lecture 22 - hand muscles & upper limb blood supply

Question 1

What tendon sheath surrounds each finger?

Answer 1

Synovial flexor tendon sheath, and fibrous sheaths over the top

Question 2

What is the sheath that covers the palmar aspect of the wrist?

Answer 2

Flexor retinaculum/transverse carpal ligament

Question 3

What are the extrinsic flexors of the fingers?

Answer 3

Flexor digitorum superificalis, flexor digitorum profundus

Question 4

What is the origin of flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 4

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 5

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 5

Base of middle phalanx of digits 2-5

Question 6

What is the origin of flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 6

Deep to FDS from anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

Question 7

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 7

Base of distal phalanx 2-5

Question 8

What are the attachments of the transverse carpal ligament/flexor retinaculum?

Answer 8

Lateral: scaphoid & trapezium, Medial: pisiform & hamate

Question 9

What converts the carpal arch into a tunnel?

Answer 9

Transverse carpal ligament

Question 10

What are the type of strucures inside the carpal tunnel?

Answer 10

Tendons, nerves

Question 11

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 11

Tendons of FDS and FDP, flexor pollicis longus tendon, median nerve

Question 12

How many tendons run through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 12

9

Question 13

Which nerve runs through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 13

Median nerve

Question 14

Which tendon runs through the transverse carpal ligament?

Answer 14

Flexor carpi radialis tendon

Question 15

What tendon runs over the top of the transverse carpal ligament?

Answer 15

Palmaris longus tendon

Question 16

What are the 3 types of intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 16

thenar muscles, hypothenar muscles, other

Question 17

What are the 3 intrinsic thenar muscles?

Answer 17

Flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

Question 18

What are the 3 intrinsic hypothenar muscles of the hand?

Answer 18

Flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi

Question 19

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand, excluding the thenar/hypothenar muscles?

Answer 19

Adductor pollicis, lumbricals, interossei

Question 20

What are the 2 types of interosseous muscles?

Answer 20

Dorsal interossei, palmar interossei

Question 21

What are the origins of lumbricals?

Answer 21

Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus tendons

Question 22

What are insertions of lumbricals?

Answer 22

Extensor expansion/hood, on the radial/lateral side

Question 23

What is the function of the lumbricals?

Answer 23

Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint, extension at interphalangeal joint

Question 24

How many lumbricals are there?

Answer 24

4

Question 25

What is the origin of the interossei?

Answer 25

Metacarpal bones

Question 26

What is the insertion of the interossei?

Answer 26

The extensor expansion/hood

Question 27

What is more deep, the interossei or lumbricals?

Answer 27

Interossei?

Question 28

What is the function of interossei (both palmar and dorsal)

Answer 28

Flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint, extension at interphalangeal joint

Question 29

What is the specific function of the palmar interossei?

Answer 29

Adduction of the fingers

Question 30

What is the specific function of the dorsal interossei?

Answer 30

Abduction of the fingers

Question 31

What muscles produce movements at the thumb?

Answer 31

Extrinsic : flexor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus Intrinsic: flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis

Question 32

What artery is the first in the arterial supply of the arm?

Answer 32

Axillary artery

Question 33

What does the axillary artery change name to in the arm?

Answer 33

Brachial artery

Question 34

What are the 3 key branches of the brachial artery in the arm?

Answer 34

anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery, profunda brachii artery

Question 35

What does the brachial artery split into?

Answer 35

Radial artery, ulnar artery

Question 36

Where does the brachial artery fork into the radial and ulnar arteries?

Answer 36

Anterior aspect of arm, just past elbow joint

Question 37

What is the key proximal branch of the ulnar artery?

Answer 37

Common interosseous

Question 38

What does the common interosseous artery of the forearm arise from?

Answer 38

Ulnar artery

Question 39

What are the 2 key branches of the common interosseous artery?

Answer 39

Anterior interosseous artery, posterior interosseous artery

Question 40

What are the 2 arterial arches in the hand?

Answer 40

Superficial palmar arch, deep palmar arch

Question 41

What is the major supplier of the superficial palmar arch?

Answer 41

Ulnar artery

Question 42

What is the major supplier of the deep palmar arch?

Answer 42

Radial artery

Question 43

What arteries come off the superficial palmar arch?

Answer 43

Common palmar digital arteries

Question 44

What arteries come off the deep plantar arch?

Answer 44

Palmar metacarpal arteries

Question 45

What arch supplies the dorsal aspect of the hand?

Answer 45

Dorsal carpal arch

Question 46

What are the 2 main veins in the arm?

Answer 46

Axillary vein (turns into basilic vein), cephalic vein

Question 47

What does the axillary vein branch into in the arm?

Answer 47

Basilic vein, brachial vein

Question 48

Where is the cubital fossa?

Answer 48

Anterior aspect of the elbow joint

Question 49

Which veins pass through the cubital fossa?

Answer 49

Median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein

Question 50

Which vein of the cubital fossa is used to draw blood?

Answer 50

Median cubital vein

Question 51

What is the lateral vein of the forearm?

Answer 51

Cephalic vein

Question 52

What is the medial vein of the forearm?

Answer 52

Basilic

Question 53

What is the venous structure of the hand?

Answer 53

Dorsal venous network/dorsal venous arch

Question 54

What 2 veins drain the hand?

Answer 54

Basilic vein, cephalic vein

Question 55

Which vein passes through the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 55

Cephalic vein