Lecture 31: Mycoplasma Flashcards
1
Q
Mycoplasma is closely related to gram ___, but stains gram ___
A
Positive, negative
2
Q
Mycoplasma structurally has no ___ or ___
A
Cell wall or peptidoglycan
3
Q
Mycoplasma have added ___for membrane stability
A
Sterols
4
Q
Mycoplasma and ureaplasma are nonhemortropic or hemotropic
A
Nonhemotropic
5
Q
Where does mycoplasma and ureaplasma infect
A
Respiratory, urogenital, articular surfaces, mammary glands, serosa membranes
6
Q
Mycoplasma that is hemotropic parasitize RBC’s and cause ___
A
Regenerative anemia
7
Q
What are two examples of hemotropic mycoplasma that were formerly identified as Ricketssia genera
A
- Haemobartonella
- Eperythrozoon
8
Q
T or F: mycoplasma is highly host specific
A
True
9
Q
What are the two notifiable mycoplasms and their associated diseases
A
- M. Mycoides mycoides- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
- M. Capricolum capripneumoniae- contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
10
Q
Mycoplasma are the ___self-replicating organisms due to their reduced genome
A
Smallest
11
Q
What are the preferred stains for mycoplasma
A
Giemsa, dienes, acridine orange
12
Q
What stains are used in the diene stains
A
Methylene blue and azure IIwhat
13
Q
What is the cell membrane of mycoplasma composed of
A
Phospholipid trilaminar layer with cholesterol
14
Q
What stain is used and what is this in general
A
dienes stain- mycoplasma- fried egg appearance
15
Q
Mycoplasma colonies have a ___shape
A
Fried egg
16
Q
Mycoplasma are facultative ___ or ___
A
Anaerobes or microaerophiles
17
Q
What is the key virulence factor for mycoplasma
A
Adhesion
18
Q
What are some virulence factors associated with mycoplasma
A
- Adhesins- P1 adhesin
- Antigenic and phase variation: pMGA lipoproteins
- Biofilm
- H2O2
- Capsule
- Capping (immune evasion)
- Mimicry
19
Q
Samples of mycoplasma are fragile so dip swab in ___first
A
Transport medium
20
Q
What are some samples submitted for suspected mycoplasma
A
Mucosal scraping, tracheal exudate, aspirate
21
Q
What is the appropriate transport medium for mycoplasma
A
Amies medium without charcoal, Stuart’s medium
22
Q
For mycoplasma mastitis milk samples you add __for transport
A
Ampicillin
23
Q
Mycoplasma is fastidious and therefore on culture requires __, ___, and ___ for growth
A
Serum, amino acids, and nuclei acids
24
Q
What agars are used to culture mycoplasma
A
- PPLO- pleuropneumonia like organisms that contain antibiotics- brain heart infusion base
- Modified Hayflick Agar- brain heart infusion base- boiled bovine and porcine heart and brain
25
What tests are used to ID mycoplasma
1.ELISA- detect antibodies
2. Latex agglutination test- antigens
3. PCR and qPCr
26
What test is the best method for hemotropic mycoplasmas
PCR and qPCR
27
What is the tx for mycoplasma
Tetracyclines, macrolides, fluorquinolones
28
Mycoplasma haemofelis causes a ___infection in ___
Hemotropic infection in cats
29
What mycoplasma causes feline infectious anemia
Mycoplasma haemofelis
30
You can’t culture mycoplasma haemofelis because hemotropic, must use ___ to identify
PCR
31
Mycoplasma haemofelis is common in what cats
1-3yr free roaming Tom cats
32
How is Mycoplasma haemofelis transmitted
bite wounds, biting arthropods (fleas)
33
A cat that has recovered from M. Haemofelis may be a ___
Asymptomatic carrier
34
What is the pathogenesis of M. Haemofelis
Extravascular hemolysis- attachment of microbe to RBC’s, antibodies attach, spleen clears from system
35
What is the clinical presentation for mycoplasma haemofelis
Fever, anemia, depression, weakness, jaundice
36
What is the recovery like for mycoplasma haemofelis
Successive waves of parasiteminia, regenerative bone marrow response with reticulocytosis
37
Owner brings in her indoor/ outdoor Tom cat for depression and weakness. You do a blood smear and see this. What is likely causative agent
mycoplasma haemofelis
38
What is the best method for dx mycoplasma haemofelis causing FIA
PCR
39
Blood smears can be used to dx mycoplasma haemofelis causing FIA but only visible __% of time
50%
40
What is a CBC abnormality associated with mycoplasma haemofelis
Regenerative anemia
41
What test can you perform for mycoplasma haemofelis that will detect anti-RBC antibodies
coomb’s test
42
What is the tx for mycoplasma haemofelis induced FIA
Doxycycline
43
T or F: mycoplasma gallisepticum is a reportable disease
True
44
How is M. Gallisepticum transmitted
Aerosol
45
What are some clinical signs of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens
Chronic respiratory disease
46
What does mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in turkeys
Infectious sinusitis with thick mucoid exudate. Severe swelling of infraorbital sinuses
47
Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes a decrease in ___production
Egg
48
How do you dx mycoplasma gallisepticum
Serum antibody plate agglutination test
49
What is tx for mycoplasma gallisepticum
1. Tylosin or tetracyclines
2. Eggs for hatching dipped in tylosin
3. Establish pathogen-free flocks
50
Mycoplasma synoviae infects what species
Chickens and turkeys
51
What does mycoplasma synoviae cause in chickens and turkeys
Infectious synoviae
52
How is mycoplasma synoviae transmitted
Aerosols
53
What are some clinical signs of mycoplasma synoviae
1. Synovitis- lameness, swelling of joints and tendons
2. Airsacculitis
3. Sternal bursitis in turkeys
54
What are some dx test for mycoplasma synoviae
1. PCR
2. Slide latex agglutination test
55
What is tx and control for mycoplasma synoviae
1. Tetracycline
2. Pathogen free flock
56
Mycoplasma hypo pneumonia causes what and in who
Swine enzootic pneumonia in 8-20 week old pigs
57
Swine enzootic pneumonia as a ___morbidity and __mortality
High, low
58
Mycoplasma hypo pneumonia potentiates ___complex
Porcine respiratory disease complex
59
What is the major clinical signs of mycoplasma hypo pneumonia
Chronic nonproductive cough
60
What is dx for mycoplasma hyopneumonia
1. PCR- nasal swab
61
What is tx for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Tetracyclines, linocomycin, tiamulin
62
What vaccines are available for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
1. RespiSure-one
2. Ingelvac MycoFlex swine vaccine
63
What are 2 causative agents of mycoplasma arthritis
1. Mycoplasma hyorhinis
2. Mycoplasma hypo synoviae
64
M. Hyorhinis and hyosynoviae are commensals found in ___ of pigs
Respiratory tracts
65
What does Mycoplasma hyorhinis cause and in who
Mycoplasma arthritis in 3-10 week old pigs
66
What are some clinical signs of M. Hyorhinis
1. Arthritis- lameness
2. Polyserositis- serofibrinous to fibrinopurulent
67
How do you dx mycoplasma hyorhinis
Joint fluid
68
How can you different M. Hyorhinis and H. Parasites causing glasser’s disease in pigs since they both cause polyserositis
M. Hyorhinis- arthritis and lameness
H. Parasites- meningitis
69
What is tx for M. Hyorhinis
Tylosin and Lincomysin
70
Mycoplasma hyosynoviae affects who and causes what
Pigs 12-30 weeks of age, causing polyarthritis
71
What pigs are most susceptible to M. Hyosynoviae
Gilts
72
M. Hyosynoviae invades ___ and ___
Joints and tendon sheaths
73
What are some clinical signs of M. Hyosynoviae
Acute lameness, difficulty moving, pain, swollen joints
74
Pain in what joints is associated with M. Hyosynoviae
Hock, stifle, elbow
75
How do you dx M. Hyosynoviae
PCR
76
What is tx for M. Hyosynoviae
Tiamulin and lincomycin
77
What two major things does mycoplasma bovis cause in cattle
Bronchopneumonia and mastitis
78
Mycoplasma bovis is more common in ___cattle vs cow-calf herds
Feedlot cattle
79
In calves, mycoplasma bovis causes severe ___
Pneumonia- caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia
80
What causes pneumonia and polyarthritis in cows
Mycoplasma bovis
81
Mycoplasma bovis primarily affects __ and ___ calves
Stocker and feeder
82
Mycoplasma is a disease of ___respiratory tract
Lower
83
What are some clinical presentations of mycoplasma bovis
Harsh hacking cough, fever, increase respiratory rate, depression, swollen joints and arthritis
84
What joints are primarily affected by mycoplasma bovis
Carpus, shoulder, hip and hock
85
What is tx for mycoplasma bovis causing bronchopneumonia
1. Tulathromycin
2. Gamithromycin
86
How do you control and prevent mycoplasma bovis
Vaccinate, biosecurity, reduce stressors, good nutrition
87
What is the reservoir for mycoplasma bovis causing mastitis
Clinically healthy calves and young cattle
88
What are some clinical signs of mastitis caused by mycoplasma bovis
Sudden swelling of whole udder or quarter, whey like supernatant in CMT
89
How can you dx mastitis caused by mycoplasma bovis/ what culture
Broth enhanced medium/culture- Proprietary modified hayflick broth
90
What is the tx for mastitis caused by mycoplasma bovis
No effective treatment, lots of antibiotic resistance and no vaccine
91
T or F: mycoplasma agalactiae that causes contagious agalactia is a reportable disease
True
92
What species is affected by mycoplasma agalactiae
Ovine and caprine
93
94
What is the major etiological agent for contagious mastitis or contagious agalactiae
Mycoplasma agalactiae
95
What is the three part syndrome for mycoplasma agalactiae
Mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis
96
What are some clinical signs of contagious agalactia
Abortions, fatal pneumonia in young sheep and goats
97
T or F: mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides is a reportable disease
True
98
What does mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides cause
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
99
How is contagious bovine pleuropneumonia caused by mycoplasma mycoides transmitted
Aerosols
100
What is the morbidity and mortality associated with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia caused by M. Mycoides
Morbidity 70%, mortality 50%
101
What are some clinical signs of M. Mycoides
Severe Fibrinolysis pneumonia, high fever, anorexia, depression, painful, difficulty breathing, head and neck extended and elbow abducted stance
102
What do calves get that are infected with mycoplasma mycoides
Polyarthritis, swelling of joints, lameness
103
What do the organs in the thoracic cavity look like in a cow infected with M. Mycoides
Yellow/clear fluid in pericardium, fibrin covered organs, marbeling on lung
104
How do you confirm M. Mycoides dx
PCR
105
What is the treatment for M. Mycoides in endemic areas
Tylosin and danofloxacin
106
T or F: M. Capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae is not a reportable disease
False
107
What does M. Capricolum subspecies caprinpnuemonia cause
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
108
What is the morality and morbidity associated with M. Capricolum subspecies caprinpnuemonia
Morbidity 100%, mortality 80-100%
109
What are some clinical presentations of M. Capricolum subspecies caprinpnuemonia
Severe respiratory distress, nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnea, severe lobar Fibrinolysis pleuropneumonia, profuse pleural exudate, marbeled lung, hepatized lung lobes
110
How do you dx M. Caprinoculum subspeces caprinpnuemonia
PCR, latex agglutination test best for field
111
What is tx for M. Capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae
Fluroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines
112
What does mycoplasma cynos cause in dogs
Lower respiratory tract disease, associated with kennel cough
