Lecture 22: Salmonella- GI Infections and Disease

Question 1

Enterobacteria are gram___, facultative ___

Answer 1

Negative, anaerobes

Question 2

What are the major enterobacteria pathogens

Answer 2

1. Salmonella
2. E. Coli
3. Yersinia

Question 3

Salmonella is located in the __ of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians

Answer 3

GI tract

Question 4

What is primary route of transmission for salmonella

Answer 4

Fecal-oral

Question 5

Who does S. Typhimurium infect

Answer 5

Many mammals and birds (broad host range)

Question 6

Who does S. Choleraesuis infect

Answer 6

Swine (narrow host range)

Question 7

Salmonellae are facultative __pathogens

Answer 7

Intracellular

Question 8

Salmonellae are able to survive in stomach via ___

Answer 8

Gastric acid barrier

Question 9

What is the pathogenesis for Salmonellae intestinal infection

Answer 9

1. Multiply in and traverse epithelial cells
2. Survive and multiply in macrophages
3. Systemic spread via infected macrophages via lymph and blood

Question 10

What is the main host cell for salmonellae

Answer 10

Macrophages

Question 11

What is the most common type of salmonella infection

Answer 11

Carrier state- subclinical

Question 12

What are some factors that affect salmonella clinical outcome

Answer 12

1. Infective dose size
2. Virulence of strain
3. Host susceptibility

Question 13

What are the two major forms of salmonellosis

Answer 13

1. Enteritis
2. Systemic septicemia

Question 14

Systemic infection with salmonella can lead to what

Answer 14

Abortion, arthritis, respiratory disease, meningitis, necrosis of extremities

Question 15

What Salmonella species is highly adapted to cattle

Answer 15

S. Dublin

Question 16

What does S. Dublin cause in all ages of cows

Answer 16

Enterocolitis with diarrhea, fever, septicemia, depression, anorexia

Question 17

What can S. Dublin cause in calves

Answer 17

Pneumonia, meningitis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, terminal dry gangrene

Question 18

What can S. Dublin cause in adult cows

Answer 18

Abortion, decreased milk

Question 19

What does S. Typhimurium cause in calves

Answer 19

Enterocolitis with diarrhea in calves

Question 20

What Salmonella species is highly adapted to pigs

Answer 20

S. Choleraesuis

Question 21

What does S. Choleraesuis cause in pigs

Answer 21

Septicemic disease with hepatitis, pneumonia, cerebral vasculitis

Question 22

What ages are susceptible to S. Choleraesuis

Answer 22

All ages, but weaned and growing-finishing pigs most vulnerable

Question 23

What does S. Typhimurium cause in pigs

Answer 23

Mild to moderate diarrhea

Question 24

What salmonella species infects horses, but is not adapted to just horses

Answer 24

S. Typhimurium

Question 25

What does S. Typhimurium cause in horses

Answer 25

Ranges from mild, self limiting diarrhea to severe necrotizing Enterocolitis

Question 26

What salmonella species typically affects sheep

Answer 26

S. Abortusovis

Question 27

What does S. Abortusovis cause in sheep

Answer 27

Abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death

Question 28

What salmonella stereotypes cause reproductive losses in ewes and Enterocolitis and septicemia in adults and lambs s

Answer 28

1. S. Typhimurium 2. S. Dublin

Question 29

T or F: salmonellosis is common in dogs and cats

Answer 29

False

Question 30

What does salmonellosis cause in dogs and cats

Answer 30

Acute enteritis with fever, malaise, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pan, diarrhea

Question 31

How do dogs and cats typically get salmonella

Answer 31

Contaminated raw meats, commercial diets, treats

Question 32

What salmonella species typically infect chicken and turkeys

Answer 32

1. S. Pullorum 2. S gallinarum

Question 33

What special transmission is observed with S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum

Answer 33

Transovarian

Question 34

What does S. Pullorum cause and in who

Answer 34

Pullorum disease in birds <4 weeks old- white diarrhea, anorexia, depression, labored breathing

Question 35

What does S. Gallinarum cause and in who

Answer 35

Fowl typhoid in growing/adult birds- anorexia, depression, dehydration, loss of condition, diarrhea, septicemia with sudden death

Question 36

What salmonella species is associated with egg associated disease in humans, therefore zoonotic risk

Answer 36

S. Typhimurium

Question 37

What salmonella species typically affects reptiles

Answer 37

S. Typhimurium

Question 38

What are some signs of S. Typhimurium in reptiles

Answer 38

Enteritis, dermatitis, pneumonia hepatitis, osteomyelitis, anorexia, weight loss, lethargy

Question 39

How do you dx salmonella

Answer 39

Biochemical tests, PCR, stereotyping, maldi-tof

Question 40

What test can be done to serotype salmonella

Answer 40

Slide agglutination test

Question 41

How do you tx septicemic forms of salmonella

Answer 41

IV antimicrobial and supportive care (fluids and electrolytes)

Question 42

How do you tx enteric forms of salmonella

Answer 42

Oral antimicrobial and supportive care (fluids and electrolytes)

Question 43

How do you prevent salmonella

Answer 43

1. Quarantine new animals 2. Ensure food, water and environment are uncontaminated

Question 44

How do you limit spread of salmonella

Answer 44

1. Isolate and treat or cull infected 2. Good hygiene 3. Dispose contaminated carcasses, bedding

Question 45

A salmonella vaccine is available for what species

Answer 45

Cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry