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Lecture 31 Flashcards

1
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA

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2
Q

tRNA

A

transfer RNA

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3
Q

3 components of nucleotide

A

nitrogenous base, pentose, 1+ phosphates

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4
Q

the molecule without a phosphate group

A

nucleoside

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5
Q

how many rings does pyrimidine have

A

1

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6
Q

how many rings does purine have

A

2

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7
Q

how many purines are there

A

2

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8
Q

what are the 2 purines

A

adenine, guanine

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9
Q

how many pyrimidines are there e

A

3

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10
Q

what are the 3 pyrimidines

A

cytosine, thymine, uracil (RNA)

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11
Q

structural units of DNA

A

deoxyribonucleotides

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12
Q

structural units of RNA

A

ribonucleotides

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13
Q

2 pathways that lead to nucleotides

A

de novo, salvage

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14
Q

recycle the free bases and nucleosides released from nucleic acid breakdown

A

salvage pathway

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15
Q

what metabolic precursors does de novo start with

A

amino acids, ribose 5 phosphate, CO2, NH3

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16
Q

in de novo, purine bases are syn while attached to what

A

ribose

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17
Q

de novo, pyrimidine ring is synthesized as..

A

orotate

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18
Q

what provides the most amino groups in de novo

A

GLn

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19
Q

precursor for purines de novo

A

glycine

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20
Q

glycine is the precursor for what

A

purines

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21
Q

precursor for pyrimidines de novo

22
Q

aspartate is precursor for what

A

pyrmindines

23
Q

purine syn step 1

A

PRPP to 5-phospho - beta - d ribosylamine

24
Q

enzyme of step 1 purine synthesis

A

glutamine-PRPP-amidotransferase

25
what goes into and comes out step 1 purine synthesis
glutamine goes in, glutamate and PPi comes out
26
first intermediate with complete purine ring
inosinate
26
abbreviation for inosinate
IMP
27
what can IMP be used to synthesize
AMP and GMP
28
AMP or GMP synthesis regulated by..
feedback inhibition from purine nucleotide products
29
what donates the amino group for AMP
aspartate
30
what donates the amino group for GMP
glutamine
31
in salvage cycle, what two things can be used to make AMP/GMP
guanine, hypoxanthinine
32
in pyrimidine synthesis, what is the first thing done
first making the pyrimidine ring
33
what form is the first pyrimidine ring in
orotate
34
what is attached after the pyrimidine ring formation (pyrmindine synthesis)
ribose 5 phosphate
35
what provide the atoms for ring structure
aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate
36
what is the regulator of pyrminidine synthesis
first enzymatic step
37
what is the first enzymatic step of pyrimidine synthesis
aspartate to n-carbamoylaspartate
38
enzyme of first step of pyrimidine synthesis
aspartate trans carbamoylase
39
what two things are regulating the first step of pyrmindine synthesis
carbamoyl phosphate, CTP
40
what two things are required for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
ribonucleotide reductase, NADPH
41
thymidylate synthesis does what
adds methyl to dUMP, giving thymine
42
what does thymidylate synthesis require
folate (vitamin b9
43
folic acid deficiency leads to what
reduced thymidylate synthesis
44
folic acid deficiency occurs in what percent of human population
about 10%
45
reduced thymidylate synthesis causes...
uracil to be incorporated into DNA
46
repair mechanisms remove uracil in the DNA how
creating strand breaks, therefore affecting the structure and function of the DNA
47
pathways for degradation of pyrimidines lead to what
NH4+ production, urea synthesis
48
in pyrimidine catabolism, carbons of thymine are degraded to..
succinylcholine CoA
49
carbons of cytosine and uracil are degraded to...
acetyl CoA

AGBI 410 (26 decks)

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