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Microbiology > Lecture 27: Highly Regulated Bacteria > Flashcards

Lecture 27: Highly Regulated Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the causative agent of contagious equine metritis

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

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2
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis are gram __ rods

A

Negative

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3
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis is catalase, oxidase, and phosphatase ___

A

Positive

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4
Q

T or F: Taylorella equigenitalis grows on MacConkey agar

A

False

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5
Q

What is pathogenesis of contagious equine metritis

A
  1. Semen and pre-ejaculatory fluids contaminated
  2. Enter uterus and replicate
  3. Induce acute endometritis
  4. Mononuclear cells, plasma cells and neutrophils migrate to uterine lumen
  5. Produces profuse mucopurulent exudate
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6
Q

What are some clinical findings with contagious equine metritis in mares

A
  1. Copious mucopurulent vaginal discharge
  2. Temporary infertility
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7
Q

Contagious equine metritis can be spread to foals aka ___transmission

A

Vertical

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8
Q

What signs do stallions show with contagious equine metritis

A

Usually asymptomatic carriers

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9
Q

How is contagious equine metritis transmitted

A
  1. Venereal most common
  2. Infected semen
  3. Contaminated instructment
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10
Q

In untreated stallions T. Equigenitalis can persist for ___ to ___

A

Months to years

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11
Q

Foals born to infected mares with T. Equigenitalis may become ___

A

Long-term asymptomatic carriers

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12
Q

What samples do you use to dx contagious equine metritis in mares

A

Swabs from vaginal discharge, clittoral fossa, sinuses, cervix

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13
Q

What samples do you use to dx contagious equine metritis in stallions

A

Swab from Urethral fossa, sinus, distal urethra, external surface of penis, prepuce, pre-ejaculatory fluid

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14
Q

When taking samples for contagious equine metritis the horses can not be on systemic antibiotics for at least ___ days or topical antibiotics for __ days

A

7 days, 21 days

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15
Q

Sample from suspected contagious equine metritis should be transported in ___medium

A

Amines

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16
Q

What is the gold standard to dx contagious equine metritis

A
  1. Chocolate agar
  2. Timoney’s medium
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17
Q

What is tx for contagious equine metritis

A
  1. Wash external genital with 2% chlorine iodine
  2. Nitrofurazone
  3. Silver sulfadiazine
    Repeat for 5 days
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18
Q

How do you prevent contagious equine metritis

A
  1. Strict import/export testing requirements
  2. Quarantine
  3. Hygienic measures
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19
Q

Where is brucellosis endemic

A

Yellowstone national park

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20
Q

Brucellosis is found in wild __ and ___

A

Bison and elk

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21
Q

Brucellosis is transmissible to __ and __ through contact with ___fetuses and infected carriers

A

Cattle and humans
Aborted fetuses

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22
Q

What is a select agent

A

Infectious agent with potential for use in bioterrorism

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23
Q

Brucellosis is a gram ___ aerobic coccobacilli

A

Negative

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24
Q

Pathogenic strains of brucellosis have __

A

LPS

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25
Brucellosis is catalase, oxidase and urease ___ except B. Ovid which is oxidase and urease ___
Positive, negative
26
What are reservoirs for brucellosis
Various wild, feral and domestic animals
27
Brucellae are shed with __
Aborted fetuses
28
Brucellae infect mammary glands and therefore are fond in ___
Raw milk
29
What humans are at greatest risk for brucellosis
1. Consume unpasteurized milk 2. Direct contact with infected animals 3. Lab or researchers
30
Animals are infected with brucellosis by
1. Ingestion of contaminated fetal tissues and fluids 2. Direct contact with MM 3. Cut in the skin 4. Contaminated equipment or feed 5. Transplacental
31
What is pathogenesis for brucellosis
1. Rapidly phagocytosed by leukocytes and macrophages 2. Bacteria survive inside phagocytic cells 3. Multiply in monocyte-macrophage cells 4. Spread to reproductive organs
32
What is the causative agent of bovine brucellosis
B. Abortus
33
What does B. Abortus cause
Abortion, infertility, reduced milk yieldw
34
What is causative agent of canine brucellosis
B. Canis
35
What does B. Canis cause
Low virulence, abortions occasionally seen in kennel settings
36
What is the causative agent of swine brucellosis
B. Suis
37
What does B. Suis cause
Abortion, infertility, orchitis, arthritis
38
What is the causative agent of brucellosis in goat and sheep
B. Melitensis
39
What does B. Melitensis cause
Abortion, orchitis, arthritis
40
B. Melitensis is transmitted in ___ and ___
Milk products, fresh cheeses
41
What is the most dangerous zoonotic brucellosis spp
B. Melitensis
42
What is the causative agent of brucellosis in sheep
B. Ovis
43
What does B. Ovis cause
Abortion
44
What is gold standard to dx brucellosis
1. Brucella milk ring test
45
What agar is used to culture brucellosis
Columbia agar supplemented with 5% serum
46
Tested for brucellosis, what test is this and what does it indicate
Brucella milk ring test Blue rings are positive
47
What is tx for brucellosis
Infected animals can’t be cured- no tx available
48
How do you prevent brucellosis
1. Vaccine 2. Hygienic measures after abortion 3. For vets: safe handling, PPE
49
What is the causative agent of Coxiellosis/ Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
50
Coxiella burnetii is ___ to environmental stress
Resistant
51
Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that infects __, __ and __
Goat, sheep and cattle
52
Coxiella burnetii is a obligate ___
Intracellular
53
What are the two antigenic phases of coxiellosis
1. Phase 1- virulent 2. Phase 2- a virulent
54
What are the two distinct cell types for Coxiella burnetii
1. Small cell variant 2. Large cell variant
55
What is small cell variant
Metabolically inactive form and environmentally stable
56
What is large cell variant
Metabolically active form
57
Coxiella burnetii is highly infectious a __ bacterium can cause infection in humans
Single
58
Coxiella burnetii has an ID50 <__
10
59
What is ID50
Number of organism required for infection in 50% of test subjects
60
Coxiella proliferates in the ___ of infected animals and causes ___
Uterus and mammary glands, causing late term abortion
61
How is coxiella transmitted
Exposure via inhalation of aerosols usually from parturient sheep, goats and cattle
62
Coxiella has high numbers in __ fluid
Amniotic
63
Coxiella can be excreted in __, ___ or ___
Milk, urine, feces
64
What is pathogenesis of coxiella
1. Multiples in acidified phagolysosomes 2. Localizes to genital tract and mammary glands
65
What is the main virulence factor for coxiella
Type 4 secretion system
66
What are some clinical findings of coxiella in goats
1. Reproductive failure 2. Abortions and stillbirths 3. Infertility 4. Weak newborns 5. Low birth weights
67
What are som clinical findings of coxiella in ruminants
1. Infertility 2. Weak offspring 3. Carrier state
68
What is the most sensitive and fast way to dx coxiellosis
PCR
69
What is tx for coxiellosis
Tetracycline prior to parturition
70
How do you prevent coxiellosis
1. Good husbandry 2. Proper disposal of birth products

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