx - epiglottis to top of trachea

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3
Q

What supplies the fore, mid and hind gut?

A

Coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery

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4
Q

Name components of foregut

A 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum (just below greater duodenal papilla)
Liver
Pancreas
Gall bladder
Spleen
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5
Q

Name components of mid gut

A 
Duodenum (from just below greater duodenal papilla)
jujunum
ileum
caecum
appendix
ascending colon
R 2/3 of transverse colon
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6
Q

Name components of hind gut

A 
L 1/3 of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Most of anal canal
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7
Q

Name histological layers of alimentary tract proper (from superficial to deep)

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
External Muscle
Adventitia or Serosa

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8
Q

What levels does the oesophagus exist at?

A

C6 (top of trachea) to T11 (stomach)

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9
Q

What level does oesophagus pass through diaphragm?

A

T10

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10
Q

Describe route of oesophagus from trachea to stomach

A

trachea -> superior/posterior mediastinum -> diaphragm at T10 -> right crus -> stomach

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11
Q

Anterior relations of oesophagus

A

trachea, bronchi, pericardium and L atrium

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12
Q

Posterior relations of oesophagus

A

vertebral column;

from T5-6 down: thoracic duct, azygous and descending aorta

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13
Q

What type of epithelium is the lining of the oesophagus?

A

non keratinised stratified squamous

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14
Q

Describe the nerve supply to and from the oesophagus

A

L and R vagus form a plexus on the oesophagus;

plexus forms L and R vagal trunks on lower abdomen which pass through diaphragm with oesophagus

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15
Q

Describe route of abdominal oesophagus

A

Runs in groove on posterior surface of liver to the cardia of the stomach

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16
Q

What attaches abdominal oesophagus to diaphragm?

A

Attached posteriorly to diaphragm by gastrophrenic ligament

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17
Q

What levels of the oesophagus are constrictions observable?

A
  1. criocopharyngeus (upper sphincter)
  2. arch of aorta
  3. left main bronchus
  4. oesophageal hiatus (lower sphincter)
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18
Q

What are the two components of the lower sphincter of the oesophageal hiatus?

A

Specialised circular muscle in the wall of oesophagus;

muscle of R crus forms an external sphincter

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19
Q

Lower sphincter - Specialised circular muscle in the wall of oesophagus is maintained by? Relaxes during?

A

myenteric plexus;

passage of food or vomiting

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20
Q

Muscle of R crus tightens when?

A

inspiration of when intraabdominal pressure is increased (prevents gastrooesophageal reflux)

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21
Q

During early development, the … part of the gut tube is attached to the … body wall by a … mensentery

A

abdominal, posterior, dorsal

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22
Q

During early development, the … and … part of the duodenum is attached to the … body wall by a … mensentery

Study These Flashcards
A

stomach, foregut, anterior, ventral

23
Q

What forms in the ventral mesentery?

Study These Flashcards
A

Liver
Biliary system
Ventral pancreas
Falciform ligament (formed in part of ventral mesentery anterior to the liver)
Lesser omentum (formed in part of ventral mesentery between liver and stomach)

24
Q

What forms in the dorsal mesentery?

Study These Flashcards
A 
mesetnery
mesoappendix
transverse mesocolon
sigmoid mesocolon
dorsal pancreas
spleen
greater omentum
25
Lesser and greater omentum form in the... respectively
ventral and dorsal mesentery
26
What is the greater omentum and its attachments??
Double fold of peritoneum that is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum transverse colon mesocolon
27
What are the three subdivisions of the greater omentum?
gastrocolic ligament gastrosplenic ligament gastrophrenic ligament
28
Greater omentum hangs down from stomach to cover what?
Anterior surfaces of most abdominal organs
29
Fully formed omentum has what on anterior and posterior surfaces?
mesothelium
30
What is the function of the greater omentum?
protective via macrophages and because it adheres to areas of peritoneal damage and inflammation
31
What is the lesser omentum?
A fold of peritoneum that extends from the lesser curvature of stomach and first part of the duodenum to posterior surface of the liver
32
Which side does the lesser omentum give rise to a free edge?
Right
33
What is the lesser omentum attached to laterally?
Nothing
34
Where does the free edge extend to and from?
Duodenum to posterior liver
35
What runs through lesser omentum to the left of the free edge (still within)?
hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct
36
What are the four peritoneal sacs?
Lesser sac/omental bursa Greater sac Epiploic/omental foramen Stomach bed
37
Where is the omental bursa?
space posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
38
Where is the lesser sac?
space posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
39
Where is the greater sac?
Rest of the peritoneal cavity minus the omental bursa
40
Where is the epiploic foramen?
Behind free edge of lesser omentum - connects greater and lesser sacs
41
Where is the stomach bed?
Posterior wall of lesser sac
42
Name the different components of the stomach from open to close?
``` Cardiac part Fundus Body Pyloric part Pyloris ```
43
What are the two notches of the stomach?
Cardiac notch and angular notch
44
Where is the cardiac notch?
Between oesophagus and fundus
45
Where is angular notch?
Lower part of lesser curvature
46
What are anterior relations of the stomach?
Liver and diaphragm
47
What are posterior relationships of stomach?
Omental bursa and structures of stomach bed
48
What are rugae
Temporary internal longitudinal folds
49
Where are mucus producing glands located in stomach?
Cardiac and pyloric parts
50
Where are digestive enzymes and HCl producing glands located in stomach?
Fundus and body
51
What level is the cardiac orifice?
7th costal cartilage
52
What level is the pyloric sphincter?
Level of transpyloric plane
53
What happens to double fold of greater omentum when it matures?
Central parts of the fold fuse and mesothelia are usually obliterated

ANAT3907 (15 decks)

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