Lecture 4

Question 1

The pericardium lines the pericardial cavity. It consists of (from outside in):

Answer 1

fibrous pericardium
parietal serous pericardium
visceral serous pericardium

Question 2

Heart is lined with…

Answer 2

endocardium

Question 3

What is endocardium?

Answer 3

Endothelium with underlying CT

Question 4

What supplies the R atrium with the venous supply of the heart?

Answer 4

coronary sinus 60%

vena cordis minimae and anterior cardiac veins 40%

Question 5

What is the name of the embryonic opening between atria?

Answer 5

foramen ovale

Question 6

What is the membrane covering the embryonic opening between atria?

Answer 6

fossa ovalis

Question 7

Where is the pectinate muscles located?

Answer 7

Anterior side of R atrium

Question 8

What lies on opposite side of crista terminalis?

Answer 8

sulcus terminalis

Question 9

Where is the crista terminalis located?

Answer 9

Opening into the right atrial appendage

Question 10

What do chorda tendinae connect?

Answer 10

Papillary muscles to valve

Question 11

How many papillary muscles in the R AV valve?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

What heart chambers has interlacing muscular folds and what are they called?

Answer 12

R/L V - trabecular carnae

Question 13

What separates the ventricles?

Answer 13

Interventricular septum

Question 14

What is the aortic opening?

Answer 14

Wall of L ventricle is contiguous with wall of R atrium

Question 15

Where and what is the infundibulum of the heart?

Answer 15

Smooth surface below and to the left of the opening of the pulmonary trunk in the R ventricle

Question 16

Where is apex of heart?

Answer 16

Intersection of L mid clavicular line and fifth intercostal space (roughly xiphosternal joint)

Question 17

Where is R border?

Answer 17

Vertical level of the R margin of the sternum

Question 18

Venous drainage is accomplished by what predominantly?

Answer 18

Great, middle and small cardiac veins

Question 19

Where does great cardiac vein drain and where does it run?

Answer 19

L atrium and both ventricles, anterior interventricular groove

Question 20

Where does small cardiac vein drain and where does it run?

Answer 20

R atrium and some right ventricle, coronary sulcus/atrioventricular groove

Question 21

Where does middle cardiac vein drain and where does it run?

Answer 21

Ventricles, posterior interventricular groove

Question 22

What are components of the pacemaker system?

Answer 22

SA node -> AV node -> Atrioventricular Bundle of His -> 2x Purkinje fibres (supplies paipllary muscles in ventricles)

Question 23

What consists atrioventricular bundle of His?

Answer 23

2 bundles of Purkinje fibres which go to L and R ventricles

Question 24

Where is SA node located?

Answer 24

anterolateral wall of R atrium below opening of SVC

Question 25

Where is AV node located?

Answer 25

interatrial septum below opening of coronary sinus

Question 26

What innervates the heart?

Answer 26

cardiac plexus and phrenic nerves

Question 27

What consists the cardiac plexus and what are their functions?

Answer 27

fine branches from upper sympathetic trunk (increases rate and force of contraction) and vagus (decrease rate and force of contraction)

Question 28

What is the role of phrenic nerves in the heart?

Answer 28

Pass through fibrous pericardium and carry sensory (pain) fibres from serious parietal pericardium

Question 29

Name divisions of the coeliac trunk

Answer 29

left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery

Question 30

What supplies the diaphragm?

Answer 30

Superior - musculophrenic artery | Inferior - inferior phrenic artery

Question 31

Where do internal thoracic artery branch from?

Answer 31

subclavian artery

Question 32

Where does R subclavian come from?

Answer 32

Extends from the R brachiocephalic