Lecture 32

Question 1

covalent structure and nucleotide sequence , what structure

Answer 1

primary structure

Question 2

regular, stabel structure taken up by some or all the nucleotides

Answer 2

secondary structure

Question 3

complex folding of large chromosomes or the elaborate folding of tRNA or rRNA structures

Answer 3

tertiary structure

Question 4

covalent bond that joins successive nucleotides of both DNA and RNA

Answer 4

phosphodiester linkage

Question 5

phsophodiester bonds are between what and what

Answer 5

5 prime and 3 prime

Question 6

3’, 5’ - phosphodiester bonds run in the same direction

Answer 6

parallel

Question 7

3’, 5’ phosphodiester bonds run in opposite directions

Answer 7

antiparallel

Question 8

antiparallel confirmed how

Answer 8

by x ray analysis

Question 9

how many H bonds between G and C

Answer 9

3

Question 10

how many H bonds between A and T

Answer 10

2

Question 11

3 H bonds between what

Answer 11

G and C

Question 12

2 H bonds between what

Answer 12

A and T

Question 13

G = what

Answer 13

c

Question 14

A = what

Answer 14

T

Question 15

which base pairing tends to be the strongest and why

Answer 15

guanine cytosine due to more H bonds

Question 16

has the potential to form hairpin or cruciform

Answer 16

palindrome

Question 17

no possibility of self complementarity

Answer 17

mirror repeat

Question 18

which pairs with itself

Answer 18

hairpin

Question 19

palindrome has potential to form what

Answer 19

hairpin or cruciform

Question 20

three different DNA forms

Answer 20

a form, b form, z form

Question 21

more common in solutions lacking water; unknown how frequently it may occur in cells

Answer 21

a form

Question 22

common in physiological conditions, what form

Answer 22

b form

Question 23

which form is Watson and crick associated with

Answer 23

b form

Question 24

common when C-G pairs are alternating; found in some cells but function is unknown, what form

Answer 24

z form

Question 25

non- Watson crick pairing, what type

Answer 25

Hoogsteen pairing

Question 26

form from Hoogsteen pairing

Answer 26

triplex DNAs

Question 27

occur when 4 DNA strands pair

Answer 27

tetraplex DNA

Question 28

most stable tetra plex

Answer 28

g tetraplex

Question 29

occur readily only for DNA sequences with high prop of G residues

Answer 29

tetraplex DNA

Question 30

mRNA is always what

Answer 30

single stranded

Question 31

is mRNA right or left handed conformation

Answer 31

right

Question 32

can base pair with complementary regions of DNA or RNA

Answer 32

mRNA

Question 33

paired strands of mRNA are what

Answer 33

antiparallel

Question 34

what are breaks caused by in RNA

Answer 34

mismatched or unmatched bases

Question 35

what do breaks result in for RA

Answer 35

bulges or internal loops

Question 36

internal loops form between..

Answer 36

palindromic sequences

Question 37

primary location containing all genetic material

Answer 37

nucleus

Question 38

what is DNA organized into in the nucleus

Answer 38

chromosomes

Question 39

what are smaller than the nuclear chromosomes

Answer 39

mitochondria

Question 40

mitochondrial codes for what

Answer 40

mitochondrial tRNA, rRNA, some mitochondrial proteins

Question 41

all the DNA the encodes the primary sequence of some final gene product

Answer 41

gene

Question 42

one protein is prod from one gene, what hypoth

Answer 42

one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis

Question 43

non translated DNA

Answer 43

introns,

Question 44

translated DNA (coding DNA) called what

Answer 44

exons

Question 45

3 consecutive nucleotides in a single strand of DNA the codes for a specific amino acid

Answer 45

codon

Question 46

how is DNA present in bacteria,

Answer 46

plasmid compacted in the nucleoid

Question 47

small, circular DNA molecules that are in the cytosol of many bacteria

Answer 47

plasmids

Question 48

consist of just a single RNA or DNA molecule and a protein coat

Answer 48

viruses

Question 49

viruses mostly contain what

Answer 49

RNA

Question 50

are viruses living or nonliving

Answer 50

nonliving

Question 51

eukaryotic chromosomal material composed of DNA, RNA and proteins

Answer 51

chromatin

Question 52

tertiary packaging of DNA

Answer 52

chromosomes

Question 53

enzymes that inc or decrease the extend of DNA underwinding

Answer 53

topoisomerases

Question 54

DNA sequence that functions during cell division as an attachment point for proteins that link the chromosome to the mitotic spindle

Answer 54

centromere

Question 55

sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that help stabilize the chromosome

Answer 55

telomeres

Question 56

proteins that are tighly associated with chromatin

Answer 56

histones

Question 57

function to package and order the RNA

Answer 57

histones

Question 58

histones tend to associate with regions rich in what

Answer 58

A/T

Question 59

proteins that package DNA

Answer 59

histones

Question 60

fundamental structural unit of chromatin

Answer 60

nucleosomes

Question 61

chromosomes are what before cell division

Answer 61

highly condensed and organized

Question 62

phase where genetic material replicated

Answer 62

s phase

Question 63

which strand synthesizes in segments

Answer 63

lagging

Question 64

catch potential mistakes in nucleotides

Answer 64

proofreading

Question 65

ends where 3' C is free

Answer 65

3' end

Question 66

3' end ends where

Answer 66

3' C is free

Question 67

5' ends where

Answer 67

5'C is only bound to phosphate, not another base pair

Question 68

4 func of DNA polymerase

Answer 68

1. incorporates dNTPs, proofreads, replaces RNA primers with DNA 4. puts Okazaki fragments together