Lecture 23/24: Development Contexts Flashcards
(22 cards)
What allows an individual to claim a Māori identity?
A connection to whakapapa (genealogy). However, lacking whakapapa knowledge can disconnect individuals from their iwi, land, marae, and tikanga, making identity claims more challenging.
Why do certain equity measures exist for Māori?
Because colonisation caused significant losses—of land, language, and cultural knowledge—equity measures aim to address these historical and ongoing disadvantages.
What is meant by an ‘imagined’ Māori identity?
It’s a constructed idea of what it means to be Māori, often shaped by Pākehā views. These identities tend to romanticise or oversimplify Māori culture, using stereotypes like the “noble savage” or “warrior.”
What are the fundamental criteria for a Māori identity?
Whakapapa
What is ‘development’ in the context of this course?
It refers to growth, wealth-building, or capacity-building, shaped by the political and economic context in which it’s used.
How does power relate to knowledge in economics and politics?
Those in power control economic systems and define how they are understood—“knowledge is power.”
What is values-based economics?
An economic model that includes social, environmental, and cultural concerns, not just financial gain.
What is the quadruple bottom line?
A framework measuring progress of:
- economic
- social
- environmental
- cultural
What did Max Weber suggest about values and capitalism?
The rise of capitalism contributed to the decline of values-based economic systems
How are capitalism, imperialism, and colonialism linked?
Capitalism drove imperial expansion, prioritising profit over Indigenous knowledge, replacing it with Western politico-economic values.
Capitalism wanted wealth
Imperialism spread to control more areas Colonialism imposed control over Indigenous peoples to serve capitalist goals.
What happened to Māori within the capitalist colonial project?
Māori were reduced to “cogs” in a capitalist system, with their values and knowledge systems pushed aside
What is Gibson-Graham’s ‘economic iceberg’?
A model showing visible capitalist practices above the surface and hidden Indigenous economies, driven by whānau and community, below the surface
How does the economic iceberg relate to Indigenous economies?
It illustrates how Indigenous economies are often invisible within capitalist frameworks, despite being vital and active
Why is knowledge considered a strategic resource?
Because dominant knowledge systems shape economies—often ignoring Indigenous perspectives and the quadruple bottom line
What is Indigenous knowledge?
Knowledge gained through observing the environment, passed down orally, and built through generations via tradition and pūrākau.
What is Mātauranga Māori?
Māori knowledge and philosophies rooted in a Māori worldview that connects people to the environment
What does “He anga onamata, he aronga anamata” mean?
“Ancestrally driven, future focused”—reflecting the forward-looking strength of traditional knowledge
What is mātauranga-ā-iwi?
Region-specific Māori knowledge based on unique iwi-environment interactions
Why is validating knowledge a political act?
Because deciding which knowledge is “correct” reinforces power imbalances—no knowledge system should dominate another
What is Indigenous development?
Creating benefits for Indigenous communities through the recognition of their knowledge in governance, practice, and research
What are examples of Indigenous development areas?
Climate change, biodiversity, data sovereignty, language revitalisation, legal personhood for nature, and public health
What are key ethics of Māori development?
Whakapapa: Genealogy and relationships
Kaitiakitanga: Guardianship and care
Whanaungatanga: Managing relationships
Rangatiratanga: Self-determination and governance
Wairua: Spiritual contexts
