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Microbiology > Lecture 14: Trueperella, Rhodococcus, Listeria and Erysipelothrix > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Trueperella, Rhodococcus, Listeria and Erysipelothrix Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the shape of trueperella spp and is it gram positive or negative

A

Pleomorphic (coccobacillary, rod, club shaped), gram positive bacilli, non-spore forming

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2
Q

Trueperella spp are __anaerobes and aerobes

A

Facultative

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3
Q

T or F: Trueperella are capnophilic

A

True

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4
Q

Where are Trueperella spp found

A

Mucous membranes of mammals- commensals

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5
Q

What is the primary Trueperella spp. of veterinary importance

A

T. Pyogenes

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6
Q

What is the shape of T. Pyogenes

A

Coccobacillary to short rods

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7
Q

T. Pyogenes is a normal inhabitant of where

A

Upper respiratory, urogenital and GI tracts of ruminants, swine and other mammals

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8
Q

T. Pyogenes is a ___pathogen, most infections are endogenous

A

Opportunistic

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9
Q

What causes T. Pyogenes

A

Traumatic inoculation, secondary infection

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10
Q

T. Pyogenes can have host-to-host transmission in what scenario

A

Mastitis in cows

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11
Q

What does T. Pyogenes cause in tissues

A

Suppurative lesions, abscesses, emyemas, pyogrnaulomas

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12
Q

How does T. Pyogenes spread in body

A

Hematogenous

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13
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with T. Pyogenes and what do they do

A
  1. Pyolysin O: cytotoxic to macrophages, neutrophils and RBC’s
  2. Neuroamindases and other adhesins bind host cells and ECM
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14
Q

What is T. Pyogenes synergistic with

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum which causes bovine liver abscesses

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15
Q

What does T. Pyogenes cause in swine

A

Septic arthritis, occurs after farrowing

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16
Q

What does T. Pyogenes cause in cattle

A

Severe mastitis in heifers and dry cows, profuse, purulent secretions (contagious)

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17
Q

How is T. Pyogenes transmitted in cattle

A

Flies, teat contact with contaminated environment or milking equipment

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18
Q

How do you dx T. Pyogenes

A
  1. Clinical findings and gram positive short Pleomorphic rods
  2. Culture and ID- PCR of A.pyogenes, and MALDI-TOF
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19
Q

What is tx for T. Pyogenes

A
  1. Drainage of abscess
  2. Antibiotics- in vivo response poor because abscess encapsulation
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20
Q

How can you control T.pyogenes mastitis

A

Control flies, disinfection, tx heifers and dry cows with prophylactic long acting penicillin, isolate/ cull

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21
Q

What is the shape of Rhodococcus spp and are they gram positive or negative

A

Pleomorphic (cocci, rods, filaments), gram positive

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22
Q

Rhodococcus spp are __ so found in soil and water

A

Saprophytes

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23
Q

What is the important rhodococcus spp in vet med

A

R. Equi

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24
Q

What are the shapes of R. Equi

A

Cocci, coccobacilli, rods

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25
What are the reservoirs for R. Equi
Soil and intestinal tracts and feces of healthy animals
26
R. Equi are __ pathogens primarily of __
Opportunistic, foals
27
What are the routes of infection for R. Equi
Inhalation or ingestion of virulent strains in soil
28
What does R. Equi cause to tissues
Granulomas, pyogranulomas, abscesses
29
How does R. Equi spread in body
Hematogenous
30
Pathogenic strains of R. Equi are __pathogens so they survive and grow inside ___
Facultative intracellular pathogens, grow inside macrophages
31
What protects R. Equi from phagocytic killing
Vap proteins
32
Foal presents with abscesses and histo shows pyogranulomas and the following image. What is likely cause
R. Equi (macrophages filled with R. Equi)
33
What does R. Equi cause in foals
Pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia with abscessation. Lesions in pulmonary, mesenteric LN, intestines
34
What does R. Equi do to swine
Causes submandibular and cervical lymphadentitis
35
foal necropsy shows abscesses all over lungs, what is likely cause
R. Equi
36
How can you dx R. Equi
1. Gram positive Pleomorphic cells within macrophages from tracheal wash, pus 2. PCR for VapA gene
37
What is tx for R. Equi
Rifampin and macro life
38
What shape are listeria spp and are they gram negative or positive
Gram positive, coccobacilli
39
Listeria spp are __anaerobes
Facultative
40
Listeria are ___, so commonly found in soil and water
Saprophytes
41
What does L. Ivanovii cause in ruminants (especially sheep_
Abortion
42
What does L. Monocytogenes cause in mammals
Septicemia, abortion and CNS infections
43
Where is L. Monocytogenes found
Soil, silage, sewage, freshwater, GI tracts and feces
44
How is L. Monocytogenes transmitted
1. Ingestion of contaminated food 2. Vertical transmission in utero
45
What is the pathogens is of L. Monocytogenes
1. Penetrates intestinal epithelium 2. Spreads via lymph and blood to various tissues 3. Alternative route ton CNS via breaks in oral or nasal mucosa—> cranial nerves—> brain
46
What lesions are associated with L. Monocytogenes
1. Brain- microabscesses, primarily in brain stem 2. Septicemia- diffuse necrosis in any organ, especially liver 3. Aborted fetus
47
L. Monocytogenes is a ___pathogen so grows inside ___ and ___
Facultative intracellular pathogen, phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells
48
What are the virulence factors associated with L. Monocytogenes
1. Adhesins 2. Listeriolysin O
49
what does this show and what is likely cause
Infected neuron within a micro abscess Likely cause: L. Monocytogenes
50
What does L. Monocytogenes cause in cattle
1. Encephalitis (most common) 2. Abortion in 3rd trimester 3. Septicemia in neonates
51
What does L. Monocytogenes cause in pigs, dogs and cats
Septicemic form with focal hepatic necrosis
52
What does L. Monocytogenes cause in horses
Neonatal septicemia and abortion
53
What does L. Monocytogenes cause in poultry
Septicemic form with lesions in heart, liver, and other abdominal viscera, pericarditis, splenomegaly
54
necropsy of chicken shows necrotic lesion on heart. What is likely cause
Septicemic form of L. Monocytogenes
55
How can you dx L. Monocytogenes
1. Gram positive rods in liver, other organs, placental or fetal tissue 2. Culture and ID
56
How can you tx L. Monocytogenes
Antibiotics- penicillin, oxytetracycline
57
How can you control/ prevent L. Monocytogenes
1. Avoid feeding poor quality silage 2. Implement feeding methods that minimize ocular contact with silage
58
What is the shape of erysipelothrix spp and are they gram positive or negative
Gram positive, non-spore forming rods or non-branching filaments
59
Erysipelothrix are __anaerobes
Facultative
60
What is the most important erysipelothrix species in vetmed
E. Rhusiopathiae
61
What is the important reservoir for E. Rhusiopathie
Pigs
62
Where does E. Rhusiopathie live in pigs
Tonsils and GI tract- excreted in feces and pro nasal secretions Healthy carrier pigs
63
How do infections with E. Rhusiopathie occur
Ingestion of contaminated food or water, also via skin wounds
64
What is the pathogens is of E. Rhusiopathie
1. Invades bloodstream 2. Vascular damage and hemorrhagic lesions in organs/tissues 3. Damage to synovial joints
65
What virulence factors are associated with E. Rhusiopathie
1. Neuroamindases- adherence to endothelial cells 2. Hyaluronidase- invasion of tissue 3. Capsule- survival and growth in phagocytic cells (facultative intracellular pathogen)
66
Pig necropsy shows synovitis and arthritis in hock joint. Black=hemorrhage, what bacteria is the likely cause
E. Rhusiopathie
67
How does E. Rhusiopathie effect swine
1. Severe septicemia- skin lesions, high mortality, pregnant sows abort 2. Mild septicemia- skin lesions and pregnant sows abort 3. Chronic form- arthritis and endocarditis
68
What age group of pigs is most susceptible to E. Rhusiopathie
3-18 months
69
What does E. Rhusiopathie cause in lambs and how does infection occur
Polyarthritis, infection via umbilicus and skin wounds
70
What does E. Rhusiopathie cause in adult sheep
Post dipping lameness, pneumonia, endocarditis
71
15 month old Pig presents with the following lesions, just aborted fetus. What is likely cause
E. Rhusiopathie
72
What can E. Rhusiopathie cause in poultry, especially turkeys
Acute septicemia with sudden death Dark colored, swollen snood Chronic arthritis or endocarditis may occur
73
What caused this dark colored, swollen snood
E. Rhusiopathie
74
Which bacteria can be an occupational hazard to vets working with fish, poultry, swine and in agricultural industries
E. Rhusiopathie
75
How do you dx E. Rhusiopathie
1. Gram positive short to filamentous rods 2. Culture, PCR, MALDI-TOF
76
What is the treatment for E. Rhusiopathie
1. Penicillin- DOC 2. Tetracycline
77
What tx should be added to suckling piglets with E. Rhusiopathie
Antiserum with antibiotics

Microbiology (31 decks)

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