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ELM2 - musculoskeletal > lecture 16 - shoulder/axilla muscles > Flashcards

lecture 16 - shoulder/axilla muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 regions of attachements of shoulder joint and girdle muscles?

A

1.) between axial skeleton & shoulder girdle
2.) between scapula, clavicle & humerus
3.) between axial skeleton & humerus

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2
Q

What are the muscles between the axial skeleton & shoulder girdle?

A

trapezius, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, serratus anterior

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3
Q

What are the muscles between the scapula, clavicle & humerus?

A

rotator cuffs (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis), teres major, deltoid

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4
Q

What are the muscles between the axial skeleton and humerus?

A

pectoralis major, latissmus dorsi

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5
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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6
Q

What is the function of the upper fibres of trapezius?

A

elevate the shoulder girdle

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7
Q

What is the function of the middle fibres of trapezius?

A

retract the shoulder girdle

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8
Q

What is the function of the lower fibres of trapezius?

A

depress the shoulder girdle

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9
Q

What are the movements caused by the trapezius muscle?

A

elevation, retraction, depression, fixation of the shoulder girdle & rotation of scapula during abduction

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10
Q

What are the movements facilitated by levator scapulae muscle?

A

elevation of shoulder girdle (pulls scapula upwards)

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11
Q

What is the function of rhomboid minor?

A

Retraction of the shoulder girdle

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12
Q

What is the function of rhomboid major?

A

Retraction of shoulder girdle

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13
Q

Which rhomboid muscle is superior?

A

Rhomboid minor

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14
Q

What is the function of serratus anterior?

A

Protraction of the shoulder girdle - pulling medial border of scapula towards the mid-lateral line

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15
Q

What muscle is damaged/has interrupted nerve supply to cause a winged scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

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16
Q

What is the overall function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

stabilise the shoulder joint

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17
Q

What muscle covers the subscapular fossa?

A

Subscapularis

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18
Q

What muscle covers the supraspinous fossa?

A

Supraspinatus

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19
Q

What muscle covers the infraspinous fossa?

A

Infraspinatus

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20
Q

What is the location of teres minor?

A

Posterior surface, lateral border

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21
Q

What is the origin of supraspinatus?

A

Medial aspect of supraspinous fossa

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22
Q

What is the insertion of supraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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23
Q

What is the origin of infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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24
Q

What is the insertion of infraspinatus?

A

The glenoid tubercle of head of humerus

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25
What is the origin of subscapularis?
subscapular fossa
26
What is the insertion of subscapularis?
The lesser tubercle of the humerus
27
What is the origin of teres minor?
posterior lateral border of scapula
28
What is the insertion of teres minor?
Greater tubercle humerus
29
What is the insertion of the posterior rotator cuffs?
Greater tubercle of the humerus
30
What is the function of supraspinatus?
Abduction of shoulder joint
31
What is the function of subscapularis?
Medial/internal rotation
32
What is the function of infraspinatus?
Lateral/external rotation
33
What is the function of teres minor?
Lateral/external rotation
34
What are the 2 key bursae of the shoulder joint?
Subacromial bursa, subscapular bursa
35
What is the function of the subacromial bursa?
Facilitates the movement of the supraspinatus tendon under the coracoacromial arch
36
What is impingment syndrome of the shoulder?
When the subacromial bursa becomes inflamed and impinges on the suprascapualris tendon.
37
What are the 3 types of fibres of the deltoid?
Anterior, middle, posterior
38
What is the function of the anterior fibres of deltoid?
flexion of the arm
39
What is the function of the middle fibres of deltoid?
abduction of the arm
40
What is the function of the posterior fibres of deltoid?
extension of the arm
41
What is the origin of deltoid?
Clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
42
What is the insertion of deltoid?
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
43
What is the function of teres major?
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
44
What is the origin of teres major?
Posterior, inferior angle of scapula
45
What is the insertion of teres major?
Intertubercular groove of humerus
46
What are the 2 heads of pectoralis major?
Clavicular head, sternocostal head
47
What is the function of the clavicular head of pectoralis major?
Flexion of the extended humerus, adduction and medial rotation of humerus
48
What is the function of the sternocostal head of pectoralis major?
Extension of the flexed arm, adduction and medial rotation of humerus
49
What is the origin of pectoralis major?
clavicle ,sternum. costal cartilage
50
What is the insertion of pectoralis major?
Inter-tubercular groover of humerus
51
What is the function of latissmus dorsi?
Extension and medial rotation of humerus, adduction of humerus
52
What is the origin of latissmus dorsi?
Spinous process of thoracic spine, iliac crest, ribs
53
What is the insertion of latissmus dorsi?
Intertubercular groove
54
What 3 muscles insert onto the intertubercular groove of the humerus?
pectoralis major (lateral), latissmus dorsi (middle), teres major (medial)
55
What is the shape of the axilla?
4 sided pyramid
56
Where is the apex of the axilla ‘pyramid’?
between first rib, clavicle and superior subscapularis muscle
57
Where is the base of the axilla ‘pyramid’?
skin, subcutaneous tissue and fascia of the armpit
58
Where is the anterior wall of the axilla ‘pyramid’?
pectoralis major, fascia
59
Where is the posterior wall of the axilla ‘pyramid’?
subscapularis, latissmus dorsi, teres major
60
Where is the lateral wall of the axilla ‘pyramid’?
Intertubercular sulcus/groove
61
Where is the medial wall of the axilla ‘pyramid’?
Upper thoracic wall, serratus anterior muscle
62
What are the vessels and nerves of the axillary region?
axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus, axillary lymph nodes
63
What is arterial pathway from heart to brachial artery (right side)?
Heart, aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right subclavian, axillary artery, brachial artery
64
Where does the subclavian artery change name to the axillary artery?
1st rib
65
Where does the axillary artery change name to the brachial artery?
lower border of teres major muscle
66
What are the 2 arteries that wrap around the surgical neck of the humerus and supply it?
Anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery
67
What nerves supply the brachial plexus?
Ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 spinal nerves
68
What part of the spinal nerves supply the brachial plexus?
Ventral rami
69
What are the 5 parts of the brachial plexus?
Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches
70
How many roots are there of the brachial plexus?
5
71
What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?
Superior, middle, inferior
72
What are the divisions of each trunk of the brachial plexus?
Anterior, posterior
73
What are the cords of the brachial plexus?
lateral, posterior, medial
74
Which divisions unite to form the lateral cord?
anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks
75
Which divisions unite to form the posterior cord?
posterior divisions of the superior, middle and inferior trunks
76
Which divisions unite to form the medial cord?
Just the anterior division of the inferior trunk
77
What are the 5 branches of the brachial plexus?
Musculocutaneous nerve, Axillary nerve, Radial nerve, Median nerve, Ulnar nerve
78
What nerve roots ultimately supply the musculocutaneous nerve?
C5, C6, C7
79
What nerve roots ultimately supply the axillary nerve?
C5, C6
80
What nerve roots ultimately supply the Radial nerve?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
81
What nerve roots ultimately supply the median nerve?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
82
What nerve roots ultimately supply the Ulnar nerve?
C8, T1
83
Which cord/s give rise to the musculocutaneous nerve?
lateral cord
84
Which cord/s give rise to the radial nerve?
posterior cord
85
Which cord/s give rise to the median nerve?
lateral cord & medial cord
86
Which cord/s give rise to the axillary nerve?
posterior cord
87
Which cord/s give rise to the ulnar nerve?
medial cord

ELM2 - musculoskeletal (28 decks)

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